Concept Of Synchronization Research Articles

Emotions as Self-Organizational Factors of Anthropogenesis, Noogenesis and Sociogenesis

Purpose. The purpose is to prove the synchronicity of anthropogenesis, noogenesis and sociogenesis based on emotions, which are their self-organizational principles, as well as to reveal the synergistic essence of these processes. Theoretical basis. The study is based on the self-organizational paradigm, the theory of autopoiesis, labour theory, pananthropological concept, as well as on the concept of synergy of biological and mental phenomena. Originality. The concept of synchronicity of anthropogenesis, noogenesis and sociogenesis based on the emotions is substantiated. The concept of self-organizational emergence of emotions on the basis of hormones is developed. It is established that anthropogenesis is a process of anthropologisation of life based on biochemical reactions in the form of hormones and emotions, which are a synergy of genetic information, biochemical processes, instincts, and physiological phenomena. It was outlined that noogenesis has an emotional dimension, because emotions are the basis for self-organization of rationality, which begins at the level of emotional consciousness. The author shows the specifics of sociogenesis, which self-organizes based on social emotions, which in their turn "distinguish" a man from the sphere of natural existence based on the ability to control emotions. Conclusions. Emotions arise self-organizationally on the basis of hormones. They are self-organizational factors of anthropogenesis, noogenesis and sociogenesis based on the synergistic effect that arises through the combination of emotions and hormones at the biochemical level. The basic principle of anthropology is emotions that synchronize anthropogenesis, noogenesis and sociogenesis, which manifests themselves on the physical, mental, and spiritual levels. At the bodily level, emotions are expressed as biochemical and hormonal reactions. At the spiritual level emotions create the basis for the development of the mind, which originates as emotional consciousness. Emotions self-organize the process of anthropologisation of life, which is possible based on the synergy of human genome, biochemical, physiological phenomena and instincts. The concepts of synchronicity of anthropogenesis, noogenesis and sociogenesis and self-organizational emergence of emotions based on hormones initiate a promising direction of further research of the role of emotions in the processes of self-organization of social phenomena.

Spatial organization of connectivity in functional climate networks describing event synchrony of heavy precipitation

In the past years, there has been an increasing number of applications of functional climate networks to studying the spatio-temporal organization of heavy rainfall events or similar types of extreme behavior in some climate variable of interest. Nearly all existing studies have employed the concept of event synchronization (ES) to statistically measure similarity in the timing of events at different grid points. Recently, it has been pointed out that this measure can however lead to biases in the presence of events that are heavily clustered in time. Here, we present an analysis of the effects of event declustering on the resulting functional climate network properties describing spatio-temporal patterns of heavy rainfall events during the South American monsoon season based on ES and a conceptually similar method, event coincidence analysis (ECA). As examples for widely employed local (per-node) network characteristics of different type, we study the degree, local clustering coefficient and average link distance patterns, as well as their mutual interdependency, for three different values of the link density. Our results demonstrate that the link density can markedly affect the resulting spatial patterns. Specifically, we find the qualitative inversion of the degree pattern with rising link density in one of the studied settings. To our best knowledge, such crossover behavior has not been described before in event synchrony based networks. In addition, declustering relieves differences between ES and ECA based network properties in some measures while not in others. This underlines the need for a careful choice of the methodological settings in functional climate network studies of extreme events and associated interpretation of the obtained results, especially when higher-order network properties are considered.

