Concept Of Self-organization Research Articles

Good social cybernetics is a must in policy processes

Purpose – Illustrate supported by Beer’s Viable System Model and four vignettes the relevance of self-organisation, recursive structures, self-reference and reflexivity in policy processes. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – First, the concepts of self-organisation, recursive structures, self-reference and reflexivity are briefly discussed to ground policy processes in good cybernetics. Then, with the support of four vignettes, the idea of good cybernetics in policy processes is illustrated. Findings – The cybernetics of policy processes is often ignored. Research limitations/implications – If the purpose of this paper were to influence policy makers it would be necessary to further the empirical base of the four vignettes and clarify desirable forums to ground the relevance of self-organisation, recursive structures, self-reference and reflexivity in policy processes. Practical implications – Beer’s recursive structures, self-reference and reflexivity have much to contribute to the betterment of policy processes and the amelioration of the unbearable social and organisational costs of many current policies. Originality/value – The application of concepts such as self-organisation, recursive structures, self-reference and reflexivity adds to the understanding of policy processes.

Paradigm Foundations of Modern Science: Self-Organization, Evolution, Integrity

An attempt of constructing paradigm foundations of modern science, which are rooted in the uniform concept of self-organization, in which holism, evolution and are interconnected in a triune whole is presented in article. The conceptual basis of the research is the idea of unity of - evolution – self-organization. The integrated framework representing a holographic effect of comprehensive, holistic vision of the integrated world will be the result of interconnection of the enumerated concepts. At the present stage the interdisciplinary sphere which one side is the scientific knowledge, its structure and dynamics, and the second – connection of scientific knowledge and scientific world outlook with a person, his ideals, purposes, values has to perform a function of methodology. From our point of view, the presentation of the concept integrity - evolution - self-organization constructed in this article is one of the attempts of this sort of reflection. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s4p97

The legal life self-organization concept as a promising direction of development of domestic jurisprudence

The article evaluates the prospects of using synergetic methodology in modern domestic jurisprudence. The topicality of using methodological resources of self-organization concepts in society legal life researching is proved, the most important areas of synergy and law science cooperation are outlined.

A Self-organizing Adaptive-resolution Particle Method with Anisotropic Kernels

Adaptive-resolution particle methods reduce the computational cost for problems that develop a wide spectrum of length scales in their solution. Concepts from self-organization can be used to determine suitable particle distributions, sizes, and numbers at runtime. If the spatial derivatives of the function strongly depend on the direction, the computational cost and the required number of particles can be further reduced by using anisotropic particles. Anisotropic particles have ellipsoidal influence regions (shapes) that are locally aligned with the direction of smallest variation of the function. We present a framework that allows consistent evaluation of linear differential operators on arbitrary distributions of anisotropic particles. We further extend the concept of particle self-organization to anisotropic particles, where also the directions and magnitudes of anisotropy are self-adapted. We benchmark the accuracy and efficiency of the method in a number of 2D and 3D test cases.

INNOVATION THROUGH A SELF-ORGANIZATION LENS

This study argues that the concept of ‘self-organiz ation’ is useful as an alternative to evaluate inno vative capacity in rural communities and enable an effecti ve engagement with the economic development regions. The concept of self-organization provides a means o f reviewing regions in a manner which enables local Governments to measure and develop innovative capacity. Developing innovative capacity is seen as an important driver for achieving the targets of a cou ntry strategic planning agenda. This paper presents a study in the state of South Australia, Australia in which the self-organization concept offers a strategy fo r proactively engaging the regions to innovation.

Dynamic self-organization in holonic multi-agent manufacturing systems: The ADACOR evolution

Nowadays, systems are becoming increasingly complex, mainly due to an exponential increase in the number of entities and their interconnections. Examples of these complex systems can be found in manufacturing, smart-grids, traffic control, logistics, economics and biology, among others. Due to this complexity, particularly in manufacturing, a lack of responsiveness in coping with demand for higher quality products, the drastic reduction in product lifecycles and the increasing need for product customization are being observed. Traditional solutions, based on central monolithic control structures, are becoming obsolete as they are not suitable for reacting and adapting to these perturbations. The decentralization of the complexity problem through simple, intelligent and autonomous entities, such as those found in multi-agent systems, is seen as a suitable methodology for tackling this challenge in industrial scenarios. Additionally, the use of biologically inspired self-organization concepts has proved to be suitable for being embedded in these approaches enabling better performances to be achieved. According to these principals, several approaches have been proposed but none can be truly embedded and extract all the potential of self-organization mechanisms. This paper proposes an evolution to the ADACOR holonic control architecture inspired by biological and evolutionary theories. In particular, a two-dimensional self-organization mechanism was designed taking the behavioural and structural vectors into consideration, thus allowing truly evolutionary and reconfigurable systems to be achieved that can cope with emergent requirements. The approach proposed is validated with two simulation use cases.

