Concept Of Social Security Research Articles

Women and Social Security in Iraq

Abstract The concept of social security has turned into a dream that everyone seeks in most parts of the world, such as the countries of the Middle East, especially Iraq. Due to successive wars and the collapse of political systems one after another, this led to instability, and the concept of social security became a question that everyone tries to answer and search for ways to reach. Therefore, in this research, I studied the concept of social security, its origins and development in the West, as well as the emergence of the concept and how to address it in Islamic countries, and focused on the concept of social security in Iraq. The concept of social security and its related notions to the status of women in Middle Eastern countries were also studied. The comparative analytical method was used to study this concept. The results revealed that the concept of social security has developed significantly to include numerous dimensions and is applied in various fields. The concept has also developed from simply searching for security and safety to laws that are applied in social security.

Administrative and legal aspect of the objectivation of connection of the social state with the necessity to ensure the social protection needs through the prism of the concept of social security

Administrative and legal aspect of the objectivation of connection of the social state with the necessity to ensure the social protection needs through the prism of the concept of social security

ANALYTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF SOCIAL SECURITY DEVELOPMENT IN REGIONS OF UKRAINE

The article examines the phenomenon of social security and the problems of social security in modern conditions from the point of view of various branches of science and practical application. A study of Ukrainian and international legal documents determining the global spread of the concept of social security was conducted. The acuteness of social challenges and problems requires the search for effective tools for measuring the level of social security with the aim of timely coordinated actions of authorities to increase its level both at the state and regional levels. The purpose of the article is to adapt the methodological approach to measuring social security for its use at the regional level. The object of research is the process of formation and development of the concept of social security. The subject of the study is the measurement of social security in the regions of Ukraine. The following general and special scientific methods were used in the research: the method of structural-logical analysis - to build the logic and structure of the research; the method of analysis and synthesis - to identify the peculiarities of the existing approaches to the measurement of social security; methods of economic and statistical analysis and the method of grouping - for studying the current state and trends in the development of social security at the regional level; methods of secondary data analysis - to study the current state and trends in the development of social security at the regional level, etc. The main results of the study are: adaptation of the methodological approach to the measurement of social security to its use at the regional level; evaluation of the value of the index of social security on the example of the regions of Ukraine; construction of a scale for a more detailed qualitative interpretation of the level of social security. The proposed method of diagnosing the development of social protection in the regions of Ukraine allowed to determine the objective level of social protection of the largest cities of Ukraine and to provide recommendations for increasing the level of social protection.

A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF WHETHER BENEFITS PROVIDED FOR IN COIDA FALL WITHIN THE AMBIT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO ACCESS SOCIAL SECURITY PROTECTED IN SECTION 27(1)(c) OF THE CONSTITUTION

The right to access social security is a constitutionally entrenched right. Section 27(1)(c) of the Constitution provides that everyone has the right to social security, including, if they are unable to support themselves and their dependants, appropriate social assistance. Apart from the concept of social security being inclusive of social assistance, neither the term “social security” nor the term “social assistance” is defined. Conventionally, social security has been regarded as a broad term comprising two primary pillars, namely social insurance and social assistance. Social insurance takes the form of earnings-based insurance schemes, which provide protection against risks such as unemployment and employment injuries. On the other hand, social assistance is synonymous with social grants, which are non-contributory and are provided by the State to categories of society that are in need. Notwithstanding this conventional understanding of social security, the recent Constitutional Court decision in Mahlangu v Minister of Labour found it necessary to engage with the question of whether compensation payable in terms of the Compensational for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act (COIDA) fell within the ambit of the constitutional right to access social security. The majority and minority judgments differed in this respect. The majority found that COIDA benefits constituted a form of social security, but that they fell within the ambit of social assistance. The minority contrarily held that such benefits were not encompassed within the constitutional right to access social security. As both the majority and minority deviated from the conventional understanding of the definition of social security, the focus of this article is to evaluate the ambit of the constitutional right to social security, specifically whether it encompasses benefits payable in terms of COIDA. The conclusion reached is that COIDA benefits are encompassed within the constitutional right to access social security, as it constitutes a form of social insurance. Therefore, as highlighted in this article, the legal principles articulated by both the majority and minority were flawed.