Dental education during the pandemic: Cross-sectional evaluation of four different teaching concepts.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the advantages of student satisfaction with and functionality of three digital teaching concepts during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic compared to a conventional lecture setup.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was a survey‐based e‐learning research among dental students in the clinical study phase of a department of prosthetic dentistry at a German university hospital. A total of 44 questions were answered in four main sections: 1. general technical components; 2. acceptance; 3. evaluation and functionality; and 4. overall evaluation and grades of the various digital concepts. The use of Zoom conference, livestream, and prerecorded PowerPoint was compared to the conventional lecture setup (control group/CG). Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test, followed by an exploratory data analysis and Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.05).ResultsStudents were very satisfied with the provision, quality, and benefit of the digital concepts. The asynchronous concept was significantly more satisfying than the synchronous concepts in many aspects but was less successful in interactions. In the overall evaluation and grading, the asynchronous concept was rated significantly better than the other synchronous concepts (p ≤ 0.007), followed by Zoom conference, conventional lecture (CG), and livestream, while Zoom conference and the conventional lecture showed no significant difference (p = 0.784).ConclusionsStudents significantly preferred the asynchronous concept to the synchronous concepts. The results suggested that asynchronous concepts are an effective and functional form of distance education during a pandemic. In general, digital teaching concepts are currently widely accepted for maintaining university education.

Estimation of Granger causality through Artificial Neural Networks: applications to physiological systems and chaotic electronic oscillators.

One of the most challenging problems in the study of complex dynamical systems is to find the statistical interdependencies among the system components. Granger causality (GC) represents one of the most employed approaches, based on modeling the system dynamics with a linear vector autoregressive (VAR) model and on evaluating the information flow between two processes in terms of prediction error variances. In its most advanced setting, GC analysis is performed through a state-space (SS) representation of the VAR model that allows to compute both conditional and unconditional forms of GC by solving only one regression problem. While this problem is typically solved through Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation, a viable alternative is to use Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) implemented in a simple structure with one input and one output layer and trained in a way such that the weights matrix corresponds to the matrix of VAR parameters. In this work, we introduce an ANN combined with SS models for the computation of GC. The ANN is trained through the Stochastic Gradient Descent L1 (SGD-L1) algorithm, and a cumulative penalty inspired from penalized regression is applied to the network weights to encourage sparsity. Simulating networks of coupled Gaussian systems, we show how the combination of ANNs and SGD-L1 allows to mitigate the strong reduction in accuracy of OLS identification in settings of low ratio between number of time series points and of VAR parameters. We also report how the performances in GC estimation are influenced by the number of iterations of gradient descent and by the learning rate used for training the ANN. We recommend using some specific combinations for these parameters to optimize the performance of GC estimation. Then, the performances of ANN and OLS are compared in terms of GC magnitude and statistical significance to highlight the potential of the new approach to reconstruct causal coupling strength and network topology even in challenging conditions of data paucity. The results highlight the importance of of a proper selection of regularization parameter which determines the degree of sparsity in the estimated network. Furthermore, we apply the two approaches to real data scenarios, to study the physiological network of brain and peripheral interactions in humans under different conditions of rest and mental stress, and the effects of the newly emerged concept of remote synchronization on the information exchanged in a ring of electronic oscillators. The results highlight how ANNs provide a mesoscopic description of the information exchanged in networks of multiple interacting physiological systems, preserving the most active causal interactions between cardiovascular, respiratory and brain systems. Moreover, ANNs can reconstruct the flow of directed information in a ring of oscillators whose statistical properties can be related to those of physiological networks.

Synchronization Analysis for Stochastic Networks Through Finite Fields

Finite-field networks (FFNs) are an effective type of models to characterize the multiagent systems with limited computation, communication, and memory capabilities. In this article, we term the FFNs, which switch among a collection of modes with respect to an independently and identically distributed process, as the stochastic FFNs (SFFNs). Subsequently, the concepts of asymptotic synchronization with probability one (asymptotic SPO), finite-time SPO, and fixed-time SPO of SFFNs are, respectively, introduced. Moreover, a series of necessary and sufficient conditions is, respectively, derived for asymptotic SPO and fixed-time SPO on the basis of transition graph and network matrix. Compared with the existing results in logical networks and real-valued networks, several interesting characteristics of a synchronous SFFN are revealed. Furthermore, the relations among asymptotic SPO, fixed-time SPO, finite-time SPO, and the synchronization of each mode are established.

