Concept Of Spillover Research Articles

On spillovers in economic evaluations: definition, mapping review and research agenda

An important issue in economic evaluations is determining whether all relevant impacts are considered, given the perspective chosen for the analysis. Acknowledging that patients are not isolated individuals has important implications in this context. Increasingly, the term “spillovers” is used to label consequences of health interventions on others. However, a clear definition of spillovers is lacking, and as a result, the scope of the concept remains unclear. In this study, we aim to clarify the concept of spillovers by proposing a definition applicable in health economic evaluations. To illustrate the implications of this definition, we highlight the diversity of potential spillovers through an expanded impact inventory and conduct a mapping review that outlines the evidence base for the different types of spillovers. In the context of economic evaluations of health interventions, we define spillovers as all impacts from an intervention on all parties or entities other than the users of the intervention under evaluation. This definition encompasses a broader range of potential costs and effects, beyond informal caregivers and family members. The expanded impact inventory enables a systematic approach to identifying broader impacts of health interventions. The mapping review shows that the relevance of different types of spillovers is context-specific. Some spillovers are regularly included in economic evaluations, although not always recognised as such, while others are not. A consistent use of the term “spillovers”, improved measurement of these costs and effects, and increased transparency in reporting them are still necessary. To that end, we propose a research agenda.

Win-win strategies for firms operating in resource-abundant countries: Technological spillovers and a collaborative diversification policy

This paper responds to the growing need to be aware of the opportunities presented by technology spillovers resulting from value co-creation supported by diversification policies in resource-abundant host countries. It examines the effects of such a policy on both the local market strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and on technological upgrades of local companies, where such policies require international oil and gas companies to build linkages to induce spillover. We argue that the effects of the policy with regard to spillovers can depend on the actors’ approach to collaboration. To suggest a theoretical foundation for such a collaborative approach, we integrate the value co-creation perspective with the concept of spillovers. The resulting approach is based on win-win strategies: the internationalization of the resource sector, and a shift towards the provision of service-based economy aid in an attempt to develop opportunities for sustainable operations on the part of multinationals in resource-abundant host countries. The development of local capabilities resulting from technological spillovers can enable local businesses to have access to international expertise in technology, create strategic opportunities and introduce long-term benefits for both local and international companies. This study adopts an abductive method as the basis for logical reasoning, employing an analysis of multilevel longitudinal case studies based on interviews with experts and multiple sources of industry documentation.

Measurement and compensation of spillover effect in underwater acoustic sensor networks during target localization

Localization in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) depends critically on the mobility pattern of the topology as well as the target node. Prior literature has attempted to localize static as well as dynamic sensors. However, unintentional movement of the sensor network introduces localization errors which add up cumulatively and disrupt the normal functioning of an underwater sensor network. In the present work, the concept of spillover has been defined to denote these unintentional movements. The genesis of spillover has been discussed with respect to the signal model. A theorem is proposed to describe the consequence of spillover on the UWASN. The problem of spillover is quantified mathematically. The loss of localization performance due to the spillover effect is then measured with the formulation of a control function which incorporates delay time. To mitigate the losses, a spillover compensation (SoC) algorithm is proposed. SoC utilizes a discretization technique to reduce the variance of sensor position and to enhance localization accuracy. It improves the performance of localization by at least 23.15% and reduces the localization error by 31% up to 600 m. Through a series of computations using parameters such as root mean square (RMS) positioning error and RMS velocity error, the theoretical findings are verified and compared with standard techniques. Diversity in deployment scenarios is taken care of using variance and sensor speed. The proposed technique shall be useful to create spillover-aware systems in underwater cybernetic localization and UWASNs in general.

The effect of institutional memory on the diffusion of wind energy

Memories of past experiences are at the heart of innovation processes, yet because they are difficult to operationalize, their role in the renewable energy transition remains elusive. Applying the concept of spillover to operationalize institutional memory, the current study addresses this problem for the first time. It examines how different actors in a planning institution in Israel reached decisions regarding 22 new wind projects by focusing on institutional memory as an explanatory variable. Our findings indicate that planning institutions relied on institutional memory to make decisions regarding contentious issues. Furthermore, they suggest that actors use institutional memories strategically to shape nascent rules and regulations in the regulatory vacuum of an emerging market. Employing machine learning methods to study the effect of institutional memory on the diffusion of wind energy opens up new research avenues in the dynamics of unfolding diffusion processes.

