Concept Of Peace Research Articles

فقه السلم المدني في السنة النبوية، دراسة تأصيلية.

This research explores the concept of civil peace within the Prophet's Sunnah (sayings and practices). It examines the theoretical foundations, practical applications, and historical emphasis on peace throughout the Prophet's life. The goal is to extract valuable lessons for promoting peace in today's world. The focus is on highlighting the importance of peace in society and reviving Islamic legal principles for handling disagreements between social groups, emphasizing dialogue over conflict. The research concludes by proposing the Prophet's Sunnah and biography as a model for managing societal disagreements. It calls for reviewing Islamic jurisprudence on peace and disagreement, re-evaluating interpretations in light of contemporary challenges, and implementing educational and media initiatives that promote the values of peace.

The Land for Peace Message Between Israel and Jordan: The Case of Baqura and Ghamr

Israel has reached historic agreements in its sought-after objective of recognition—each unique. There is a similarity between agreements between Israel and neighboring states. These agreements were with Egypt (1979) and Jordan (1994) . In both these, land for peace was an element. That is a legalistic interpretation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 adopted on November 22, 1967, in the aftermath of the Arab–Israeli War of 1967. There are two arguments on the land for peace concept. One is that there were more historical and significant reasons for peace than land. The other is that every millimeter of land is significant and not overlooked. Looking at both, this article examines the agreement with Jordan, focusing on two small farmland areas in the border areas referred to as Baqura and Ghamr in Arabic and Naharayim and Tzofar in Hebrew. The agreement was a land lease for 25 years (1994–2019). It could have been extended after that, yet Jordan called for its return, which Israel accepted. This is examined under four headings: Where did the land come from? The Israel–Jordan peace treaty; legal viewpoint; and private ownership versus state sovereignty. The take-out from such a message of land for peace examination is to bear the findings in mind for future agreements with Israel on how much land for peace, where, how, and why. The bottom line is that strong leadership and issues other than land may be more important in achieving a peace treaty, yet land for peace is a strong message.

Prevention as a norm cluster? Mapping China's contestation on atrocity prevention

Abstract This article argues that China's rhetorical support for prevention at the United Nations obscures its underlying contestation of atrocity prevention in both conception and practice. It introduces a novel conceptual framework, coined as the two-level norm cluster of prevention, which includes three conceptually aligned yet distinct parts: operational conflict prevention, direct atrocity prevention and root-cause prevention. Drawing on interviews and policy documents, this article finds that China conflates direct atrocity prevention with operational conflict prevention, with a preference for the agenda of conflict prevention, as seen in China's divergent commitments to preventing armed conflicts and peacetime atrocities. This conflation represents a deliberate political choice rather than a result of misunderstanding or lack of knowledge regarding their distinctions. China also endorses a strong linkage between direct atrocity prevention and development-focused root cause prevention. Despite China's growing assertiveness in shaping liberal norms and the favourable perception of its development-focused approaches among elite groups in host states, the Chinese government hesitates to officially promote the scholarly concept of developmental peace and present it as an alternative to the existing liberal principles. This reluctance reflects China's intention to avoid explicit confrontation with liberal norms and its concerns about the potential failure of norm entrepreneurship.

Aṡar Ad Dīn Fī Tanmiyaħ Wa Tarsīkh Qīmaħ As Silmi Al Ijtimāī’

The aim of the research is to clarify the concept of peace in Islam, and to define its importance and value in Islam, and that Islam is the religion of peace. The one based on adherence to Islamic values is the one that lasts for a long time, and the research is presented to show humanity’s need for the religion of Islam, and its impact on achieving, strengthening and consolidating the concepts of social peace, which is the prominent feature of this religion, as it regulates people’s lives, and is considered as a revelation that guides minds and thus achieves The integrity and stability of the human soul, as religion is one of the important and necessary aspects of human life and society, as it is the one that guarantees the achievement of justice and equality among people. The descriptive and analytical approaches are a way to achieve its goal, the research plan: the research is organized into an introduction, two sections, a conclusion, and recommendations. search

Perceptions of War-Peace and Ukraine-Russia in Textbooks Corresponding to Russia and Ukraine Social Studies Course

This study examined how the perceptions of war and peace and the perceptions of both countries towards each other are handled in the textbooks corresponding to social studies course in Russia and Ukraine. The analysis of the compared textbooks in terms of targeted images is also related to the current Russia-Ukraine war. In this study designed as qualitative research, the data were obtained through descriptive analysis. The first finding of the study revealed that in the textbooks analysed in terms of the frequency of use of the concepts of war and peace and the target country-nation expression; the concept of war is more frequent than the concept of peace at all grade levels in both countries. The second finding showed that in general, the Ukrainian-Ukraine image in Russian social studies textbooks is neutral, while the Russian-Russia image in Ukrainian history textbooks is negative. Another finding of the study is that the Russian and Ukrainian social studies textbooks use various visuals that evoke the concepts of war and peace. The last finding of the study revealed that various metaphors, implicit messages, or slogan-like expressions in terms of the concept of war, peace and target country-nation were encountered in the textbooks corresponding to social studies course in Russia and Ukraine.

