Concept Of Sponge City Research Articles

Research on the Updating and Selection of Greening in Sponge Cities

With the frequent occurrence of urban waterlogging, the concept and construction of sponge city have been carried out in many inland cities. Urban greening is not only an integral and important part of sponge cities, but also has a considerable impact on climate and urban landscape. This paper analyzes the function and existing problems of sponge city greening. In the past planning, the selection of certain trees brought problems such as flying catkins and pollen to people’s lives. Not only are they an allergen for many residents, but they also pose a fire hazard. At the same time, the construction of some green facilities lacks rationality. They are not only difficult to play the role of interception, but also easy to water in the flower bed in rainy weather, resulting in root rot. In addition, this paper also discusses the improvement of tree species and greening facilities. For some problem trees which are planted in a large area and difficult to renew in a short time, some mitigation measures are put forward. Finally, the vertical greening and rainwater gardens which have great potential in the green selection of sponge city are introduced. This paper is devoted to exploring more scientific and reasonable choices in the greening of sponge cities, while alleviating urban waterlogging and minimizing the impact on residents’ lives.

The advantages of sponge cities in urban flood prevention and control

Frequent occurrence of extreme precipitation is highly susceptible to flooding. The urbanization process has exacerbated the current situation of urban flooding. Sponge city technology has an important role in solving the problem of urban flooding. Since 2012, sponge city construction has been gradually launched in China. However, there are problems and challenges in China's sponge city construction. In this context, this paper explains the concept and advantages of sponge city. It attributes the main factors causing urban flooding to natural and social factors and discusses them separately. This paper uses the sponge city concept to construct the method of urban flood prevention and control system, and gives how to solve the problem of good articulation within the system. It also categorizes the existing sponge cities in China and puts forward the misunderstandings and deficiencies of the current state of construction of sponge cities. This study finds that sponge city construction is an important method to address the issue of urban flooding. It is also a necessary project to comply with the situation of urban development and plays a guiding role in the future urban construction project.

Waterlogging Prevention and Control Planning Based on the Concept of Sponge City - A Case Study of Kirin Science and Technology City

With the accelerated development of urbanisation, the problem of waterlogging is increasingly becoming a serious challenge for cities. In order to effectively deal with the risk of waterlogging, this study proposes a set of waterlogging prevention and control planning based on the concept of sponge city construction. It focuses on giving full play to the water reduction effect of Low Impact Development (LID) facilities through the integrated application of ecological emission reduction systems and drainage and risk removal technologies to reduce rainwater runoff and improve the city’s flooding resilience. The method is applied to Kirin Science and Technology City as an example, and the results show that the total annual runoff control rate, the water surface rate, and the water surface storage capacity of this area are all significantly improved, which can provide a reference for deepening the scientific understanding of the mechanism of urban rainfall and flood formation and adopting effective management means.

Flood Mitigation Management Practice: A Comparison Between Stormwater Management Road Tunnel (SMART) and Sponge City Methods

Flash flood in Malaysia urban is no longer a surprise incident as it has become a widespread natural disaster that frequently happened every year. The geographical of Malaysia with equatorial climate experiences consistently high temperatures with high relative humidity and influenced by the northeast and southwest monsoons have provided heavy rainfall during the monsoon season. Although the flood issue has been given an important focus under the disaster management implementation in Malaysia, there is critical demand to improve the present flood mitigation management practice to overcome unforeseen flood disaster issues over the long term. The annual occurrence of floods in Malaysia has caused a very big impacts to the lives of humans and other living beings that requires serious attention and better “solution alternative” measures in urban areas. Commentators have remarked that the current urban flood management method, i.e., Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART) has not been proven as the long-term best solution to overcome the unforeseen flood disaster issues over the long term. There have been suggestions from the scholars to explore and adopt a new method, i.e., Sponge City concept that is still scarce in Malaysia but has been substantially adopted in China to overcome the urban flood issues. Therefore, this paper is prepared to present the outcome of the study on the comparison between the present Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART) and the newly concept of Sponge City with specific reference to the urban flood mitigation management in Malaysia. This study employs a quantitative research strategy to collect primary data from fifty-eight (58) respondents that approximately represents 73% of the entire distributed questionnaires or a total of 80 potential respondents that was identified to meet the specified criteria, with the objective to get their opinions on the comparison between the two competing methods, i.e., the present SMART tunnel, and the newly Sponge City concept for urban flood mitigation management in Malaysia. The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents chose Sponge City because it is greater advantages than the SMART tunnel method to overcome the issues of flood disaster in the urban areas. Although the Sponge City concept could be deemed appropriate for consideration as the new and better flood mitigation management method in Malaysia, it demands a holistic assessment to view the relevancy of Sponge City implementation and its investment over the life span for achieving economic sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Research on Sewage Purification Technology in Sponge Cities

Urban water system ecology has been severely damaged, urban waterlogging, water pollution, water resources shortage and other problems have become more serious, and it is urgent to repair and harness them. The concept of sponge city can effectively improve the state of urban water system. Therefore, this article aims to provide theoretical support for China's sponge city pollution water purification technology by analyzing the characteristics, hazards, and different sewage purification technologies of urban sewage.