The future of schooling: Children and learning at the edge of chaos

This paper describes the effect that assistive technologies, such as paper, printing, protractors, logarithm tables, computers, and the Internet, have on pedagogy. It reports the results of experiments with self-organising systems in primary education and develops the concept of a self-organised learning environment (SOLE). It then describes how SOLEs operate, and their possible effects on primary education in remote areas, and discusses the implications of the physics of complex systems and their possible connection with self-organised learning amongst children. Finally, it proposes a change in the examination system that would incorporate the Internet and concepts of self-organisation into schooling.

Modeling habits as self-sustaining patterns of sensorimotor behavior.

In the recent history of psychology and cognitive neuroscience, the notion of habit has been reduced to a stimulus-triggered response probability correlation. In this paper we use a computational model to present an alternative theoretical view (with some philosophical implications), where habits are seen as self-maintaining patterns of behavior that share properties in common with self-maintaining biological processes, and that inhabit a complex ecological context, including the presence and influence of other habits. Far from mechanical automatisms, this organismic and self-organizing concept of habit can overcome the dominating atomistic and statistical conceptions, and the high temporal resolution effects of situatedness, embodiment and sensorimotor loops emerge as playing a more central, subtle and complex role in the organization of behavior. The model is based on a novel “iterant deformable sensorimotor medium (IDSM),” designed such that trajectories taken through sensorimotor-space increase the likelihood that in the future, similar trajectories will be taken. We couple the IDSM to sensors and motors of a simulated robot, and show that under certain conditions, the IDSM conditions, the IDSM forms self-maintaining patterns of activity that operate across the IDSM, the robot's body, and the environment. We present various environments and the resulting habits that form in them. The model acts as an abstraction of habits at a much needed sensorimotor “meso-scale” between microscopic neuron-based models and macroscopic descriptions of behavior. Finally, we discuss how this model and extensions of it can help us understand aspects of behavioral self-organization, historicity and autonomy that remain out of the scope of contemporary representationalist frameworks.

Towards international comparative research on the professionalisation of Religious Education

This article calls for international comparative research on the professionalisation of Religious Education (RE). To this end, it provides a rationale for focusing upon the concept of professionalisation and a theoretical justification for international comparative research, particularly identifying its significance in terms of the development of RE in England and Germany. The article outlines a methodology for exploring the concepts of professional knowledge, professional self-organisation and politics and professional development. The proposed methodology involves a systematic analysis of primary documentary sources including: (1) academic and professional journal articles and textbooks; (2) the archives of relevant institutions and organisations; and (3) external evidence, such as inspection and research reports. An analytical case study of two leading journals in each national context, Religion in Education in England and Der Evangelische Erzieher in Germany, in the immediate post-war era is appended to illustrate the benefits of implementing such a methodology across national boundaries.

Trois décennies de modélisation des systèmes de villes : sources d'inspiration, concepts, formalisations

La géographie privilégie depuis longtemps une vision systémique des villes, l’amenant à placer les interactions entre les villes au cœur de sa compréhension des différentiels de croissance. Au cours des trois dernières décennies, la construction des modèles de systèmes de villes a connu deux sources majeures d’inspiration, l’une émanant de la physique et l’autre de l’informatique. Les concepts d’auto-organisation et de bifurcation, associés à une formalisation par les systèmes d’équations différentielles, caractérisent la première, le concept d’émergence et les systèmes multi-agents, la seconde. L’objectif est d’analyser l’articulation entre les familles de modèles qui ont découlé de ces deux sources d’inspiration. Certains auteurs décèlent une rupture entre ces deux familles de modèles, alors que d’autres, considérant des temporalités plus longues, discernent plutôt de la continuité dans les travaux de la modélisation urbaine. L’examen des travaux de cette période et des prises de position de différents auteurs, suggère une avancée en spirale.

Self-Organization and Explanatory Pluralism: Avoiding the Snares of Reductionism in Developmental Science

Over the last 20 years, the concept of self-organization has played a central role in efforts to establish a relational metatheoretical approach to the study of development. Yet the notion of self-organization that predominates in scientific discussions today has undergone a conceptual narrowing relative to the broader use and interpretation of self-organization that characterized the biologically-oriented systems thinking of Weiss and von Bertalanffy and was grounded in Kant's teleological account of organisms as natural ends or purposes. In this article, the author discusses how our conceptual use of self-organization in developmental science has changed under the influence of nonlinear dynamical systems theory and how these changes could actually foster rather than discourage new forms of reductionism in our thinking about development.