Understanding the rise of sexual violence in India

There is a sharp rise in sexual violence against women and girls over the last decade in India. The 2015–2017 National Crimes Records Bureau (NCRB) data suggest that the rise in sexual violence in different states in India ranges between 30–95 per cent. Though there are several literatures to understand and explain the phenomenon of sexual violence, there are dimensions of sexual violence that remain unexplored leading to substantive knowledge gaps. The article attempts to examine the knowledge gaps and understand the phenomenon of rise in sexual violence. It discusses relevance of patriarchal dominance theory and social disintegration theory to explain the phenomenon. The article concludes that patriarchal dominance theory is the basis for understanding the deep-rooted causes of gender violence as exemplified by rising instances of sexual violence. However, the cultural spillover concept, where the general acquiescence to public violence as illustrated in the high number of elected officials with criminal records, or a corporate decision to make free data accessible to 90 per cent of India’s population by 2017 shows discernable links with the rise in sexual violence.

Spillover in Heterogeneous Catalysis: New Insights and Opportunities

Spillover is a well-known phenomenon in heterogeneous catalysis and is involved in many important reactions. The establishment of the spillover concept opened up a new research field for an in-dept...

Linking the Creative Economy with Universities’ Entrepreneurship: A Spillover Approach

In recent years the importance of the creative economy has also characterised the international higher-education sector through specialised education, research and entrepreneurship. In this paper I apply and discuss the concept of spillovers as a relevant theoretical framework to understand and foster the value generated by university programs in the creative economy. After introducing the main concepts of spillovers in relation to innovation and growth, I discuss the recent developments in the research on spillovers applied to the arts, culture, and creativity. Through a contextualised model of academic creative economy, the analysis is combined with that on knowledge spillovers in higher education and universities’ third mission, to fill a research gap that still exists in creative economy programs and their potential to generate creative spillovers. The study further integrates some more recent literature on university spillovers, which can provide useful methodological suggestions especially oriented toward internalising and enabling positive creative spillovers, in particular in an urban context.

CROSS‐SECTIONAL DEPENDENCE AND SPILLOVERS IN SPACE AND TIME: WHERE SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS AND GLOBAL VAR MODELS MEET

AbstractTo enhance the measurement of economic and financial spillovers, we bring together the spatial and global vector autoregressive (GVAR) classes of econometric models by providing a detailed methodological review where they meet in terms of structure, interpretation, and estimation. We discuss the structure of connectivity (weight) matrices used by these models and its implications for estimation. To anchor our work within the dynamic literature on spillovers, we define a general yet measurable concept of spillovers. We formalize it analytically through the indirect effects used in the spatial literature and impulse responses used in the GVAR literature. Finally, we propose a practical step‐by‐step approach for applied researchers who need to account for the existence and strength of cross‐sectional dependence in the data. This approach aims to support the selection of the appropriate modeling and estimation method and of choices that represent empirical spillovers in a clear and interpretable form.

PNS23 THE USE OF QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGIES TO INFORM SPILLOVER ASSESSMENTS IN ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS

Traditional health economic evaluations of spillover effects are mostly empiric-based assessments of family or informal caregiving based on preference-based measurements. This concept paper explored the term “spillover” used in various academic disciplines and advocates for the use of qualitative methodologies to assess and expand the concept of spillovers in health economic assessments. We used Walker and Avant’s (2005) conceptual analysis approach to understand the various definitions, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of spillovers used across disciplines. Google Scholar, PubMed, and OvidMedline databases were searched. We assess the use of qualitative methodologies to date and explore how spillover effects can be best examined through a mixed-method approach. A review of 15 identified articles and white papers revealed that the concept “spillover” is used in sociology, psychology, business/innovation, and economics. Most spillovers in health economics research narrowly assess informal/ family caregiving, while other disciplines consider innovation and learning spillovers, productivity/human capital spillovers, and health care market spillovers. The fields of sociology and psychology employ mixed-methods, qualitative approaches to understand spillovers, while economic-based analyses focus on regression-based analyses, discrete event simulation, and other quantitative-based approaches. The concept of spillovers in health economics research must be expanded beyond family carers to include health care organizational spillovers inclusive of various stakeholders impacted by health care-related interventions. Qualitative methodologies must be used to inform mixed-method health economic evaluations of spillovers beyond traditional family/informal carer domains to include frontline healthcare clinicians, and other relevant entities impacted by healthcare interventions.