Urban waterlogging mitigation based on the concept of sponge city

In recent years, many cities around the world have experienced severe urban waterlogging disasters due to decreasing rainfall infiltration caused by land cover changes with rapid urbanization, and increased frequency of heavy rainfall events, including localized torrential rain. Traditional drainage systems and internal control concepts have failed to meet the requirements of urban safety. To address the challenging problem of urban waterlogging, China proposed the Sponge City in 2014. From the perspective of natural climate and urban construction planning, this paper makes an analysis of the causes of urban waterlogging, points out the limitations of traditional drainage facilities, and discusses the many hazards associated with urban waterlogging. This paper explains the meaning of Sponge City and the basic ideas of Sponge City construction. Based on the discussion of Sponge City development, this paper analyzes the Sponge City construction in Xixian New Area, and explains the significance of Sponge City to solve the problem of urban waterlogging. Through this idea, I would like to explore the common issues in countries suffering from heavy rainfall disasters such as Japan and Malaysia. The study hopes to provide a deeper thinking on ways to use nature to solve the waterlogging.

Research on Prefabricated Road base Technology under the concept of Sponge City

The problems of construction period, quality and coordination between road construction and maintenance and road traffic often exist in the process of traditional urban road construction. The development of urbanization has brought about the rapid expansion of urban roads, and the changes in the permeability of urban underlying surface have also brought about urban waterlogging and urban water security problems. Making full use of the environmental protection, high efficiency and economic characteristics of the prefabricated process, through data investigation, theoretical calculation and mechanical analysis as the main means, the prefabricated prefabricated road base is studied and designed, drawing on the stress characteristics of the raft foundation of the building structure and the concept of beam and slab force transmission, forming the prefabricated beam and slab base in the form of raft structure, taking into account the actual drainage capacity of the urban pipe network and the outdoor drainage regulations, and setting drainage holes and gravel layers, Make the prefabricated road base have the function of organized drainage and water storage at the peak of runoff, so as to alleviate urban waterlogging to a certain extent and solve urban water safety problems.

Comparative Assessment of Sponge City Constructing in Public Awareness, Xi’an, China

Climate change and urbanization are causing increasingly frequent urban flooding in countries around the world. Various innovative approaches have emerged to address this challenge. In China, the Sponge City was first proposed in 2012 to achieve an urban hydrological balance through natural storage, natural infiltration and natural purification. This article presents a comparative investigation (using a survey method) of new and old communities in Xixian New District and Xi’an in September 2021 to investigate public awareness of the Sponge City and understand levels of satisfaction and acceptance. Individuals of the same age or education residing in the Sponge City generally know more about the Sponge City and were more willing to accept it than those in traditional cities. Moreover, the residents of Sponge City understand the Sponge City concept well, with a majority of the respondents (71.82%) expressing clear understanding on the conception of Sponge City. However, residents in a traditional city exhibited much less understanding of the concept (44.24%). Furthermore, for those living in the same area, people who are younger or have higher education exhibited a clearer understanding of and acceptance of the Sponge City and local government. In this survey, the average scores (assign values to the different responses, then average and percent it) of respondents in Xixian New District with master’s degrees, bachelor’s degrees and high school degrees or below were evaluated at 76.88, 67.94 and 62.15, respectively, compared to 62.07, 50.18 and 50.78 in Xi’an. Lastly, we found that differences in living environment have a significant influence on residents’ perceptions. Residents living in the Sponge City are generally satisfied with the travel and living conditions and greatly support the local government. Meanwhile, this study will help relevant authorities pay more attention to residents’ opinions and help them to formulate policies to spread the concept of Sponge City and encourage residents’ participation.

