Systematic Application of Sponge City Facilities at Community Scale Based on SWMM

Yu Jiang,Shuoxin Zhang,Ling Qiu,Tian Gao

doi:10.3390/w14040591

Abstract

In the context of global climate change, many countries have taken corresponding measures to cope with the stormwater problems in urbanization. The Chinese government introduced the concept of Sponge City to improve the urban water ecological security, which is a systematic project. Taking the urban community as our research object, we studied the combination application of LID (low-impact development) measures and retention ponds in the community and then discussed the practicability of the systematic application of Sponge City facilities in the construction of community drainage systems. There are four simulation scenarios in SWMM (stormwater management model): traditional drainage scenario, LID scenario, retention pond scenario, and LID-retention pond scenario. By comparing the effects of different facilities on runoff and outflow under the six return periods of 1a, 2a, 5a, 10a, 20a, and 50a, we find that LID measures have evident effects on runoff and outflow reduction. Still, they are greatly affected by the return period. The retention pond has no noticeable impact on runoff, but it reduces the peak value of outflow and is less affected by the return period. The combination of LID and retention pond can combine their advantages, reduce the peak flow rate of the site stably and relieve the pressure of the urban drainage system. This study provides a basis for the graded implementation of Sponge City, especially for community-scale rainwater regulation.

Highlights

Urban stormwater management has become a global problem
Taking the Airport Garden Community as an example, this study explores methods of realizing systematic allocation of Sponge City at the community scale to relieve the pressure of the urban drainage system and improve the city’s resilience
The focus of this study is to reconstruct the local low impact development (LID) facilities combined with the original stormwater pipe network in the study area and how to introduce the regulation and storage tank in the community park to improve the overall elasticity of the community

Summary

Introduction

Urban stormwater management has become a global problem. In the urbanization process, the increase of underlying impervious surfaces has brought water quality and quantity issues exacerbated by extreme rainfall events caused by climate change, complicating urban runoff management [1]. Many countries have taken measures to achieve sustainable stormwater management to deal with urban stormwater problems caused by urbanization. Since the 1970s, many developed countries, such as the United States, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, Australia, and other countries, have developed sustainable stormwater management ideas [2]. [3], the water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in Australia [4], the best management practices (BMPs), the low impact development (LID), and the green infrastructure (G.I.) in the United States [5]. Some countries have put forward regulations on stormwater management to promote the development of sustainable rainwater measures, such as the German Federal Water Act (Wasserhaushaltsgesetz, WHG) that came into force in 2010 (WHG 2009) [6], and the law for promoting rainwater utilization of Japan in 2014 [7]. The WSUD in Australia coordinates the relationship between land use, multi-water cycle, and stormwater system from urban planning and urban design to improve urban elasticity

Methods

Results

Conclusion