Concept Of Production Research Articles

Epochal turns: Uncomfortable insights, uncertain outlooks

AbstractThe perfect storm of converging political, security, environmental and social crises enforces an epochal turn. Necessarily increasing defensive expenditures for health and climate damage compensation combine with climate adaptation and increased security spending to drive already sluggish economic growth rates into negative territory. The result will by accelerating degrowth, an end to just‐in‐time production concepts, higher resource cost, new dependencies on metal exporters (some of them as nasty as Putin's Russia), and decreasing median incomes. Without significant U‐turns on tax and distribution policies, funds will be lacking to address the challenges. Rather than promising easy ways out of the crises, stopping the drivers, focussing on well‐being instead of growth, and exploring ways to a dignified life within the crises need to be political priorities.

Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Mixture of Reused Silica Gel Desiccant and Natural Sand or Eggshell Waste

The purpose of this work was to develop, characterize and test new low-cost materials suitable for removing methylene blue dye from water and wastewater by adsorption. The solid materials consisted of silica gel powder (SG), silica gel mixed with eggshell powder (SG-ES) and a mixture of silica gel with sand from the western Iraqi desert (SG-SI). The samples were milled by using an electrical mixer and a ball mill, followed by a drying step. In addition, desert sand was acid-treated in order to remove impurities. The structure and chemical composition of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscopy technique equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX), a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (BET) technique, thermo-analytical (TG/TGA) measurements and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The previously mentioned materials were tested to remove methylene blue from an aqueous solution. The adsorption experiments were monitored by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry and showed that SG and SG-ES gave promising results for the methylene blue removal from water. After 40 min of treatment of the aqueous solution containing 10 mg/L of MB at room temperature, the tested SG, SG-ES and SG-SI materials were found to have 86%, 80% and 57% dye adsorption efficiency, respectively. Taking into consideration not only the adsorption activity of the studied material but their availability, cost and concepts of cleaner production and waste minimization, the developed silica gel with eggshell can be considered as a good, cost-effective alternative to commercially available activated-carbon-based adsorbents. Different kinetic and isotherm models were fitted to the experimental results. A pseudo-second-kinetics-order model revealed high correlation fitting, while the Freundlich model was found to appropriately describe the adsorption isotherm. The thermal stability during the possible regeneration process of the SG-ES adsorbent mixture and its interaction mechanism with cationic dye was discussed.

Media Video Company Profile Sebagai Sarana Informasi Dan Promosi Pada PT Putra Karya Jasa Usaha

Video media is the most important part for entrepreneurs, one of which is video media that can describe a company's identity, such as a company profile. This video simultaneously provides information and promotions to the market the company wants. One company that requires a company profile is PT. Putra Karya Jasa Usaha, namely an autobus company with a head office named Putra KJU, which is headquartered in the Commercial Lot, Jl. Citra Raya Boulevard No. 4, Tangerang Regency. The problem is, previously the media only used social media and print media, the concept of which was very simple. Since the 2020 pandemic, there has been a decrease in relations by 18.8% and the number of passengers has decreased by 61.6%. In contrast, the company had 16 associations in the previous year, as well as 751,463 passengers in a year. This motivated Putra KJU to make a company profile video as a promotional and information medium to provide an overview of the profile and services they offer to prospective passengers or clients. The method for making a company profile video is data collection, media design, and the Media Production Concept (KPM). Through this company profile video, Putra KJU can introduce corporate identity and help with marketing so that it is better known to many people.

Liability Rules for the Digital Age

Abstract With legislative proposals for two directives published in September 2022, the European Commission aims to adapt the existing liability system to the challenges posed by digitalisation. One of the proposals is related and limited to liability for artificial intelligent (AI) systems, but the other contains nothing less than a full revision of the 1985 Product Liability Directive, which lies at the heart of European tort law. Whereas the current Product Liability Directive largely followed the model of US law, the revised version breaks new ground. It does not limit itself to the expansion of the concept of product to include intangible digital goods, such as software and data as well as related services, important enough in itself, but also targets the new intermediaries of e-commerce as liable parties. As such, the proposal for a new product liability directive is a great leap forward and has the potential to grow into a worldwide benchmark in the field. In comparison, the proposal of a directive on AI liability is much harder to assess. It remains questionable whether a second directive is actually needed at this stage of the technological development.