Urban Green Space Planning and Design for Sponge City

Urban green space designed based on the concept of sponge city is an important sponge carrier. Guided by the theory of landscape ecology, this article introduces the artificial neural network (ANN) model and uses the research method of landscape pattern index to establish a model for the proportion of urban green space types and the characteristics and dynamic changes of landscape spatial pattern. Based on the optimal landscape pattern index, the theoretical value of the optimal proportion of ecological green space, community park, comprehensive park, roadside green space, protective green space, and strip green space is obtained through the model. Based on this proportion value, combined with the ANN model, the reasonable evaluation results of patch density and average perimeter area ratio, spread degree, and diversity index of planned green space are obtained. Then, according to the influence of various green spaces on each landscape index, the development trend of urban green space construction in the future is predicted.

Sponge City Design Based on Intelligent Displacement Optimization

The concept of sponge city urbanization construction is the important guiding idea, to quickly eliminate the end drainage characteristics of the traditional urban drainage system; the effect is very poor under the actual extreme precipitation weather conditions. The failure of the drainage system will cause urban waterlogging and even sewage overflow, thus causing the collapse of the entire urban water system. In a variety of heavy precipitation weather frequency as the background, this paper first makes a detailed introduction about the concept of sponge city, mainly describes the features and functionality of the sponge city, compares them and the function of traditional urban drainage system, and finds out the advantages and disadvantages of the sponge city on the function, especially on the end of the drainage function, which is even better than traditional drainage system. Finally, through modern computer intelligence technology, the artificial neural network is combined with the sponge city drainage system, and the influence of rainfall prediction module and centralized coordinated optimization sponge processing module on the urban drainage is added on the basis of the traditional drainage system. As a reliable idea to solve the sponge bottom problem with weak urban drainage function, the feasibility of this idea is proved theoretically.

Assessing Hydrological Cost-Effectiveness of Stormwater Multi-Level Control Strategies in Mountain Park under the Concept of Sponge City

Within the concept of sponge city in China, green stormwater measures have been widely used in urban mountain parks. This study provides an integrated assessment framework for hydrological cost-effectiveness in the Nanjing Guanyao Mountain Park under various precipitation scenarios. A grey drainage basic strategy and four multi-level control strategies with progressively increasing graded interception or storage facilities at mid-and terminal levels were designed and evaluated. Results show that the multi-level interception and storage strategy (S4) proved to be the most beneficial, followed by the multi-level interception strategy (S2) having slightly lower results than the multi-level storage strategy (S3), while the terminal strategy (S1) showed poor results. However, the hydrological cost-effectiveness exhibits the opposite trend under 2–5-year storms. A high multi-level strategy limited by life-cycle costs may not impart high hydrological cost-effectiveness in response to each return period of storms in this mountain stormwater practice. This study validates the hydrological performance and cost-effectiveness of multi-level distributed strategies in an urban mountain park, bridges the limitations of the previous studies on single scheme design and hydrological performance assessment for sloped sites, and provides a technical reference and design basis for similar studies and practices.

Systematic Application of Sponge City Facilities at Community Scale Based on SWMM

In the context of global climate change, many countries have taken corresponding measures to cope with the stormwater problems in urbanization. The Chinese government introduced the concept of Sponge City to improve the urban water ecological security, which is a systematic project. Taking the urban community as our research object, we studied the combination application of LID (low-impact development) measures and retention ponds in the community and then discussed the practicability of the systematic application of Sponge City facilities in the construction of community drainage systems. There are four simulation scenarios in SWMM (stormwater management model): traditional drainage scenario, LID scenario, retention pond scenario, and LID-retention pond scenario. By comparing the effects of different facilities on runoff and outflow under the six return periods of 1a, 2a, 5a, 10a, 20a, and 50a, we find that LID measures have evident effects on runoff and outflow reduction. Still, they are greatly affected by the return period. The retention pond has no noticeable impact on runoff, but it reduces the peak value of outflow and is less affected by the return period. The combination of LID and retention pond can combine their advantages, reduce the peak flow rate of the site stably and relieve the pressure of the urban drainage system. This study provides a basis for the graded implementation of Sponge City, especially for community-scale rainwater regulation.