The Foundations and Principles of Social Security in Islamic Education Based on the Destinations Vision

This study aimed to uncover the foundations and principles of social security in Islamic education in a manner consistent with the intended vision, by researching seven pillars, and the principles related to them, divided into four sections, as follows: The first topic: the divine pillar of the Islamic community and the center of moderation, moderation, and principles included for each of them, the second topic: the basis for social cohesion and the foundation for social justice and the principles contained in each of them, the third topic: the basis for collective volunteer work and the basis for social responsibility and the principles included for each of them, the fourth topic: the basis for social ethics and the principles contained in it. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher followed the descriptive and analytical approaches. The study concluded that the principles of social security represent a set of practical applications that express the vivid and realistic translation of the concept of social security in its best form and loftiest meanings, and these principles are based on a set of Islamic educational constants and foundations, which constitute the theoretical principles and foundations, which are based on the principles of Islamic law. And proceed in the light of Islamic educational directives.

The effect of social security spending on economic growth in selected EU candidate countries

The concept of social security – a contemporary, global norm – and the accompanying public expenditures are the products of a search for security against the dangers that may be faced by individuals in society. Social security spending is affected by social changes, including employment policies, labour supply, family and social structures. Countries give greater importance to social security spending for the sustainability of economic growth. This study analyses and evaluates the impact of social security spending in Turkey, Serbia, North Macedonia and Albania, which are within the scope of European Union enlargement policy, on economic growth in the 1996-2020 period. Panel data analysis was made using the growth rate of gross domestic product per capita, the population growth rate, the corruption index, contribution data on social spending and the Arellano and Bover / Blundell and Bond System Generalized Method of Moments estimator were taken into account. We conclude that social security spending positively affects economic growth and, in this context, it is in line with the theory put forward by Keynes.

СУЩНОСТНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬЮ

The article considered the theoretical aspects of the concept of social security, also identified groups of threats to social security, their types and characteristics, assessment indicators and their threshold values. The following research methods were used in the article: analysis of modern scientific literature by Russian and foreign authors, focused on the essential aspects of social security. The purpose of this study is to study the essential aspects of social security management. 17 scientific articles in the field of social security management were analyzed. The study highlights the factors of social security of the state: an effective mechanism for regulating social institutions; economic independence of the state; the constant growth of the country's economy and the stability of improving the quality of life of the population; human development; meeting the material, social and spiritual needs of citizens, reducing the level of social and property inequality of the population, primarily due to the growth of its income. A grouping of threats to social security has been compiled, including: incorrect decisions of political leaders and government institutions; instability of the life of society and the state due to national contradictions; actions of political movements and parties that provoke violations of human rights and freedoms; threats arising from violations of the provisions of the Constitution; strengthening of the criminal situation in the state; threats to the health of the population of the country; economic threats. The indicators for assessing threats to social security are presented and it is concluded that the more indicators for measuring social security are presented and the more accurately the weight of each indicator is indicated, the more accurately the level of social security can be calculated.

Reflecting on the past, present, and future of social security systems in Africa with specific reference to selected countries

The concept of social security is not a new phenomenon to sub-Saharan Africa. Before the introduction of formal social security systems, local communities had their own unique traditional ways of protecting their members from the hazards and vicissitude of life. This paper provides an overview of social security in sub-Saharan Africa. Arguably, high unemployment in the region has contributed towards the rise of the informal sector. Nevertheless, this sector has been precluded from the existing formal social security arrangements. Through an extensive and systematic review of literature on social security, it was established that existing formal social security systems in sub-Saharan Africa are fragmented and lack inclusivity. The findings revealed that the majority of the population is excluded from formal social security schemes because they work in the informal sector. However, the existing formal social security schemes are generally labour-centred and state-regulated. The recommendations include the transformation of existing social security measures to include the informal sector and other vulnerable groups. In light of the low coverage, the social security narrative needs to be revisited. There is a need to integrate and synchronise existing formal social security strategies with traditional social security arrangements in the region.

THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSING THE SOCIAL SECURITY OF THE REGION

The subject of research in the article is the theoretical foundations of the formation and development of the category of social security in the region. The purpose of the work is to analyze the preconditions for the formation of social security, to reveal the chronology of the formation of the concept of social security from the standpoint of international experience and to conduct an etymological, morphological analysis of the concept of social security. The article solves the following tasks: to investigate the theoretical aspects of the formation of the concept of social security, to determine the features and main directions of its development; to substantiate the expediency the approaches to social security; to conduct an etymological analysis of the concept of social security. The following methods are used: method of analysis and synthesis, classification-analytical method, abstract-logical method, historical-retrospective analysis and generalization. The following results were obtained: the definitions of foreign and Ukrainian scientists were systematized, morphological analysis was implemented, which made it possible to determine theoretical and methodological signs of this concept. The components of social security were justified: the macro level, the mesoroven and the micro level. The key ideas of the concept of social security, which are embedded in international and state normative legal acts, are identified. It has been proved that the reflection of the provisions of the concept of social security in international documents has influenced the practical implementation of developments in social policy around the world. The study of social security levels made it possible to distinguish the micro level, or personal level of human security. Based on the concept of social security, trends and results of social and economic processes are determined, while combining a system of goals, objectives, destabilizing and stabilizing factors of the external and internal environment. Conclusions: The analysis of social security has proved the need to focus the attention of the State on issues of social protection, namely interests, freedoms, preservation and development of human potential, ensuring a decent and high standard of living, regardless of age, gender, income level of the population. To assess the level and state of social security, it is proposed to use instrumental, situational, static, process, systemic and functional approaches. The concept of social security is complemented by modern studies of human capital, human development, and regional economy.

AZƏRBAYCANDA ƏHALİNİN SOSİAL SIĞORTASI

Throughout history, people have felt the need to secure themselves and their families against possible risks in their lives. These demands developed the concept of social security and brought up the social rights to be offered to people. In every society, states form an integrity of practices aimed at meeting the basic needs of their citizens. The concept of social security includes many applications, from all kinds of rights related to health expenses from birth to death, to the rights during the periods they work and retire. Since having healthy individuals is the most important issue in the development of societies, the health rights offered take the first place in social security. Countries should make very good planning in the health services they provide. Since healthcare services also require a serious financial resource, when societies are examined, they continuously improve themselves, make reforms, and try other country model applications to meet their health needs from the first day until today. Keywords: insurance, Azerbaijan, social, economy

The practice of social security in black Africa; a shadow of the real concept: The Cameroonian transcript

Social security is a corner stone for the socio-economic and even political development of many countries in the world today. Developed countries like Germany, Britain and many western countries have developed and made use of theories propounded by founders of the concept of social security like Otto von Bismarck and Lord Beveridge to develop their societies. But the unfortunate thing is that all along their stay in Africa, these colonial powers did not border to institute and impregnate Africans with the concept, thus, living Africans completely ignorant of the concept of social security. Studies have proven that the application of this concept in Africa, especially south of the Sahara is still a nightmare. Africans are unable to put into place a veritable social security scheme, yet most of them aspire to emerge by 2035. With the example of Cameroon, the causes of this failure are attributed to the colonial masters and poor governance in post-colonial Africa. As a remedy to this situation, results of this research demand that African governments must show prove of good governance and elaborate an inclusive social protection scheme. Besides, specialize United Nations agencies like the International Labour organization (ILO) and the Human Rights Commission must stand by these countries with their technical knowhow to help develop a meaningful social protection scheme in Africa. As an alert to those countries warming up for emergence, it is an illusion if the welfare of these people is not put at the center of every development action.