Sayyid Mahmud Taleghani's Economic Thinking Contribution To The Development of The Contemporary Islamic Economy

This article discusses the contribution of Sayyed Mahmud Teleghani's economic thought to the development of contemporary Islamic economics. To know and understand the contribution of Sayyed Mahmud Teleghani's economic thought to the development of contemporary Islamic economics. The data used are primary data taken from Teleghani's works and secondary data from various documents obtained both online and offline and analyzed descriptively. The results of this article show that as one of the important figures in the Iqtishad school, teleghani transmits many of his economic ideas which play an important role in the development of contemporary Islamic economics. One of the important concepts is about humans as economic actors whereas Teleghani believes that humans have internal principles in the form of a desire for wealth and external impulses that are strongly influenced by the environment and economy. Therefore, three major thoughts become the focus of the economy, namely, property and ownership, freedom, and circulation of money. To achieve harmony, the state must play an important role, especially in decision making and the allocation of resources, the role of the state, prohibiting usury and optimizing zakat, as well as allocating well the concepts of production, distribution, and consumption.

Design and Biomimicry: A Review of Interconnections and Creative Potentials.

The study and application of biological knowledge favor the creation of innovative projects in several areas, so it is necessary to better understand the use of these resources specifically in the field of design. Thus, a systematic review was undertaken to identify, describe, and analyze the contributions of biomimicry to design. For this purpose, the integrative systematic review model, called the Theory of Consolidated Meta-Analytical Approach, was used, carrying out a search on the Web of Science with the descriptors "design" and "biomimicry". For the period from 1991 to 2021, 196 publications were retrieved. The results were organized according to areas of knowledge, countries, journals, institutions, authors, and years. Citation, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling analyses were also performed. The investigation highlighted the following research emphases: the conception of products, buildings, and environments; the exploration of natural structures and systems to create materials and technologies; the use of biomimetic creative tools in product design; and projects focused on saving resources and implementing sustainability. It was noted that there was a tendency for authors to adopt a problem-based approach. It was concluded that the study of biomimicry can stimulate the development of multiple skills in design, improving creativity, and enhancing the potential integration of sustainability into production cycles.

Meaningful Work: Cultural Frameworks of Forced Labour in Accounts of Nazi Concentration Camp Inmates

Abstract Studies of forced labour in Nazi camps tend to stress the exceptionality of inmates’ experiences and their profound difference from common views of work. Yet examination of the wartime and postwar accounts of inmates and survivors reveals that they often combine features of the camp reality itself with phenomena from other times, places and situations. In this way, written, oral and visual depictions articulate a reality in which concepts and ideologies of work familiar from various cultural settings mix with those of the Nazi camp system, as well as with later experiences and current debates. This article traces three cultural frameworks that inmates and survivors utilized to make sense of forced labour in Nazi camps: war and the military, industrial concepts of productive destruction and destructive production, and Jewish religious culture. In exploring the relationship between the continuity and discontinuity of meaning between these cultural frameworks and the Nazi camps, we analyse a wide range of interviews, artworks, songs, memoirs and written reports from the 1930s to the early 2000s. We argue that in order not to make their suffering and work appear senseless, inmates and survivors understood forced labour within well-established frameworks of meaning. Their accounts, we suggest, use symbolic elements as creative acts that address inmates’ experiences by expanding the camp reality or going beyond it, thereby making them more comprehensible and communicable.

The Lean Farm: Application of Tools and Concepts of Lean Manufacturing in Agro-Pastoral Crops

Agriculture must find new ways to reduce costs and increase efficiency to meet the rising demand for products, avoiding waste due to potential food scarcity. Through the systematic literature review methodology, this study analyzes and synthesizes the existing literature on lean manufacturing (LM) applied in agro-pastoral production, its impact on reduction in losses and waste, and productivity increases considering production function mechanism (PFM), connecting to a sustainability model based on triple bottom line (TBL). A comprehensive search strategy was used to identify relevant studies and critically evaluate them using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings provide insights into LM applied in agro-pastoral production and inform future research in the field, highlighting the potential of using LM concepts by reducing losses and waste and increasing productivity. The potential for TBL impacts from application of lean concepts in agro-pastoral production suggests a tendency for growth in this area of research. A theoretical understanding of how lean tools and techniques can be applied to improve productivity and profitability in the agricultural sector is provided, as well as practical examples and recommendations for implementing lean practices in agricultural operations, aligning sustainability and LP tools and concepts.

