Present Concepts Research Articles

The history of the formation and development of presentation for identification as a method of obtaining evidence in criminal proceedings

The scientific article examines the process of formation and transformation of the institution of presentation for identification in criminal proceedings, its place among investigative (detective) actions. It is emphasized that in the historical aspect, presentation for identification was inextricably linked with interrogation. In particular, it is noted that initially presentation for identification was considered as an integral part of interrogation, but over time it was realized that this procedure goes beyond its limits and should be considered as a separate investigative action. The basis for this was the establishment that the essence of identification consists in identifying a certain object by an imaginary image that was formed in a person’s memory in connection with the event under investigation. Thus, presentation for identification was formed as a type of investigative (search) action aimed at the direct use in proving images in the memory of a person who perceived the event of a criminal offense and individual objects. Its purpose is to establish that the object discovered during the investigation (person, thing, corpse) is the same one that was involved in the mechanism of committing a criminal offense, which is direct evidence in criminal proceedings. It is noted that the current CPC of Ukraine contains norms that regulate the presentation for identification of individual objects: a person (Article 228); things (Article 229); a corpse (Article 230). However, the norms of Articles 228-231 of the CPC of Ukraine contain mandatory requirements for preparation for conducting this investigative (search) action in different terms. In particular, they differ depending on the object of identification. In addition, one of the problematic issues that requires scientific research is the question of the correlation of the procedural procedure of presentation for identification with the tactical features of conducting this investigative (detective) action. Based on the historical analysis, a definition of the concept of presentation for identification is provided as an investigative (detective) action, which consists in identifying the presented object (person, thing, corpse) by an imaginary image preserved in the memory of a certain person.

A Study of Using Visual Arts in Music Classroom

This study explored the integration of visual arts elements into music education and its impact on students' musical understanding, creativity, and artistic literacy. The study used a mixed-methods approach that included classroom observations, analysis of student work, and interviews to explore interdisciplinary arts education practices. Findings highlight several key benefits of this interdisciplinary approach: enhancing conceptual understanding through music visualization, increasing student engagement, fostering creativity, supporting diverse learning needs, and making meaningful interdisciplinary connections. Students' ability to visually present musical concepts, to create art across the senses, and to solve problems were all enhanced. In addition, the study explored the potential for integrated instructional design that incorporates art museum and concert hall experiences. While acknowledging the challenges of implementation, the study highlights the great potential of this approach to enrich students' learning experiences and promote a more holistic understanding of the arts. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge supporting interdisciplinary approaches to arts education and suggests areas for future research, including long-term implications for artistic development, cognitive skills, and overall academic achievement.

Biomechanics of soft biological tissues and organs, mechanobiology, homeostasis and modelling.

The human body consists of many different soft biological tissues that exhibit diverse microstructures and functions and experience diverse loading conditions. Yet, under many conditions, the mechanical behaviour of these tissues can be described well with similar nonlinearly elastic or inelastic constitutive relations, both in health and some diseases. Such constitutive relations are essential for performing nonlinear stress analyses, which in turn are critical for understanding physiology, pathophysiology and even clinical interventions, including surgery. Indeed, most cells within load-bearing soft tissues are highly sensitive to their local mechanical environment, which can typically be quantified using methods of continuum mechanics only after the constitutive relations are determined from appropriate data, often multi-axial. In this review, we discuss some of the many experimental findings of the structure and the mechanical response, as well as constitutive formulations for 10 representative soft tissues or organs, and present basic concepts of mechanobiology to support continuum biomechanical studies. We conclude by encouraging similar research along these lines, but also the need for models that can describe and predict evolving tissue properties under many conditions, ranging from normal development to disease progression and wound healing. An important foundation for biomechanics and mechanobiology now exists and methods for collecting detailed multi-scale data continue to progress. There is, thus, considerable opportunity for continued advancement of mechanobiology and biomechanics.