The Role of Personality Profiles in the Longitudinal Relationship between Work–Related Well–Being and Life Satisfaction among Working Adults in Switzerland

Drawing on the concept of spillover between work and life domains and using a person–centred approach, the present study examined the role of Big Five personality trait profiles in moderating the relationship between work–related well–being and life satisfaction over a 1–year period in a sample of working adults in Switzerland ( N = 1204). Latent profile analysis was first carried out to derive and compare alternative latent personality profile models. Subsequently, a two–wave cross–lagged structural equation model using three personality profiles (resilient, average, and oversensitive) as moderators was tested. Work stress and job satisfaction were used as negative and positive indicators of work–related well–being. The results showed that in the overall sample, only Time 1 life satisfaction predicted Time 2 job satisfaction. We found a moderating role for the personality profiles, where the effect of Time 1 work stress on Time 2 life satisfaction became salient in the oversensitive profile, while a significant effect of Time 1 life satisfaction on Time 2 work stress was found in the resilient profile. The current study showed that different combinations of personality traits may determine the way in which work–related well–being and general well–being relate to each other. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

The Constant Caregiver: Work–family Spillover among Men and Women in Nursing

Work–family spillover is a central concept in the work and occupations literature, with prior research detailing its negative outcomes and gendered dimensions. With increased demands for careworkers and more men entering occupations such as nursing, we examine experiences and perceptions of spillover using qualitative data from a diverse sample of 48 US nurses. We find similarities across men and women in terms of exhaustion and stress as well as in anticipating spillover in their careers. Yet, we also find some differences, with men (but not women) highlighting the transfer of emotional capital between work and family. We extend work–family research by broadening the concept of spillover to include its anticipation and the transfer of emotional capital – both aspects that have been previously under-examined. These findings have implications for the retention and support of careworkers and refine the concept of spillover in ways that could apply to various employment sectors.

Spillovers in Space and Time: Where Spatial Econometrics and Global VAR Models Meet

We bring together the spatial and global vector autoregressive (GVAR) classes of econometric models by providing a detailed methodological review of where they meet in terms of structure, interpretation, and estimation methods. We discuss the structure of cross-section connectivity (weight) matrices used by these models and its implications for estimation. Primarily motivated by the continuously expanding literature on spillovers, we define a broad and measurable concept of spillovers. We formalize it analytically through the indirect effects used in the spatial literature and impulse responses used in the GVAR literature. Finally, we propose a practical step-by-step approach for applied researchers who need to account for the existence and strength of cross-sectional dependence in the data. This approach aims to support the selection of the appropriate modeling and estimation method and of choices that represent empirical spillovers in a clear and interpretable form.

Liberal Intergovernmentalism, spillover and supranational immigration policy

That the Lisbon Treaty lays the foundation for a supranational asylum and immigration policy is surprising, even more so for Liberal Intergovernmentalism (LI), whose founder Andrew Moravcsik predicts that no such development will take place. While the article uses LI as its point of departure, it shows that it runs into problems with regards to the policy area of asylum and immigration. The article therefore turns to the (neo-)functionalist concept of spillover. While working with the concept, it was deemed necessary to create a more coherent typology of different spillovers. The article suggests that the concept of spillover may be both descriptive and explanatory. With regards to descriptive spillover, it seems valuable to differentiate between widening and deepening spillovers, but concerning explanatory spillovers, more options became visible: there are unintended or intended functional spillovers, as well as unintended political, cultivated and social spillovers. The argument is illustrated through a detailed study of Sweden – a ‘reluctant European’ that within the area of asylum and immigration made a fundamental U-turn with regards to a supranationalism, a change that can be described as a social spillover.