A Study on the Effect of Retrofitting Existing Neighborhoods Applying the Concept of Sponge City

A Study on the Effect of Retrofitting Existing Neighborhoods Applying the Concept of Sponge City

Research on Early Rainwater Pollution Control Technology under the Concept of Sponge City

Research on Early Rainwater Pollution Control Technology under the Concept of Sponge City

Exploration on water environment control scheme of black and odorous water body in Houhai River Basin

Black smelly water around the economy, society and people’s livelihood development has a very bad influence, seriously affects people’s production and life style, in order to further remove black smelly water bodies, this article takes the water environment treatment scheme of Houhai River in Nanshan District of Shenzhen as an example, this paper considers the treatment of water environment as a whole with systematic thinking. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the sources of pollutants in the basin, the quantitative analysis method of current pollutants in the present situation was established, and a technical route of “pollution control and interception, endogenous treatment, ecological restoration and raising quality of living water” was established according to the quantitative analysis of pollutants. In the process of treatment, the concept of sponge city should be implemented simultaneously; the river ecosystem should be improved by revetment ecological promotion, drainage outlet landscape treatment and so on. The implementation effect evaluated by model showed that all indicators could reach the design goal. The purpose of this paper could provide reference for water environment treatment schemes in other similar areas.

A Discussion on the Construction Ideas of Sponge City in A Green Eco-district

With the continuous enhancement of ecological awareness in recent years, sponge city design has become more professional and secure in green eco-district planning. In this context, in order to give full play to the function and advantages of the green eco-district, it is an irresistible trend to advance the progress of the green eco-district planning and accelerate the construction of sponge city. Based on the above situation, first of all, this paper analyzes the significance and value of sponge city from three aspects of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit based on the construction concept of sponge city. Secondly, the planning and design ideas of sponge city construction are analyzed from the perspectives of compliance with principles and proper planning, planning procedures and measures, and the selection of adaptive technologies.

Introducing Transversal Connectivity Index (TCI) as a method to evaluate the effectiveness of the blue-green infrastructure at metropolitan scale

This study introduces the Transversal Connectivity Index (TCI) as an ecological indicator for classifying the natural landscape patches by their effective transversal connectivity to the water surfaces. The method applies specifically to urban areas at which the quality of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is of fundamental importance in reducing the climate change consequences. Effective transversal connectivity among the BGI at the metropolitan scale supplies various ecosystem services in support of nature-based solutions for emerging urban challenges. The TCI value is computed (determined) by integrating a variety of existing and novel landscape indicators into an equation. The connectivity indicators belong to two categories: the intra-patch consists of the isoperimetric quotient, and patch ecological indicator, and the inter-patch ones listed as the band level, the shared border ratio, and the transport fragmentation buffer. The method is tested on the metropolitan zone of Berlin, and the results reveal unconventional findings of the effectiveness of BGI in urbanized landscapes. Despite the abundant green surfaces present in Berlin, only 50% of them have direct access to freshwater surfaces, based on Urban Atlas land use land cover data. The proposed indexing method is reproducible for other metropolitan areas, leading to comparative evaluation of effective BGI, having direct implications with emerging agendas of metropolitan management and policy making like the City Biodiversity Index, the concept of Sponge City, and Sustainable Development Goals.

Study on Planning and Design of Rainwater System Based on the Concept of Sponge City

In recent years, the concept of sponge city has been applied in different places. There are also many experts on sponge cities who believe that to build a sponge city in the city, we need to improve and optimize the rainwater system. In this way, we can better explore the way to plan and design the stormwater system when conducting the construction of the sponge city. This paper will also analyze and study the characteristics and functions of rainwater system planning in the construction of sponge city, and also point out the difficulties of the city in the construction of sponge city. Nowadays, the city must make clear its optimization direction, methods and principles in the transformation of rainwater system, and the optimization and transformation of rainwater system can also improve the construction progress of sponge city faster. The optimization and application of rainwater system can lay a solid foundation for the construction of sponge city.

Exploration of waterlogging regulation path in the cities on the Loess Tableland in Northwest China based on the concept of Sponge City: a case study of Qingyang City in Gansu Province, a pilot city of National Sponge Cities

Exploration of waterlogging regulation path in the cities on the Loess Tableland in Northwest China based on the concept of Sponge City: a case study of Qingyang City in Gansu Province, a pilot city of National Sponge Cities

Rainfall runoff features of permeable sidewalk pavement

AbstractIn urban areas, the buildings and pavements make it hard for rainwater to infiltrate into the ground. The hardened underlaying sub-crust has increased the total rainfall runoff, pushing up the peak flood flow. Drawing on the construction concept of sponge city, this paper probes deep into the materials in each layer of permeable pavement for sidewalks. Specifically, a runoff model was constructed for sidewalk pavements under rainfall conditions through numerical simulation and model testing. Using the precipitation pattern of Qingdao, China, several combinations of materials were subject to rainfall simulations, revealing how each permeable pavement controls and affects the surface runoff. The results show that the permeability of surface course and sub-crust directly bear on the starting time, peak flow, total runoff and runoff time of sub-catchment runoff; and the latter has a greater impact than the former on sub-catchment runoff.