DIRETRIZES PARA O USO DE LINGUAGEM SIMPLES: PESQUISA E DESENVOLVIMENTO NO BRASIL E EM PORTUGAL

Professionals from different contexts have been developing more and more initiatives to facilitate communication with their audiences. From this perspective, Simple Language presents itself as an important resource, strategy and even movement that promotes communication accessibility. This work aims to investigate and present general concepts, methodologies and applications of the use of Simple Language with a view to identifying application guidelines. To this end, it is based on references from the areas of Design and Communication, mainly with regard to readability and legibility, as well as reference materials generated by bodies and institutions dedicated to the topic. To prepare this article, we opted for exploratory bibliographic research, which was based on the main terms and concepts of the research object, for a subsequent search for publications, both nationally and internationally – Brazil and Portugal. As final considerations, guidelines for using Simple Language were identified, as well as tools and applications that can be useful in the formation and development of materials that are more accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. Received: 2024/10/08 Accepted: 2024/10/22

A “Pipeline”-Based Approach for Automated Construction of Geoscience Knowledge Graphs

With the development of technology, Earth Science has entered a new era. Continuous research has generated a large amount of Earth Science data, including a significant amount of semi-structured and unstructured data, which contain information about locations, geographical concepts, geological characteristics of mineral deposits, and relationships. Efficient management of these Earth Science data is crucial for the development of digital earth systems, rational planning of resource industries, and resource security. By representing entities, relationships, and attributes through graph structures, knowledge graphs capture and present concepts and facts about the real world, facilitating efficient data management. However, due to the highly specialized and complex nature of Earth Science data and disciplinary differences, the methods used to construct general-purpose knowledge graphs cannot be directly applied to building knowledge graphs in the field of geological science. Therefore, this paper summarizes a “pipeline” approach to constructing an Earth Science knowledge graph in order to clarify the complete construction process and reduce barriers between data and technology. This approach divides the construction of the Earth Science knowledge graph into two parts and designs functional modules under each part to specify the construction process of the knowledge graph. In addition to proposing this approach, a knowledge graph of iron ore deposits is automatically constructed by integrating geographic and geological data related to iron ore deposits using deep learning techniques. The systematic approach presented in this paper reduces the threshold for constructing geological science knowledge graphs, provides methodological support for specific disciplines or research objects in Earth Science, and also lays the foundation for the construction of large-scale Earth Science knowledge graphs that combine crowdsourcing and expert decision-making, as well as the development of intelligent question-answering systems and intelligent decision-making systems covering the entire field of Earth Science.

SOSIALISASI SADAR WISATA BAGI SISWA SMA NEGERI 8 KEPULAUAN SULA

This community service activity was conducted to address the need for increased tourism awareness among young people in potential tourist destinations. The activity consisted of a socialization program on tourism awareness held in SMA Negeri 8 Kepulauan Sula, Sula Islands Regency, North Maluku Province. The main objective of this activity was to introduce a sense of tourism awareness in youth, in line with the government initiatives. The activity included several stages, such as pre-test, concept of tourism awareness presentation, and post-test. The result of this activity indicated that students had gained a solid understanding of the tourism awareness concepts which was shared during the session. It is hoped that this awareness will be passed on to students at other schools in Sula Islands regency and, ultimately, to the wider community in a non-formal manner.

Sustainable Hydrogen Production by Glycerol and Monosaccharides Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation (AD) in Homogeneous Phase.

In the quest for sustainable hydrogen production, the use of biomass-derived feedstock is gaining importance. Acceptorless Dehydrogenation (AD) in the presence of efficient and selective catalysts has been explored worldwide as a suitable method to produce hydrogen from hydrogen-rich simple organic molecules. Among these, glycerol and sugars have the advantage of being inexpensive, abundant, and obtainable from fatty acid basic hydrolysis (biodiesel industry) and from biomass by biochemical and thermochemical processing, respectively. Although heterogeneous catalysts are more widely used for hydrogen production from biomass-based feedstock, the harsh reaction conditions often limit their applicability due to the deactivation of active sites caused by the coking of carbonaceous materials. Moreover, heterogeneous catalysts are more difficult to fine-tune than homogeneous counterparts, and the latter also allow for high process selectivities under milder conditions. The present Concept article summarizes the main features of the most active homogeneous catalysts reported for glycerol and monosaccharides AD. In order to directly compare hydrogen production efficiencies, the choice of literature works was limited to reports where hydrogen was clearly quantified by yields and turnover numbers (TONs). The types of transition metals and ligands are discussed, together with a perspective view on future challenges of homogeneous AD reactions for practical applications.