Spill-Over Effects on Bimetallic Pt/Ru(0001) Surfaces

The concept of spill-over of adsorbed species has a long tradition in Heterogeneous Catalysis and has been explored also for adsorption on bimetallic surfaces, in particular by the Goodman group. In the present paper, we report results of a comprehensive temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy study on spill-over effects in the adsorption and desorption of CO on structurally well defined bimetallic Pt/Ru(0001) surfaces, where part of the substrate is covered by monolayer Pt islands. While upon adsorption at 90 K, the mobility of COad molecules on the surface is very limited, it is activated when the adlayer is annealed to 150 K or, more directly, if CO exposure is done at 150 K or higher temperatures. This enables diffusion of COad molecules to the Pt free Ru(0001) areas, even at local COad coverages which preclude further adsorption from the gas phase on the Ru parts of the surface. Spill-over processes are shown to have significant impact on the TPD spectra; furthermore they provide an additional adsorption channel for adsorption on the bare Ru(0001) areas, allowing uptake of CO at local coverages where adsorption from the gas phase is precluded. This indicates that the apparent CO saturation coverage of 0.68 ML determined for direct adsorption on Ru(0001) under UHV conditions is limited by kinetics rather than thermodynamics. The data are discussed in comparison with results and interpretations in earlier studies, which indicate that these effects are not limited to the Pt/Ru(0001) surface, but may be found on a wide range of bimetallic systems.

Spatial Spillovers and Regional Growth: A Cognitive Approach

Spatial spillover effects are widely studied in the literature, as an important source of externality and therefore of discrepancy between private and social optimum, creating the emergence for ad-hoc policy interventions. Within the literature, their spatially-bounded nature is highly emphasised, but the mechanisms for their spatial diffusion are generally considered as a black box, with no reference to territorialized channels through which these externalities spread around. The study aims to present a literature review on the spatial spillover concept, emphasising two main stages of reflection, the so-called spatial approach and the functional approach. This work identifies in a third approach, the cognitive approach, a new perspective to the interpretation of spatial spillovers and their conditions, and on this approach it elaborates theoretically and empirically. The main assumption is that the capabilities of economic agents to absorb and utilize spillovers—implicitly assumed by the spatial spillover theory to be invariant with respect to space—in reality highly depend on strongly territorialized and un-imitable assets, such as local trust, sense of belonging and creativity. This assumption is tested empirically on all NUTS 2 of the 27 European member countries, thanks to a regional forecasting growth model developed by the author, called MASST.

Mechanistic Pathways for Olefin Hydroisomerization and Aromatization in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline Hydro-upgrading

The reactivities of model hydrocarbons (n-paraffins, i-paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics) typical for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline were investigated over a Ni−Mo/modified HZSM-5 + Al2O3 catalyst. Olefins had the highest reactivity and were unidirectionally converted into molecules of the other groups, especially i-paraffins and aromatics. On the basis of the results, a reaction mechanism was proposed for olefin hydroisomerization and aromatization in the presence of excess hydrogen. During the olefin hydroisomerization and aromatization, the initial adsorption sites of the olefins are the acid sites rather than the metal sites of the bifunctional catalyst. The olefin hydroisomerization reaction is in accordance with the hydrogen spillover concept. The function of the metal sites is to dissociate hydrogen molecules into active H ions, and the acid sites are the reaction sites. The olefin aromatization in the presence of hydrogen occurs through diene and cyclo-olefin intermediates by ...

The Role of Romantic Relationships on Athletes’ Performance and Well-Being

Guided by the work-family interface literature, this study examined the concept of spillover in a sample of elite athletes. It was conceptualized that there would be potential negativity and interference between athletes’ intense demands of competitive sport and efforts to maintain positive relationships with their partners. Antecedents and consequences of the potential spillover phenomenon were assessed in a sample of 87 elite-level athletes who had either romantic or marital, heterosexual relationships. Findings indicated that while trust, commitment, and communication were not strongly related to spillover, negative transactions were. Moreover, the occurrence of spillover was negatively related to sport satisfaction and positively to depressive symptoms. Finally, it was found that a mechanism by which perceived negative transactions were linked to athletes’ satisfaction and depression was through spillover. Spillover can help explain how personal relationships and sport are likely to contribute to athletes’ performance accomplishment and overall well-being.