High Gain and High-Efficiency Bidirectional DC–DC Converter With Current Sharing Characteristics Using Coupled Inductor

Application of coupled inductor in designing nonisolated bidirectional dc-dc converter provides flexibility to attain high voltage conversion ratio both in buck and boost mode of operation. In this article, a new coupled inductor bidirectional converter is designed with low winding turns ratio (n = 1). The proposed topology uses two current path inductor structure which improves voltage conversion ratio and shares current in all operating modes. All the active switches in the proposed topology are soft switched utilizing synchronous rectification concept. Higher efficiency operation is possible as no extra circuit elements are required to achieve soft switching. Leakage energy of coupled inductor is successfully stored in a clamped capacitor which is utilized in the circuit topology. The voltage stress and current stress level of main active switches are low. The proposed circuit is simulated and performance parameters are verified through hardware results. Both simulation and experimental results performed on a 250 W prototype confirm to attain a high efficiency of the proposed converter with simple hardware requirement for practical implementation.

Синхронизация часов в распределенных многомашинных вычислительных системах. Часть II

The study substantiates the necessity of clock synchronization in distributed multicomputer systems. The basic definitions related to the concept of clock synchronization are given, and methods of clock synchronization are classified. Increasing the lifecycle of failure- and fault-tolerant distributed multicomputer systems for critical application is one of the most urgent problems at the current level of technology development. This is especially true for unattended distributed multicomputer systems for space applications. The second part deals with synchronization in systems with Byzantine faults, and this is a complex task due to the characteristic features of the fault model. The synchronization process in multi-cluster and multi-complex systems is associated with the multitasking of such systems, which makes the synchronization process even more relevant and multi-criteria. The paper considers the modern technologies providing the synchronization process in systems of critical use.

Синхронизация часов в распределенных многомашинных вычислительных системах. Часть I

The study substantiates the necessity of clock synchronization in distributed multicomputer systems. The basic definitions related to the concept of clock synchronization are given, and methods of clock synchronization are classified. Increasing the lifecycle of failure- and fault-tolerant distributed multicomputer systems for critical application is one of the most urgent problems at the current level of technology development. This is especially true for unattended distributed multicomputer systems for space applications. The development of such systems should begin with the construction of models of faults and self-controlled degradation, ensuring, firstly, their failure and fault tolerance and, secondly, maximum survivability, which is possible only if there are means of clock synchronization in such systems. All activities associated with ensuring the synchronization of any distributed multicomputer systems begin with the concept of synchronization of on-board functions, which is based on the generation of on-board time and includes the synchronization of on-board software and equipment that requires time synchronization or information about the course of time. The main elements of this concept are the processor clock module, the onboard software clock, the atomic navigation clock. The first part of the work gives basic definitions, and considers methods and algorithms related to the clock synchronization process. The second part is devoted to synchronization in systems with Byzantine faults and in multi-cluster and multi-complex, i.e. multitask, systems. The modern technologies providing the synchronization process in such systems are considered.

Investigations on deformation mechanism of double-sided incremental sheet forming with synchronous thermomechanical steel-aluminum alloy bonding

Lightweight Al/steel laminated parts are required for industrial applications due to their relatively high service performances. In this work, truncated conical parts are fabricated from separated DC05/AA5052 sheet via newly proposed synchronous thermomechanical manufacturing concept combined with pin-less friction stir welding and incremental forming processes. To clarify the deformation and bonding mechanisms, simplified quasi-static element loading model is built for analyzing localized stress and strain distribution. Both theoretical and experimental results indicate axial forming force in this synchronous thermomechanical process lowers than that in conventional friction stir welding. Analytical temperature model for evaluated elements is also established based on heat generation and conduction relationship. 420℃ is the favorable steady maximum temperature to promote mechanical and metallurgical bonding under localized loading effects, which can avoid producing over-thick brittle Fe-Al intermetallic compounds. Sound formability, hook defect elimination, and higher bonding strength of the process are contributed by the well-controlled heat-force coupling effect. Qualitative and quantitative assessments in terms of geometric accuracy, stress triaxiality, surface roughness and gradient microstructures of fabricated parts are made to further represent forming performances. The proposed process and the models are helpful in promoting the development of synchronous thermomechanical forming systems for challenging materials.