Integration of confocal chromatic spectroscopy into a test bench concept for safety inspection practices, with focus on stress detection

Evaluating casting’s mechanical stress is of significant interest from a safety inspection’s point of view. Residual stress, in particular, leads to an early or even immediate failure of some parts. Therefore, several methods exist to determine casting’s external and internal strain leading to stress. By determining the state of stress and residual stress, it is possible to design casting parts that are much safer. The present concept of a test bench shows a new way of inspecting parts for safety reasons using an optical fiber confocal chromatic sensor to measure strain. The method is based on the deep-drilling method, where a minimal invasive hole is placed at an area of interest in the first step. In a second step, this hole is then precisely measured to be able to map the borehole. From this information, conclusions can be drawn of any forces acting on the inspected part. In this case, the concept of the test bench uses gun drills to place boreholes measuring 6.0 mm in diameter with up to 500.0 mm in depth, and for the inspection, a confocal sensor with a precision of ± 100.0 nm in dissolving distances is used. This work focuses on evaluating the test bench’s precision in conducting such measurements and on how an external thermal load and mechanical load influence the results when conducting differential measurements. The experiments are performed on typical cast alloys such as iron cast and Zamac.

Cause-and-effect relationship between elements of the country's economic security

Subject. I present my own concept of the country's economic security structure, the elements of which are economic stability, economic independence, and economic sovereignty. The article considers the problem of forming a system of indicators designed to assess economic security. Objectives. The article focuses on the analysis of Russia's historical experience in the interaction with the International Monetary Fund for 1990–1999. Methods. The study draws on comparative analysis, observation, and modeling. Results. The adoption of the recommendations of the International Monetary Fund by the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as the loss of economic stability, contributed to the loss of economic sovereignty. The paper confirms that the loss of economic stability leads to the reproduction of threats to economic independence and sovereignty. The loss of economic sovereignty increases the threats of loss of independence and stability. A decrease in the degree of independence contributes to the reproduction of threats to sovereignty and stability. Conclusions. Elements of the structure of economic security have cause-and-effect relationships and intersection zones, which should be taken into account when developing a system of indicators to measure the stability, independence and sovereignty of the national economy.

Single Electron Self-coherence and Its Wave/Particle Duality in the Electron Microscope.

Intensities in high-resolution phase-contrast images from electron microscopes build up discretely in time by detecting single electrons. A wave description of pulse-like coherent-inelastic interaction of an electron with matter implies a time-dependent coexistence of coherent partial waves. Their superposition forms a wave package by phase decoherence of 0.5 - 1 radian with Heisenbergs energy uncertainty ΔEH = ħ/2 Δt-1 matching the energy loss ΔE of a coherent-inelastic interaction and sets the interaction time Δt. In these circumstances, the product of Planck's constant and the speed of light hc is given by the product of the expression for temporal coherence λ2/Δλ and the energy loss ΔE. Experimentally, the self-coherence length was measured by detecting the energy-dependent localization of scattered, plane matter waves in surface proximity exploiting the Goos-Hänchen shift. Chromatic-aberration Cc-corrected electron microscopy on boron nitride (BN) proves that the coherent crystal illumination and phase contrast are lost if the self-coherence length shrinks below the size of the crystal unit cell at ΔE > 200 eV. In perspective, the interaction time of any matter wave compares with the lifetime of a virtual particle of any elemental interaction, suggesting the present concept of coherent-inelastic interactions of matter waves might be generalizable.

VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL CONTRA CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES: O OLHAR DA PSICOLOGIA SOB O VIÉS SOCIAL

Taking into account that sexual violence against children and adolescents in addition to the emotional and psychological damage constitutes a violation of this public duty, this study aims to point the psychologist in the psychosocial care of child and adolescent victims of sexual violence. Among the specific objectives, present concepts related to the phenomenon of violence, highlighting its main characteristics, type, statistics in order to highlight one of its forms, sexual violence against children and adolescents; Identify significant psychological harm of sexual violence process in childhood and adolescence; Characteristic of the social psychology emphasizing how was the insertion of psychologists in social protection services. The methodology is bibliographical, from the Virtual Library database in Health Psychology (BVS-Psi), in addition to statistical sources, books and technical guidance documents to professional psychology. It is concluded that the look of psychology under the psychosocial bias shows that the psychologist in cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents is not based solely on psychic phenomena, but through joint work with the Social Protection Service, the psychologist seeks to understand the breaks these subjects and meet their needs through psychosocial approach as well, through the implementation of strategies aimed at minimizing the damage suffered, restore ties and prevent occurrences.