Use of dose-area product to assess plan quality in robotic radiosurgery

PurposeIn robotic stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), optimal selection of collimators from a set of fixed cones must be determined manually by trial and error. A unique and uniformly scaled metric to characterize plan quality could help identify Pareto-efficient treatment plans. MethodsThe concept of dose-area product (DAP) was used to define a measure (DAPratio) of the targeting efficiency of a set of beams by relating the integral DAP of the beams to the mean dose achieved in the target volume. In a retrospective study of five clinical cases of brain metastases with representative target volumes (range: 0.5–5.68 ml) and 121 treatment plans with all possible collimator choices, the DAPratio was determined along with other plan metrics (conformity index CI, gradient index R50%, treatment time, total number of monitor units TotalMU, radiotoxicity index f12, and energy efficiency index η50%), and the respective Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated. The ability of DAPratio to determine Pareto efficiency for collimator selection at DAPratio < 1 and DAPratio < 0.9 was tested using scatter plots. ResultsThe DAPratio for all plans was on average 0.95 ± 0.13 (range: 0.61–1.31). Only the variance of the DAPratio was strongly dependent on the number of collimators. For each target, there was a strong or very strong correlation of DAPratio with all other metrics of plan quality. Only for R50% and η50% was there a moderate correlation with DAPratio for the plans of all targets combined, as R50% and η50% strongly depended on target size. Optimal treatment plans with CI, R50%, f12, and η50% close to 1 were clearly associated with DAPratio < 1, and plans with DAPratio < 0.9 were even superior, but at the cost of longer treatment times and higher total monitor units. ConclusionsThe newly defined DAPratio has been demonstrated to be a metric that characterizes the target efficiency of a set of beams in robotic SRS in one single and uniformly scaled number. A DAPratio < 1 indicates Pareto efficiency. The trade-off between plan quality on the one hand and short treatment time or low total monitor units on the other hand is also represented by DAPratio.

Electrochemical transformation of limestone into calcium hydroxide and valuable carbonaceous products for decarbonizing cement production

The cement industry is one of the largest contributors to global CO2 emissions, which has been paid more attention to the research on converting the CO2 released by the cement production process. It is extremely challenging to decarbonize the cement industry, as most CO2 emissions result from the calcination of limestone (CaCO3) into CaO and CO2. In this work, we demonstrate an in situ electrochemical process that transforms CaCO3 into portlandite (Ca(OH)2, a key Portland cement precursor) and valuable carbonaceous products, which integrates electrochemical water splitting and CO2 reduction reaction with the chemical decomposition of CaCO3. With different metal catalyst electrodes (like Au, Ag, In, Cu, and Cu nanowires electrodes), we have achieved various valuable carbonaceous products, such as CO, formate, methane, ethylene, and ethane during the electrochemical CO2 process. Our work demonstrates a proof of concept for green and sustainable cement production.

Direct electrification of Rh/Al2O3 washcoated SiSiC foams for methane steam reforming: An experimental and modelling study

Electrified methane steam reforming (eMSR) is a promising concept for low-carbon hydrogen production. We investigate an innovative eMSR reactor where SiSiC foams, coated with Rh/Al2O3 catalyst, act as electrical resistances to generate the reaction heat via the Joule effect. The novel system was studied at different temperatures, space velocities, operating pressures and catalyst loadings. Thanks to efficient heating, active catalyst and optimal substrate geometry, complete methane conversions were observed even at a high space velocity of 200000 Nl/h/kgcat. A specific energy demand as low as 1.24 kWh/Nm3H2, with an unprecedented energy efficiency of 81%, was achieved on a washcoated foam with catalyst density of 86.3 g/L (GHSV = 150000 Nl/h/kgcat, S/C = 4.1, ambient pressure). A mathematical model was validated against measured performance indicators and used to design an intensified eMSR unit for small scale H2 production.

Increasing resilience of material supply by decentral urban factories and secondary raw materials

Current production processes are frequently dependent on global supply chains for raw materials and prefabricated inputs. With rising political and global risks, these supply networks are threatened, which leads to a reduction of supply chain resilience. At the same time, urban areas are currently one of the main consumers of products and waste material generators. The raw material sourcing for this consumption commonly takes place in globally connected supply chains due to economy of scale effects. Therefore, cities are especially vulnerable to supply chain disruptions. A recent development which could reduce this vulnerability is the installation of urban factories among other urban production concepts, which can be symbiotically embedded into the urban metabolism to utilize the locally available (waste) materials. This, however, is hampered by the smaller production scale of decentralized urban production facilities, limited knowledge and challenges about the urban material flows and their characteristics. Against this background, we introduce a new factory type which is placed between the primary and secondary industrial sector: An urban secondary raw material factory which utilizes local waste material and other urban material flows for the extraction and refinement of secondary raw materials to supply production sites in its surrounding environment. To enable this small-to medium-scale factory type, the application of new production technologies plays a crucial role. Therefore, this paper proposes an approach for matching relevant potential waste streams to different technologies for waste-to-resource refinement. The applicability of the method for identification and evaluation of suitable technologies regarding their potential to be located in urban environments is demonstrated for plastic and metallic materials. Subsequently, key challenges and characteristics of the new factory type are summarized. With the introduction of this new factory type, the lack of scale effects in urban symbiotic networks is expected to be reduced. In conclusion, challenges such as the data-based management of symbiotic relationships among manufacturing companies are highlighted as still relevant in decentral value chains.