Unveiling complexity: non-linear and fractal analysis in neuroscience and cognitive psychology

Unveiling complexity: non-linear and fractal analysis in neuroscience and cognitive psychology

The Zapatista “Mother Seeds in Resistance” Project

This paper takes up the Zapatista “Mother Seeds in Resistance” seed-preservation project as a case study for exploring the interconnections between contemporary biotechnology, biocultural diversity, and cultural institutions such as the archive. Drawing on environmental theories that employ the bioscientific concepts of entropy and self-organization to think about issues of biopiracy (Shiva), and on cultural theories that employ the same vocabulary to think about the archive as a mechanism of imperialist control (Richards, Stoler), I theorize the “Mother Seeds in Resistance” seed bank as an autonomous, self-organizing archive that embraces entropy in its biological, knowledge-sharing, and sociopolitical dimensions. I argue that, in addition to constructing an antihegemonic model of archival practice, this seed bank initiative teaches us that the growing influence of biotechnology on the production and circulation of knowledge means that contemporary decolonization movements must learn to speak about living systems, archival materials, and information control all in the same breath. This emergent biocultural paradigm has important consequences not only for archive theorists but also for ecocritics interested in the cultural ramifications of environmental efforts to preserve indigenous agricultural resources, as well as postcolonial scholars interested in identifying situated material practices that are contributing to the global struggle for the decolonization of knowledge.

Self-Organization in Urban Regeneration: A Two-Case Comparative Research

Urban regeneration processes in which local stakeholders take the lead are interesting for realizing tailor made and sustainable urban regeneration, but are also faced with serious difficulties. We use the concept of self-organization from complexity theory to examine the relationship between local stakeholders’ initiatives and vital urban regeneration processes. We conducted a two-case comparative research, Caterham Barracks and Broad Street Business Improvement Districts Birmingham (UK), in which local stakeholders take the lead. We analyse the evolution of these regeneration processes by using two different manifestations of self-organization: autopoietic and dissipative self-organization. We found that a balanced interplay between autopoietic and dissipative self-organization of local stakeholders is important for vital urban regeneration processes to establish. We elaborate four explanatory conditions for this interplay. These conditions provide at the one hand stability and identity development, but also the needed connections with established actors and institutions around urban regeneration and flexibility to adjust to evolving demands during the process of regeneration. However, consolidation of such initiatives does mean a challenge for existing structures for the government, market and society that will need to adapt and change their roles to new governance realities. In this way self-organizing processes become meaningful in the regeneration of urban areas.

2P236 群れの相互作用の多義性から自己組織化を再考する(17.行動,ポスター,日本生物物理学会年会第51回(2013年度))

2P236 群れの相互作用の多義性から自己組織化を再考する(17.行動,ポスター,日本生物物理学会年会第51回(2013年度))

Computational Approach for Protein Structure Prediction

ObjectivesTo predict the structure of protein, which dictates the function it performs, a newly designed algorithm is developed which blends the concept of self-organization and the genetic algorithm.MethodsAmong many other approaches, genetic algorithm is found to be a promising cooperative computational method to solve protein structure prediction in a reasonable time. To automate the right choice of parameter values the influence of self-organization is adopted to design a new genetic operator to optimize the process of prediction. Torsion angles, the local structural parameters which define the backbone of protein are considered to encode the chromosome that enhances the quality of the confirmation. Newly designed self-configured genetic operators are used to develop self-organizing genetic algorithm to facilitate the accurate structure prediction.ResultsPeptides are used to gauge the validity of the proposed algorithm. As a result, the structure predicted shows clear improvements in the root mean square deviation on overlapping the native indicates the overall performance of the algorithm. In addition, the Ramachandran plot results implies that the conformations of phi-psi angles in the predicted structure are better as compared to native and also free from steric hindrances.ConclusionsThe proposed algorithm is promising which contributes to the prediction of a native-like structure by eliminating the time constraint and effort demand. In addition, the energy of the predicted structure is minimized to a greater extent, which proves the stability of protein.