Te Wāhi Whangai methodology: A nurturing space for storytelling, achievement and research

Te Wāhi Whangai (the nurturing space) is an innovative methodological approach informed by concepts rooted in a Māori worldview. Co-developed by a doctoral student, a kaiako raranga (weaving teacher), and a doctoral supervisory team, it integrates storytelling and healing into research within a therapeutic environment, addressing the necessity for culturally sustaining methodologies that invite wāhine (women) to openly share their stories. Developed for inquiry into wāhine’s experiences with substance use and their experiences during 6 months of a residential programme integrating parenting education with alcohol and drug treatment, Te Wāhi Whangai created a distinctive research environment within the treatment setting. The authors present concepts informing the development of Te Wāhi Whangai, including Kaupapa Māori, Mana Wāhine, Indigenous Storywork and Wānanga methodologies alongside design and conditions for application. Embracing a slower paced research environment, the methodology encourages participants to exercise agency in guiding conversations and envisioning the future to open possibilities for a different life. Its emphasis on cultural connection, doing while researching, and prioritising participant voices holds broader implications for Indigenous, Mana Wāhine (often referred to as Māori feminist discourses) and arts-based research methodologies, as well as other sensitive research settings.

Engineered Regenerative Isolated Peripheral Nerve Interface for Targeted Reinnervation.

A regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) offers a therapeutic solution for nerve injury through reconstruction of the target muscle. However, implanting a transected peripheral nerve into an autologous skeletal muscle graft in RPNI causes donor-site morbidity, highlighting the need for tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs. Here, an engineered regenerative isolated peripheral nerve interface (eRIPEN) is developed using 3D skeletal cell printing combined with direct electrospinning to create a nanofiber membrane envelop for host nerve implantation. In this in vivo study, after over 8 months of RPNI surgery, the eRIPEN exhibits a minimum Feret diameter of 15-20µm with a cross-sectional area of 100-500 µm2, representing the largest distribution of myofibers. Furthermore, neuromuscular junction formation and muscle contraction with a force of ≈28 N are observed. Notably, the decreased hypersensitivity to mechanical/thermal stimuli and an improved tibial functional index from -77 to -56 are found in the eRIPEN group. The present novel concept of eRIPEN paves the way for the utilization and application of tissue-engineered constructs in RPNI, ultimately realizing neuroprosthesis control through synaptic connections.

Decolonial Musings about Constitutionalism, the Constitution, and Democratic Future(s)

In “Two Cheers to Constitutionalism” Karl Klare and Dennis Davis take us through a longue durée analysis of South Africa’s constitutional democracy, its genesis, essence and implications for the future. Their reflections about the 25 years of South Africa’s constitution coincide with the 30-years milestone since the dawn of the so-called democratic breakthrough. In this article, I grapple with some of the epistemic and axiological specificities that define both the constitution of 1996 and the notion of a constitutional democracy in the afterlife of apartheid and colonialism. More directly, I invite both Klare & Davis to attempt to contend with South Africa through a decolonial lens. I invoke my own positionality, not only as a locus of enunciation, but as a legitimate marker in discussions about the constitution, and constitutionalism; my contention is that frank conversations about our own positionalities will help us sieve through and decisively discern between the [p]olitics and [P]olitics of the constitution. In fleshing out the four dominant themes/positions in ongoing debates about the constitution, I lean towards the grammar of constitutional abolitionists, to conclude that the fundamental crisis about the South African constitution and present conceptions of constitutionalism is that they are a normal framework in an abnormal society. Given our history/present of anti-Black racism, the systemic dehumanization of indigenous people, colonial theft/dispossession, epistemicides, historicides, linguisticides, et cetera, I insist that ours is an abnormal society, consequently an abnormal constitution/constitutionalism would have been a more just outcome.

Isonitrile Photochemistry: A Functional Group Class Coming in from the Cold.

Starting from a historical background that acknowledges isonitriles as a neglected class of compounds due to their unpleasant smell and hardly controlled reaction conditions with open shell species, the present concept article aims at highlighting the seeds of the modern isonitrile photochemistry. Representative essential transformations achieved via either UV light irradiation or radical initiators at high temperatures are brought into play to draw a parallel with the current literature relying on the exploitation of visible light photochemical methods. Such a comparison points out the potential of this enabling technology to further expand the scope of isonitrile chemistry and the unmet challenges which makes it a very stimulating field.

A reagent-free, sequence-dependent in situ peptide self-cyclization strategy under physiological condition

Cyclic peptides are an important class of bioactive molecules used as drugs as well as biomolecular probes. Peptide cyclization under the physiological environment, without added chemicals or reagents, would be a highly useful technique for in situ applications. A simple, highly efficient, and green procedure for side-chain to side-chain in situ peptide cyclization is established here at the physiological condition. The methodology further allows the release of small biologically active molecules through peptide self-cyclization. Bioactive molecules, as well as other organic leaving groups (having primary or secondary alcohol as a functional group), were conjugated to a short peptide RXE sequence (X = Pro/Ala/Gly). The peptides were designed to undergo cyclization under physiological conditions and release the covalently attached chemotherapeutic drug and nucleobases, in a controlled manner. In vitro studies were performed in detail, with optimized physiological parameters, to understand the kinetics as well as the mechanism of self-cyclization. The mechanism of action was investigated by HPLC and ESI-Mass spectrometry. The conformational change, due to cyclization of the peptides, was monitored by CD spectroscopy. The present concept of peptide self-cyclization leading to a bond cleavage could be a potential method of delivery of small, bioactive molecules such as chemotherapeutic drugs.