Recombinant yeast for production of the pain receptor modulator nonivamide from vanillin

We report on the development of a method based on recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce nonivamide, a capsaicinoid and potent agonist of the pain receptor TRPV1. Nonivamide was produced in a two-step batch process where yeast was i) grown aerobically on glucose and ii) used to produce nonivamide from vanillin and non-anoic acid by bioconversion. The yeast was engineered to express multiple copies of an amine transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (CvTA), along with an NADH-dependent alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsAlaDH) to enable efficient reductive amination of vanillin. Oxygen-limited conditions and the use of ethanol as a co-substrate to regenerate NADH were identified to favour amination over the formation of the by-products vanillic alcohol and vanillic acid. The native alcohol dehydrogenase ADH6 was deleted to further reduce the formation of vanillic alcohol. A two-enzyme system consisting of an N-acyltransferase from Capsicum annuum (CaAT), and a CoA ligase from Sphingomonas sp. Ibu-2 (IpfF) was co-expressed to produce the amide. This study provides proof of concept for yeast-based production of non-ivamide by combined transamination and amidation of vanillin.

SYSTEMATIZATION OF APPROACHES TO THE UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LEAN MANUFACTURING

The work systematizes approaches to understanding the essence of lean production and takes into account the specifics of implementing this concept specifically for Ukrainian enterprises. The toolkit of lean production, which can be implemented in Ukrainian enterprises, has been systematized. For each type of tool, it is indicated which tasks it can solve for Ukrainian enterprises and what is the peculiarity of its application for domestic economic entities. Most of the companies that are already implementing or have implemented a lean production system have carried out preliminary measures to prepare personnel for the implementation of these latest tools, and for Ukrainian enterprises, this preparatory stage is just as necessary because there is an urgent need to understand that enterprises will be able not only to implement the tools of lean production but also to implement qualitative transformations in the management system of the enterprise. It has been proven that the problem at Ukrainian enterprises is mostly outdated equipment and significant dependence of production processes on personnel, as a result, for the effective implementation of lean production approaches, it is necessary to train personnel and improve their qualifications. Outdated equipment should be updated and new resource-saving technologies introduced, but this is a longer and more expensive way than training staff. A diagram of the relationship between the possibilities of lean production implementation and staff training for obtaining quality transformations at domestic enterprises has been developed, which indicates the importance of staff training to achieve positive results from the implementation of the concept of lean production. This scheme allows you to clearly follow the sequence of stages of staff training to ensure readiness for the implementation of the lean production system and to prepare staff for quality transformations in enterprise management. It has been proven that the staff is the main link of transformations at the enterprise and ensuring its better management and timely implementation of measures to save resources.

Electricity and Heat Demand in Steel Industry Technological Processes in Industry 4.0 Conditions

The publication presents heat and electricity management in the Polish steel industry. The paper is based on actual data on heat and electricity consumption and intensity by processes in the steel industry in Poland in Industry 4.0 conditions. Two steel production processes are used in Poland: EAF Electric Arc Furnace and BOF Basic Oxygen Furnace. The analysis is an analysis of actual data is used to characterise the electricity and heat consumption by processes in the Polish steel industry. The analysis shows that the EAF technology is always more electricity intensive and the BOF technology more heat intensive. On the basis of conducted analysis, it can be concluded that pro-environmental innovations in the steel industry should first aim to reduce the electricity consumption of EAF technology and the heat consumption of BOF. An analysis of data for Poland for the period 2004–2020 shows that both cases occurred. The study shows that the heat consumption of BOF technologies has been steadily decreasing since 2010, and the electricity consumption of EAF technologies has been decreasing throughout the period under review. It can be concluded from this that the Polish steel industry is adapting to pro-environmental requirements and, through the introduction of technological innovations, is moving towards the concept of sustainable steel production according to green steel principles. The decrease in energy intensity (means electricity) of steel produced according to EAF technology is an important issue, as the high energy intensity of EAF processes affects the overall energy intensity of the steel production in Poland. In the future, the use of new innovative technological solutions, including solutions based on Industry 4.0 principles, should help the Polish steel industry to further reduce the level of electricity and heat consumption. The driving force behind the investment is the boom in the steel market. The authors made a short-term forecasts of steel production (2022–2025). The annual forecasts determined and analyses made were used to determine the heat and energy consumption of the Polish steel industry up to 2025.