Social security through the prisms of civilization development forms

The article proves the relevance of the study of social security problems both at the state and local level and in relation to the individual, which is now deepened and confirmed by the low level of economic and social development of the country, high level of instability and unpredictability. The place and role of social security in the forms of civilization development are outlined on the basis of a detailed consideration of the forms of civilization progress, factors and strategic priorities inherent in each of them. The concept of social security is formed, which is based on the harmonization of factors of development and strategic priorities of sustainable, innovative, digital, proactive development, etc.; provides spiritual, intellectual, emotional, physical, environmental, economic well-being at all levels through the effective functioning of the main subject of social security – the state – through the formation of a social system, policies, projects and programs of social nature. The necessity of providing civilization progress on the basis of harmonization of contradictions, in particular, meeting public needs with limited resources is substantiated; economic development and social and environmental security; erasing borders and preserving the authenticity of peoples and culture. The article deals with social security as a state and level of development of a society, in which threats to the life of society as a whole, an individual collective, group or person can be predicted, eliminated, prevented, etc. The main criteria for such public capacity for safety are the level of knowledge, education, culture, the availability of structures, institutions, bodies that provide the necessary safe status, the available economic and resource potential, the existing social system and social policy.

Towards Adoption of a Human Rights Based Framework for Social Protection in Botswana

A clear gap in the debate on social protection in Botswana has been the lack of a thorough analysis on the human rights based framework. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the position of the government of Botswana regarding a right- based approach to social protection. The primary objective is to assess whether social protection regime in Botswana is backed by a legal framework. The paper starts by examining conceptual issues. Here we discuss the concept of social security and social protection. The next section examines international and regional instruments that have been formulated to protect the right to access social protection. Through this analysis, it will be clearly shown that although Botswana is officially committed to providing social safety nets to the poor and vulnerably, social protection is not yet entrenched in the legal framework. To arrive at this conclusion, a thorough analysis is made using the Human Rights-Based approach for social protection developed by the United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Council. In conclusion the paper provides recommendations on how Botswana can develop a sustainable human rights- based social protection framework.

IMPLEMENTASI BPJS KESEHATAN DALAM UPAYA REFORMASI JAMINAN KESEHATAN MENUJU UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARI’AH. (STUDI KASUS PADA BPJS KESEHATAN KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG)

Social security is "at-takaful al-ijtima`i" which is defined as solidarity and mutual assistance to help among communities, both individuals and collectives and the role of the state to take positive steps with Islamic motivation. This meaning is in harmony with what has been determined by Al-Qur ʻan Al-Maidah Verse (2). Islam commands the state to guarantee the collective needs of the people without distinguishing between rich and poor with halal corridors. Indonesia needs a development approach that not only pursues economic growth, but is oriented towards aspects of social protection and poverty alleviation. Social security is essentially a protection strategy to sustain and maintain economic stability. BPJS Health was formed to organize the National Health Insurance program. Social security reform is expected to reach Universal Health Covarage. This research seeks to answer and examine the formulation of the problem namely; how is the implementation of Health Insurance reform towards Universal Health Coverage in Bandar Lampung in the Shariah Economic Perspective? . This research belongs to field research and is a qualitative descriptive research. The results showed that the implementation of Health Insurance reform towards Universal Health Coverage in Bandar Lampung City was not in accordance with sharia economic principles and principles. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to conduct an academic study on the Concept of Social Security in Indonesia which is based on the perspective of Sharia Economy.

Problems of Payment of Compensations from the Funds for the Social Security

This article is devoted to the study of the concept of social security for its elements and types of compensation payments, social subsidies, maternal capital, and much more. The article presents and studies the opinions of scientists in the field of social security financing system. The relevance of this topic is not in doubt, since social payments are one of the key aspects of social support for the population. Keywords: social payment, compensation, subsidy, allowances, material support, maternal capital, financial regulation of social security, privileges. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-20-03 Publication date: July 31 st 2020

Metode Istinbath Dewan Syariah Wahdah Islamiyah dalam Menetapkan Hukum BPJS Kesehatan Mandiri