JAVANESE ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE: ADOPTION AND ADAPTATION OF JAVANESE AND HINDU-BUDDHIST CULTURES IN INDONESIA

Javanese Islamic architecture appears to be highly influenced by previous cultures, even though Islam has brought a new civilisation since the 13th century in Indonesia. The classical mosques and houses seem to follow Javanese and Hindu-Buddhist principles in their buildings, elements and spatial arrangements. This paper examines how the Javanese adapted their architecture to meet Islamic values while preserving their previous traditions. The concept of architectural synchronisation in Javanese architecture is examined from the traces observed in the temple dioramas, depictions of contemporary cultural products, and several traditional buildings. The adoptions and adaptations that appear in some significant objects such as old mosques and houses are traced back to previous transformation principles. Architectural harmonisation for new needs seemingly bases on religion as the most potent driving aspect. However, what is interesting is that in the case of Java, embracing a new religion does not mean forgetting existing traditions. On the other hand, the principle of acculturation has created a peaceful transition in architecture. Some evidence suggests that Javanese high culture, such as the classical grand mosque and the joglo house, succeeded in translating Javanese and Hindu-Buddhist ideas into Islamic architecture in very distinctive ways.

Complex Networks Reveal Heatwave Patterns and Propagations Over the USA

AbstractQuantifying the dynamical linkage, co‐evolution, and propagation of regional heatwaves is essential to minimize socio‐economic losses. Here, we investigate such network structure and propagation characteristics for warm period (May–September) heatwaves over Conterminous United States using a complex network approach based on daily maximum temperature. The concept of Event Synchronization (ES) is applied to identify the source and sink regions primarily responsible for heatwave propagations and the strength of association between these regions. The network coefficients are derived to evaluate the extremal dependence, co‐evolution, and spatial propagation of large scale heatwavc events. The topology and propagation of heatwaves are influenced by the spatial distribution of the zonal and meridional air mass transport. Furthermore, we demonstrated the application of ES metrics and the network coefficients for heatwave days prediction between source and sink regions with true positive rate of 63% at a lead time of 2 days.

Wavelength synchronization technology for UDWDM-PON transmitter based on injection locking

We propose a concept of wavelength synchronization to ensure the stability of ultra-dense channels in an ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (UDWDM-PON) transmitter. A mode-locked laser is used to provide wavelength references for users. By injection locking the semiconductor laser, the separation of the wavelength reference is realized in an optical line terminal. The downlink and uplink wavelength references are interlaced and distributed to facilitate the synchronization of uplink carriers. In the optical network unit, the uplink optical carriers are filtered by injection locking semiconductor lasers, which achieve wavelength synchronization for the uplink users. In this Letter, an adaptive wavelength synchronization transmitter for UDWDM-PON is realized with a channel spacing of 5 GHz.

Fixed-Time Output Synchronization of Coupled Reaction-Diffusion Neural Networks With Delayed Output Couplings

Based on previous research on the finite-time output synchronization of coupled neural networks (CNNs), this paper proposes the novel concept of fixed-time output synchronization and fixed-time H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> output synchronization, and extends the corresponding results to coupled reaction-diffusion neural networks (CRDNNs). In addition, the output delayed coupling and discontinuous activations are taken into consideration. Then, two types of CRDNNs are considered, the CRDNNs with external disturbances or that without disturbances. With the Lyapunov functional and fixed-time control theory, a novel feedback control scheme is proposed to guarantee fixed-time output synchronization and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> output synchronization of the considered CRDNNs respectively. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the correctness of our results.

СИНХРОНИЗАЦИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ: «РИЗОМА» СОВРЕМЕННОГО РОССИЙСКОГО ИСКУССТВА В ГЛОБАЛЬНОМ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ КОНТЕКСТЕ

The authors address issues of the development of contemporary art in Russian regions. On the one hand, the task is to formulate the philosophical and theoretical foundations of such an analysis. On the other hand, original empirical data are used (based on a number of Russian and European cases). The authors propose an original concept of synchronization of modernity as an attempt to overcome the contradiction between global normalization of cultural processes (“homogenization”) and opposition to it in the trends of “heterogenization” based on locality and originality. Synchronization is viewed as a “rhizome” of connections, relationships and projects in the flows of fluid modernity (Z. Bauman's liquid Modernity). The concept of “synchronization of modernity” is proposed as a philosophical basis for the analysis and practical development of contemporary art in the regions of Russia, in which, in particular, it is supposed to resolve the contradiction by homogenization (or global normalization) and heterogenization in the dynamic situation of “liquid Modernity” (Bauman) and cultural hybridization, which involves not only taking into account the conditions of deterritorialization, but also various forms of actualizing the local / regional context. These are the conditions and limitations for the formation of a “rhizome” (in the sense of Deleuze and Guattari) of contemporary art in Russia. The initial assumptions of the concept of synchronization of modernity are applied to the analysis of the current historical and cultural situation, the development of contemporary art in the regions of Russia, where this “rhizome” grows in a clash between the translation of the global international context (prestigious exhibitions, institutions, curators, auctions) and the search for distinctive regional (local) grounds. It is also shown that in the current empirical and practical context, the synchronization of modernity is implemented in several approaches: 1) “local identity”, 2) global normalization (“colonization”), 3) network “stitching of territories”, 4) chaotic search / open initiative.

Finite Time Chaos Synchronization in Time-Delay Channel and Its Application to Satellite Image Encryption in OFDM Communication Systems

This paper proposes a finite time chaos synchronization approach for the secure communication of satellite imaging. To this end, chaotic oscillators are considered in both the transmitter and receiver ends to generate the chaotic encryption/decryption keys. To mitigate the non-negligible channel time-delay between the receiver and transmitter, we propose a robust controller design. The proposed approach is designed based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the finite-time synchronization concept to attain finite time synchronization in a time-delayed channel. By using synchronized chaotic keys, a physical-layer chaotic encryption scheme for transmitting the satellite images is designed in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing wireless network. The proposed chaotic-based satellite image encryption/decryption system is validated using a numerical simulation study. Additionally, to analyse the robustness and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed chaotic encryption structure, a set of security analysis tools such as histogram analysis, key space analysis, correlation test, information entropy and other statistical analysis were performed.

Ilm Al-raml: A Case Study in Mathematizing Divination Systems Using Modular Arithmetic

The study of divination and divination systems, particularly in non-technological societies, presents a set of unusual problems that challenge the core of rational and epistemic thought. Notwithstanding the bulk of research on cultural genres such as religion, magic, and myth, efforts fall short of distinguishing the constituent theoretical and ontological underpinnings of divinatory practices. Employing modular arithmetic principles, this study proposes a case for situating mathematical concepts within atypical cultural and historical contexts that essentialize mathematical thought as embodied expressions of human endeavors. This article presents an investigation into the mathematical structures underlying an ancient historical and cultural divination practice known as ilm al-raml (Arabic translation of sand science). Principled by sociohistorical and sociocultural lenses, the study employs an ethnomathematical methodology. Coined by D’Ambrosio (1985 , 1999 ) and Knijnik’s (2000) seminal ethnographic research, ethnomathematical methodology can be interpreted as delineating a way to track and analyze the processes of generation, transmission, diffusion, and formalization of mathematical knowledge in diverse cultural systems. By reflecting on the concepts of synchronicity and acausal events, I show that ilm al-raml presents an algorithmic divination system that is based on fundamental computational rules based on Boolean algebra laws with a probabilistic time ordering of events specifically designed to predict future outcomes.