A reliability-oriented integration model of production control, adaptive quality control policy and maintenance planning for continuous flow processes

Many studies reveal that integrating the concepts of production, maintenance and quality control helps reduce costs compared to studying them separately. But almost all the research works in this field are centred on piece part manufacturing. This paper presents an integrated model of the three concepts for the continuous flow process of manufacturing which is vastly different from piece-parts processes, as there is no explicit production unit. To quickly detect the assignable cause occurrence, an adaptive X̄ control chart with variable sampling interval designed for the continuous flow process is employed as the quality control tool. A mathematical definition is presented to describe the proposed model before a genetic algorithm is developed to find the optimal setting values of decision parameters that minimize the expected total cost per unit time. The numerical comparison indicates that the proposed model has reduced the cost by an average of 1.5% than the classical model with fixed sampling interval policy in continuous flow manufacturing. Finally, Taguchi’s design of experiments (DOE) is employed to investigate the main effects of cost and process parameters.

Composite sandwich structures: review of manufacturing techniques

PurposeThe purpose of this review paper is to provide a review of the most recent advances in the field of manufacturing composite sandwich panels along with their advantages and limitations. The other purpose of this paper is to familiarize the researchers with the available developments in manufacturing sandwich structures.Design/methodology/approachThe most recent research articles in the field of manufacturing various composite sandwich structures were reviewed. The review process started by categorizing the available sandwich manufacturing techniques into nine main categories according to the method of production and the equipment used. The review is followed by outlining some automatic production concepts toward composite sandwich automated manufacturing. A brief summary of the sandwich manufacturing techniques is given at the end of this article, with recommendations for future work.FindingsIt has been found that several composite sandwich manufacturing techniques were proposed in the literature. The diversity of the manufacturing techniques arises from the variety of the materials as well as the configurations of the final product. Additive manufacturing techniques represent the most recent trend in composite sandwich manufacturing.Originality/valueThis work is valuable for all researchers in the field of composite sandwich structures to keep up with the most recent advancements in this field. Furthermore, this review paper can be considered as a guideline for researchers who are intended to perform further research on composite sandwich structures.

Decision support on membrane electrode assembly (MEA) production and factory concepts

Hydrogen production by the electrolysis of water using renewable energy is a key component of the energy transition toward carbon dioxide emission reduction. Therefore, electrolyzers are in increased demand and have to meet higher technical requirements. The most important component of an electrolyzer is the type of cell. The proton-exchange membrane (PEM) cell is the one that offers the most promise. Cell components and their materials are subject to volatile development conditions. In particular, various production technologies come to mind for producing assembled cells the so-called membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Currently, only small quantities are produced. To meet demand, production must be scaled up quickly. Nevertheless, high requirements are placed on the quality of the cells, since high-priced raw materials are used for PEM cells. Therefore, this paper presents a data-driven approach to assessing the appropriate production technology. First, general and specific requirements of a cell production scale-up are derived. Later, characteristics of suitable cell production technologies are extracted. By using a digital factory model, suitable for shop floor data, the basis for the conception and validation of possible production concepts is laid.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ СИСТЕМЫ УМНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА, ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ И УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The relevance of the issues discussed in the article is caused by the high dynamics of changes in the world economy, the rapid development of digitalization and, at the same time, the interest of the world community in environmental protection issues. The article considers approaches to the concept of smart production, sustainable development, sustainable production and their relationship with ecosystems. The advantages of applying the concept of sustainable development and smart production by modern enterprises are highlighted.

Fenomenologija prostorne kulturno-istorijske celine - primer područja oko Dositejevog liceja u Beogradu

This paper analyzes the phenomenological perspectives of the socio-cultural understanding of urban heritage, which is normatively determined according to the type of spatial cultural-historical unit. Proceeding from the assumption that the spatial cultural-historical unit of the area around Dositej's Lyceum in Belgrade can be understood as a museumized space, its complexities will be considered through Focault's theoretical perspective of heterotopia, while its circumstance of socio-cultural semi-peripherality will be considered in regard to the concept of social production of space espoused by French urban sociologist Henri Lefebvre. It is concluded that the complexity of the values and properties of the urban heritage area - semantically determined by Dositej's Lyceum - offers deeper critical modalities of reflection that not only contribute to the clarification of the functional characteristics of the normative and institutional role of this basic instrument for the protection of spatial complexity, i.e. that conceptually denoted as the spatial cultural-historical unit, but, on a specific spatial example, they reveal the breadth of possibilities of synchronic and diachronic perspectives that such instruments - almost as a rule - always contain or acquire throughout their applicational histories.