This study aimed to recognize the law of Individual Healthcare of Social Security Agency (BPJS Kesehatan Mandiri) in Islamic law by linking the fatwa of the Sharia Council of Wahdah Islamiyah regarding its legal status. This study tried to examine the flow and contract system of BPJS Kesehatan Mandiri and istinba>t method of Sharia Council of Wahdah Islamiyah in determining the law of BPJS Kesehatan Mandiri. The method in this study used qualitative research based on field research with observation, interview, and manuscript collection techniques, and descriptive analysis in summarizing research findings. The results found were as follows: First, the concept of social security prescribed in Islam to actualize ta’a>wun, tada>mun, or taka>ful is the concept of insurance conducted in a way a tabarru’ agreement is there, that is a form of contract which is conducted with the aim of goodness and helping each other. Second, BPJS Kesehatan is a public legal entity that is responsible for providing social security for the entire community based on Law No. 40 of 2004 and Law No. 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Organizing Agenc Third, the istinba>t method of the Wahdah Islamiyah Sharia Council is based on the Qur'an, Sunna, Ijmak and Qiya>s. Fourth, the recommendations from istinba>t of Sharia Council of Wahdah Islamiyah regarding the ideas and concepts of social security are that it is not a problem, however the flow and contract system are not yet in accordance with the sharia. Fifth, the recommendations of istinba>t results of Sharia Council of Wahdah Islamiyah regarding the existence of BPJS Kesehatan are that it is needed by Indonesian people, then it is not difficult to make social insurance based on sharia rules, if this is not possible, then the community should be given a choice to choose an insurance in accordance with sharia principles.

Principle of parity of social insurance management funds as a guarantee for the implementation of the insured persons 'rights

Introduction. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the necessity for scientific research in determining the level of implementation of the principle of parity management of social insurance funds, as well as the next stage of reforming the social insurance system and a departure from the principle of parity management of social insurance funds. The aim of the article is to make some proposals for the sustainable functioning of the principle of parity in the management of social insurance funds, which will contribute to guaranteeing the realization of the rights of the insured in the field of social insurance. Results. The National System of Social Insurance Principles was laid down in the Concept of Social Security for the Population. Among the general principles of social insurance in the Concept was highlighted the principle of autonomy of managing the activity of social insurance funds on the principles of social partnership and self-government under state control. Subsequently, undergoing certain transformations, but not changing the essence, this principle was changed to the principle of parity of management of social insurance funds. The analysis of the current legislation and law enforcement practice shows the implementation in practice of the principle of parity management of social insurance funds, which certainly promotes transparency, efficiency of functioning of the social insurance system and minimizes the cases of non-insurance compensation. At the same time, draft laws on the reform of social insurance in the direction of weakening the rights of social partners (employers and trade unions) in the management of funds do not promote the rights of the insured and nullify the international legal acts ratified by Ukraine. Conclusions. It is proved that the stability of the social insurance system depends on the proper implementation of all principles of social insurance, as well as on the development of the economy, stable political situation, conceptual development of legislation in the field of social insurance with the participation of social partnership parties. It is concluded that the principle of parity of management of social insurance funds ensures mutual responsibility of the parties of social partnership and promotes the effectiveness of the social insurance system.

Bunji Kondo and the Establishment of the Concept of Social Security in Japan

Bunji Kondo and the Establishment of the Concept of Social Security in Japan

مفهوم الوسطیة وأثره فی الأمن المجتمعی دراسة فی ضوء الثقافة الإسلامیة

مفهوم الوسطیة وأثره فی الأمن المجتمعی دراسة فی ضوء الثقافة الإسلامیة

SOSYAL GÜVENLİK SİSTEMİ FİNANSMANI VE 2010-2016 YILLARI FİNANSMAN AÇIKLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

The aim of this study is to evaluate the situation within the relevant period by investigating the reasons and dimensions of the financing of the Social Security Institution and the financial gaps between 2010-2016. Within the scope of study; the concept of social security, the aim of social security, the topic of social security and the functions of system are mentioned then the financing methods of social security, source of financing and the financing deficits of social security are examined. Finally, financing deficits have been evaluated by years and measures have been taken to prevent towards financial deficits. As a result; the ratio of the Social Security Institution’s total incomes to total expenditures is improving between 2010 and 2016; while the transfers made to the Social Security Institution in 2010 were 55.244 TL, this figure increased by two times in 2016 to 106.550 TL. Starting from this point of view, it seems to be important that the reasons of the social security deficits in Turkey are evaluated together with the interdependent, dependent and internalized situations and fightigh with this thought is also important. However, in order for this struggle to be successful and to reach the desired result, it is necessary that the legislative and administrative arrangements are supported by effective policy tools and that the whole society should support this fight.