Abstract
In recent years the importance of the creative economy has also characterised the international higher-education sector through specialised education, research and entrepreneurship. In this paper I apply and discuss the concept of spillovers as a relevant theoretical framework to understand and foster the value generated by university programs in the creative economy. After introducing the main concepts of spillovers in relation to innovation and growth, I discuss the recent developments in the research on spillovers applied to the arts, culture, and creativity. Through a contextualised model of academic creative economy, the analysis is combined with that on knowledge spillovers in higher education and universities’ third mission, to fill a research gap that still exists in creative economy programs and their potential to generate creative spillovers. The study further integrates some more recent literature on university spillovers, which can provide useful methodological suggestions especially oriented toward internalising and enabling positive creative spillovers, in particular in an urban context.
Highlights
IntroductionCreativity has risen in the list of skills needed for the future that the
Entrepreneurship: A SpilloverIn recent years, creativity has risen in the list of skills needed for the future that theWorld Economic Forum publishes periodically: from 10th place in 2015 to third place in2020
If we look at Times’s 2020 world general ranking, just among the top 100 universities worldwide, more than 10 universities have developed education programs, research centres, or spinoffs specialised in the creative economy
Summary
Creativity has risen in the list of skills needed for the future that the. For its interdisciplinarity, the academic creative economy can spill over onto the university territorial context by means of increasingly dedicated forms of university entrepreneurship or the third mission (TM), contributing to regional socio-economic and cultural development, substantial and specialised skills and employment, technology transfer, competitiveness, and smart specialisation, where these forms can be more or less formalised and structured, as so far few studied examples indicate This is the case, for instance, of cooperation activities between HEIs and the arts, culture and creative industries. By clustering with similar firms, a company can take advantage of a number of potential knowledge spillovers, such as the division of labour, or the exchanges of input (logistical spillovers), expertise (easier access to a labour market that is more dynamic), or information (i.e., more innovative) [18,19,20,21] When these effects occur between firms of a same industry, they make the case for specialisation in agglomeration. Capturing spillovers is necessary in studying the relation between clustering and innovation, and in other fields, such as in finance—e.g., volatility effects in financial markets [36], health—e.g., the effects of insurance subsidies [37], (local) economic development projects—e.g., traffic congestion [38], and urban regeneration and the arts [39]—e.g., spatial spillovers in public subsidies for the arts [40]
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