Eşzamanlılık, Soyut Sembolizm ve Ayhan Menteş’in Görsel Çalışmasında Varyasyonların Kullanımı

The paper offers a monographic account on Turkish Cypriot artist Ayhan Menteş’ experimentation with abstraction, developed parallel to his ideas on creativity, which reinterprets and appropriates ancient and Anatolian symbols through contemporary techniques and compositions. Over 60 years, Menteş accumulated a range of mythologems, collected from ancient myths and symbols, which are cleverly integrated into a distinct form of abstract symbolism based on the notions of repetition, variation and synchronicity. Among the sea of repeated subjects and symbols, the symbol of the fish is highlighted as indicative of the close affinities between Menteş’ life-long interest in and exploration of the unconscious and his visual artistic production. The concept of synchronicity as discoursed by Swiss psychiatrist Carl G. Jung, also defined as ‘meaningful coincidences’, frames the paper’s theoretical approach. Taking up Jung’s emphasis on the significance of the simultaneity of events that are not causally linked; themes of chance, and the power of creative thought, are considered integral to Menteş’ approach to life and creative processes. Menteş’ work also reveals the wider reception of abstraction during the artist’s student years in Turkey and later life in Cyprus.

Synchronicity Research

Abstract Recent years have seen an increased interest in journal articles and books on the topic of synchronicity. Such scholarly interest is consistent with increased cultural attention given to synchronicity and changes to the social context in which spirituality thrives as a personal search for meaning, which may or may not relate to religion. Based on a review of the extant literature on synchronicity, this paper proposes a new taxonomy for better understanding and analyzing the growing phenomenon of individual and cultural interest in synchronicity. The taxonomy consists of four dimensions of synchronicity: Context, Process, Content, and Explanation. The primary contributions of this paper are (a) description and definition of the concept of synchronicity, (b) preliminary proposal of a taxonomy of synchronicity, and (c) outline of a research agenda to conduct theory-based studies of synchronicity phenomena.

State feedback control and observer-based adaptive synchronisation of chaos in a memristive Murali–Lakshmanan–Chua circuit

In this paper we report the control and synchronisation of chaos in a memristive Murali–Lakshmanan–Chua (MLC) circuit. This circuit, introduced by the present authors in 2013, is basically a non-smooth system having two discontinuity boundaries by virtue of it having a flux-controlled active memristor as its nonlinear element. While the control of chaos has been effected using state feedback techniques, the concept of adaptive synchronisation and observer-based approaches have been used to effect synchronisation of chaos. Both these techniques are based on state space representation theory which is well known in the field of control engineering. As in our earlier works on this circuit, we have derived the Poincare discontinuity mapping (PDM) and zero time discontinuity mapping (ZDM) corrections, both of which are essential for realising the true dynamics of non-smooth systems. Further, we have constructed the observer- and controller-based canonical forms of the state-space representations, have set up the Luenberger observer, derived the controller gain vector to implement state feedback control and calculated the gain matrices for switch feed back and finally performed parameter estimation for effecting observer-based adaptive synchronisation. Our results obtained by numerical simulation include time plots, phase portraits, estimation of the parameters and convergence of error graphs and phase plots showing complete synchronisation.

On the Parameterized Complexity of Synthesizing Boolean Petri Nets With Restricted Dependency

Modeling of real-world systems with Petri nets allows to benefit from their generic concepts of parallelism, synchronisation and conflict, and obtain a concise yet expressive system representation. Algorithms for synthesis of a net from a sequential specification enable the well-developed theory of Petri nets to be applied for the system analysis through a net model. The problem of $\tau$-synthesis consists in deciding whether a given directed labeled graph $A$ is isomorphic to the reachability graph of a Boolean Petri net $N$ of type $\tau$. In case of a positive decision, $N$ should be constructed. For many Boolean types of nets, the problem is NP-complete. This paper deals with a special variant of $\tau$-synthesis that imposes restrictions for the target net $N$: we investigate dependency $d$-restricted tau-synthesis (DR$\tau$S) where each place of $N$ can influence and be influenced by at most d transitions. For a type $\tau$, if tau-synthesis is NP-complete then DR$\tau$S is also NP-complete. In this paper, we show that DR$\tau$S parameterized by $d$ is in XP. Furthermore, we prove that it is W[2]-hard, for many Boolean types that allow unconditional interactions set and reset.