Daily Transmission of Tensions between Marital Dyads and Parent-Child Dyads

This study examines how tension is transmitted between the marital dyad and the parent-child dyad on a day-to-day basis and explores how stable and changing aspects of the family moderate this process of tension spillover. Mothers and fathers (n = 117 couples) separately completed a short diary questionnaire that included a checklist of common daily stressful experiences on each of 42 consecutive days. Hierarchical generalized linear models showed that both mothers and fathers were more likely to have tense interactions with their children on days when there had been some marital tension the previous day. On days when fathers experienced other stressors, such as work overloads or home demands, they were more than twice as likely to experience tension spillover than on stressfree days. Fathers also reported more spillover when their wives were working full-time. In families with adolescents in the house, mothers had more tension spillover Key Words: conflict, daily diary, emotions, marital relations, parent-child relations, spillover. Family and developmental theorists often highlight the interrelatedness of the wife-husband relationship and the parent-child relationship (Belsky, 1990; Parke & Tinsley, 1987). Indeed, several studies have documented that positive parent-child relations are not easily achieved in the face of marital discord. (For a review, see Erel & Burman, 1995.) One explanation for these findings is that negative emotions in one family relationship are likely to transfer to other family relationships. This type of emotional transmission has been referred to as spillover. Spillover takes place when there is a direct transfer of mood, affect, or behavior from one setting to another (Bolger, DeLongis, Kessler, & Wethington, 1989; Repetti, 1987). Although the concept of spillover often has been used to describe the interplay between family and work settings (Crouter, 1984; Staines, 1980), we address a spillover process that involves the transmission of conflict or tense interaction between two family subsystems, the parent-child dyad and the marital dyad. ANALYSIS OF SPILLOVER AT THE FAMILY LEVEL We focus on spillover at the family level of analysis, and we draw not only on theory developed from observations of family systems, but also from empirical research based on the ecological perspective (e.g., Repetti & Wood, 1997). The ecological perspective (Bronfenbrenner, 1989) posits that stressors and other emotionally arousing events outside the family (e.g., work) and inside the family affect individuals and family relationships through the spillover of tension (Brown & Harris, 1978; Margolin, Christensen, & John, 1996). Children, in their interaction with parents, often are the recipients of spillover (Greenberger, O'Neil, & Nagel, 1995). Stressors from outside and inside the family raise demands for adaptation in parents, which may lead to marital tension. This tension then may lead to negative interactions with children. We specifically examine the spillover of tension from one dyad to another. From this perspective, tensions in a particular family subsystem are stressors that lead to additional problems in another family subsystem. Empirical evidence directly documenting spillover effects, however, is not extensive. In an observational study of mothers and children, Repetti and Wood (1997) report that, on average, mothers experiencing stressful work days are more likely to withdraw (become less responsive) than to display irritation with their children. In an earlier study, Repetti (1994) found a similar pattern of withdrawal for fathers coping with job demands. Although emotional withdrawal is not a neutral family behavior (i.e., withdrawal, if persistent, can have negative consequences), it is generally not as immediately detrimental to the emotional state of others as conflict (Bolger, DeLongis, Kessler, & Schilling, 1989). The probability of parent-to-child spillover most likely varies according to the source and the severity of the stressor, as well as other personal and contextual factors. …

The PHARE programme and the concept of spillover: neofunctionalism in the making

This article argues that neofunctionalism has been wrongly underestimated and widely neglected in recent years. It suggests that neofunctionalism can be developed in a meaningful way to explain the emergence of PHARE as well as the decision-making structures and dynamics shaping the programme. A number of subsidiary neofunctionalist contributions have been largely ignored, and many of the recent partial theories either reconfirm neofunctionalist hypotheses or provide useful insights for their revision and development. This analysis aims to upgrade underestimated neofunctionalist assumptions, such as externalization, engrenage and task expansion, as well as to extend the current understanding of neofunctionalism by incorporating the mediating role of the Presidency and the phenomenon of epistemic communities into the theory. The findings of this study challenge those of Haggard and Moravcsik's analysis of the political economy of financial assistance to Eastern Europe. Apart from refuting the conclusions of their case study, this article challenges Moravcsik's approach more generally.

The European Union, expansion of policy-making, and defense industrial policy

While the Treaty of Rome allowed member states to establish policies governing the trade in and production of armaments at the national level, the European Union (EU) has gradually been expanding its influence in defense industry matters. This article traces the history of EU involvement in defense industrial policy, with an emphasis on events over the past decade. One significant finding is that the European Commission and Parliament have played key roles in expanding the EU's policy-making machinery to include defense industrial matters, while the Council of Ministers has tried to resist such actions. A second important conclusion is that the concept of spillover is particularly appropriate in describing how and why the EU's policy-making has expanded to include defense industrial policies.