Liudijimo literatūros reikšmė žmogaus teisių sampratai

The paper analyses whether witness literature could supplement the existing discussion on the nature of human rights. Contemporary theories of human rights are divided into two main groups – ethical and political theories. The latter theories present different conception of human dignity which is the fundamental concept for the understanding of human rights. The author claims that witness literature, by virtue of its frequent focus on the issues of human dignity, can assist in evaluating the arguments presented by ethical and political theories, thus contributing to the ongoing discussion and to the better understanding of human rights.

Patient motivation: A concept analysis.

Patient motivation is crucial in maintaining health-improving activities and helping patients recover from illnesses. Despite extensive research on patient motivation, this concept has not been clearly defined and remains ambiguous. The latest analysis of patient motivation was over two decades ago, thus necessitating the need to reexamine it in more updated literature. This study aims to explore the concept of patient motivation. The eight-step approach of Walker and Avant was used: concept selection, determining analysis aim, identifying concept use, defining attributes, model case identification, borderline and contrary case identification, antecedents and consequences identification, and empirical referent identification. Five databases, CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect, were searched for published works between 2014 and 2024 using the keywords "patient" and "motivation." The identified attributes of patient motivation are a psychological drive, a desire to adopt healthy behaviors, and goal-directed action. Antecedents of patient motivation are self-efficacy, provider-patient communication, and social support. Patient motivation leads to consequences, including healthier lifestyles and greater adherence and compliance. The present concept analysis draws upon current literature to suggest the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of patient motivation. Nurses can promote healthier lifestyles and greater adherence and compliance among patients by employing techniques to raise self-efficacy and provide social support while enhancing patient-centered interactions.

Implementation of PSAK 109 Concerning Financial Reporting of Zakat, Donation/Charity Accounting at BAZNAS

The main factor causing the failure to achieve the potential for receiving zakat, infaq and alms in zakat management institutions is the lack of public trust in the management institutions, so that guidelines for preparing financial reports are needed, namely PSAK No. 109 concerning accounting for zakat, infaq/alms. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the financial report of zakat, infak/alms at the National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS), which can then be seen how the financial report is made by BAZNAS. This study uses a descriptive method which is carried out through observation, data collection and direct interviews with the Head of BAZNAS. This study is intended to look at the concepts of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure that occur at the National Zakat Agency, and to provide an overview of the financial report of zakat, infak/alms, which then analyzes the conformity of the financial report of zakat, infak/alms at BAZNAS with the applicable standards, namely PSAK No. 109. The results of this study indicate that transparency and accountability in the financial reports of zakat, infak/alms at BAZNAS have been carried out and analyzed based on PSAK No. 109, which consists of five components of financial reports, namely, financial position report, fund change report, managed asset change report, cash flow report, and notes to the financial reports. The National Zakat Agency has been proven to have carried out the bookkeeping process in accordance with the accounting concept in PSAK Number 109 in terms of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure.

Water Chemistry at the Nanoscale: Clues for Resolving the “Water Paradox” Underlying the Emergence of Life

AbstractWater is the most common, yet highly peculiar, liquid on Earth. Biological systems manipulate the properties of water to perform reactions that are extremely difficult in synthetic chemistry. One such example is polymerization, which is essential for life and requires the removal of water; however, the removal of water adversely affects the redox reactions that harness the free energy to sustain life. This dichotomy in the water chemistry of life is referred to as the “water paradox”, which remains an unsolved puzzle in the origins of life research. In the present concept paper, we propose that the water paradox may be resolved if anomalous water behavior, including the extremely low dielectric constant and modulation of the enthalpy‐entropy compensation relationship arising from nanoscale confinement, are considered. The unique properties of confined water allow for polymerization reactions to proceed even in water‐rich hydrothermal vent (HV) environments due to the structurally aligned nanopores within HV walls. Studies of how structural changes in water networks in nano‐spaces affect catalysis and free energy exchange represent the next frontier in the field of origins of life research and synthetic chemistry.