Using Human–Computer Interfaces to Investigate ‘Mind-As-It-Could-Be’ from the First-Person Perspective

There is a growing community of researchers who are interested in establishing a science of the experiential or ‘lived’ aspects of the human mind. This shift from cognitive science to consciousness science presents a profound challenge to synthetic approaches. To be sure, symbolic artificial intelligence constituted the original foundation of cognitive science; subsequent progress in robotics has helped to pioneer a new understanding of the mind as essentially embodied, situated, and dynamical, while artificial life has informed the concept of biological self-organization. However, with regard to the development of a science of the experienced mind, the relevance of these synthetic approaches still remains uncertain. We propose to address the challenge of first-person experience by designing new human–computer interfaces, which aim to artificially mediate a participant’s sensorimotor loop such that novel kinds of experience can emerge for the user. The advantage of this synthetic approach is that computer interface technology enables us to systematically vary the ways in which participants experience the world and thereby allows us to systematically investigate ‘mind-as-it-could-be’ from the first-person perspective. We illustrate the basic principles of this method by drawing on examples from our research in sensory substitution, virtual reality, and interactive installation.

On the evolution of morphogenetic models: mechano‐chemical interactions and an integrated view of cell differentiation, growth, pattern formation and morphogenesis

In the 1950s, embryology was conceptualized as four relatively independent problems: cell differentiation, growth, pattern formation and morphogenesis. The mechanisms underlying the first three traditionally have been viewed as being chemical in nature, whereas those underlying morphogenesis have usually been discussed in terms of mechanics. Often, morphogenesis and its mechanical processes have been regarded as subordinate to chemical ones. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that the biomechanics of cells and tissues affect in striking ways those phenomena often thought of as mainly under the control of cell-cell signalling. This accumulation of data has led to a revival of the mechano-transduction concept in particular, and of complexity in general, causing us now to consider whether we should retain the traditional conceptualization of development. The researchers' semantic preferences for the terms 'patterning', 'pattern formation' or 'morphogenesis' can be used to describe three main 'schools of thought' which emerged in the late 1970s. In the 'molecular school', the term patterning is deeply tied to the positional information concept. In the 'chemical school', the term 'pattern formation' regularly implies reaction-diffusion models. In the 'mechanical school', the term 'morphogenesis' is more frequently used in relation to mechanical instabilities. Major differences among these three schools pertain to the concept of self-organization, and models can be classified as morphostatic or morphodynamic. Various examples illustrate the distorted picture that arises from the distinction among differentiation, growth, pattern formation and morphogenesis, based on the idea that the underlying mechanisms are respectively chemical or mechanical. Emerging quantitative approaches integrate the concepts and methods of complex sciences and emphasize the interplay between hierarchical levels of organization via mechano-chemical interactions. They draw upon recent improvements in mathematical and numerical morphogenetic models and upon considerable progress in collecting new quantitative data. This review highlights a variety of such models, which exhibit important advances, such as hybrid, stochastic and multiscale simulations.

Simulating optimum egress time

A standard evacuation map posted in a room shows the location of the current room and the path to the nearest exit. If the number of occupants in the building is only small, then the shortest paths to the exits may enable all the occupants to evacuate in minimum possible time. Previous studies have shown, however, that the shortest path configuration does not lead to minimum egress time for large crowds in public facilities such as those in a school, theater or gym.We extend the previous studies by determining the minimum egress time for different crowd sizes on a fixed network graph. We apply optimization search on a mesoscopic multi-agent pedestrian simulation that employs the concept of Route-Choice Self-Organization (RCSO). We show that the egress time gap between the shortest path configuration and RCSO configuration increases very quickly with respect to crowd size. Thus, for crowded pedestrian facilities, there may be a need to revise the standard evacuation map so that evacuation behavior that approximates the RCSO becomes possible, and this can lead to a much better egress time.

Minimalist Self-Organization in Wireless Networks

Many fields of human endeavour, such as biology and the theory of complex systems, are now embracing the concept of self-organization based on local actions leading to a desirable global emergent behavior. While many examples, both natural and artificial, can be found of such self-organized systems, the relationship between the local rules and the global behavior remains elusive and no systematic procedure is known to engineer a specific global result. Given the increasing pervasiveness of wireless networks of all sorts, including ad hoc networks competing within narrow unlicensed bands and wireless sensor networks, self-organization could constitute the next defining paradigm in wireless communications. It can be shown that a set of heuristic principles can be leveraged to engineer a self-organized connection-oriented wireless network with minimal complexity. Such a system requires no centralization of information, yet achieves a nearly optimal global state with only a modest amount of local signaling. It will naturally and jointly balance the many parameters related to radio resource management, exhibiting great adaptability, fault tolerance and scalability.