Peace education for an equitable and sustainable world

Peace is not only the epicenter of the global geopolitics but it has also been one of the most consistent and cherished desires of mankind in every époque. Violence as a discursive method and a mouthpiece of antagonistic epistemologies and hierarchies of value, from youth/gender violence to international warfare, designates peace an imperative task for today’s education. With the aim to synthesize an interpretive instrument for a co-existing, interdependent, and complex system of peace concepts, this paper (1) models an ecology of four peace conceptualizations: Negative peace, Positive peace, Homeostatic peace, Futuristic peace; (2) situates these conceptualizations within peace education and SDGs discourses; and (3) provides theoretical structure for integrating peace and peace education studies in the fields of comparative-international and sustainability education. This theoretical analysis is based on the premise that the purpose, content and scope of peace education for an equitable and sustainable world greatly depend on a concept of peace in the minds of education stakeholders.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IDEA OF SUSTAINABLE PEACE

In today's world, the idea of sustainable peace has become not only an aspiration, but also an important goal of every society. This concept is not limited to the absence of war or conflict, but also includes a state of harmony, mutual understanding and mutual respect between nations, groups and individuals. Achieving sustainable peace requires not only diplomatic agreements and international efforts, but also the active participation of citizens and the development of cultural structures designed to support peaceful coexistence. In today's geopolitical environment, characterized by conflicts and tensions at all levels, it is important to understand what concrete steps can help build sustainable peace. Institutional strategies for the development of cultural and socio-cultural activities can be one of the key components of these steps, as they aim to raise the socio-cultural level and promote mutual understanding and interaction between different groups. In particular, the development of cultural institutions that provide artistic and cultural value can help reduce social inequality and improve educational standards. Given the potential of culture to unite different social groups, the development of cultural institutions can serve as a mechanism to support social integration and mutual understanding. In addition, an important component of the institutional strategy is to support and develop creative industries, promote economic growth and create new opportunities for youth and innovation. This can play a key role in developing innovative and creative solutions to social problems, including issues of interethnic and interreligious interaction, understanding and tolerance. Another important aspect of institutional strategies is their role in creating a space for dialogue and exchange of ideas between different cultural and social groups. This can help develop shared values and lay the groundwork for joint initiatives in education, culture and the arts, thereby helping to build sustainable peace. Another key aspect of these strategies is their ability to influence the formation of public consciousness and values, which are crucial for maintaining peace and harmony. Institutional strategies for cultural development are reflected in cultural development plans and facilitate the creation of cultural products and activities that promote the exchange of experiences and mutual understanding between different cultural communities. An important component of the institutional strategy is to promote education and awareness of citizens on cultural tolerance, mutual understanding and respect for differences. This can create an enabling environment for the development of sustainable peace and promote understanding and acceptance of different cultural identities. In this context, institutional strategies for cultural development and socio-cultural activities are becoming key tools for implementing the concept of sustainable peace in Ukraine. They include a wide range of measures aimed at supporting and developing cultural institutions, creative industries, promoting cultural diversity and mutual understanding between different groups of society. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of institutional strategies for the development of cultural and socio-cultural activities is extremely important for understanding the processes taking place in society and developing effective measures to promote sustainable peace in Ukraine. Research work on this topic is relevant and important in the context of the complexity of the current political situation in Ukraine and around the world. Institutional strategies for the development of cultural and socio-cultural activities can be an important tool in supporting and promoting peace processes, but their effectiveness requires in-depth analysis and sound recommendations for further improvement.

Manjkavost liberalnog nacionalizma kao uslova pozitivnog mira na Balkanu

The subject of the paper is liberal nationalism as the only acceptable form of nationalism for the Balkans, which has been imposed and allowed by the so-called great forces (the EU and the USA) after the end of the Cold War for this, from a political and ethnic aspect, unstable region. Liberal nationalism is an integral part of liberal peacebuilding, a dominant matrix on a global level, and it has been established as one of its strategies for building and maintaining positive peace, the conditions of normal functioning and the path of the Balkan countries towards the European Union. The paper first explains the concept of positive peace and provides an overview of the state in our region, and then it points to the central ideas of liberalism and nationalism as the foundations of liberal nationalism, whose features are stated thereafter. The focus of the paper is on the analysis of the shortcomings of liberal nationalism since political and ethnic crises in the Balkan countries in the last decade indicate that, in the imposed basis of peace in these societies, "something is not right". As the most obvious drawback of the application of liberal nationalism in the Balkans, favoring political nation model has been identified, which is contrary to the history and specificities of Balkan peoples (it resulted in the projects such as the building of the so-called Bosnian and Montenegrin nation, which has deepened ethnic-identity conflicts as the basis of political crises endangering the functioning of these states). In the concluding remarks, as a basic way to solve this drawback, or rather the illogicality, of liberal nationalism as a condition for positive peace in our region, focusing and returning to the cultural model of the nation is proposed because, firstly, this is the authentic feature of this type of nationalism, which is in accordance with its origin and characteristics, and secondly, the cultural-ethnic determination of the nation is the prevailing and authentic model of the nation in the Balkans. This idea about emphasizing the primary status of a cultural version of a nation refers to the aspect of liberal nationalism on the necessity of including national belonging, as an integral part of cultural belonging, in primary goods that the state ensures for its citizens, which means that liberal state cannot be fully ethnically neutral either. Furthermore, the cultural nation model, as an autochthonous feature of Balkan peoples, needs to be included more intensively in all the segments of liberal peacebuilding, whereby its adverse effects would be mitigated in the Balkans at least in part.

Anger and Reconciliation

Emotions are a much-neglected aspect of contemporary peace ethics, which is surprising if only because the concept of positive peace encompasses a certain emotional commitment. Moreover, some emotions explicitly promote separation, conflict, and even violence. Anger is an ambivalent emotion that, on the one hand, evokes conflict but, on the other hand, expresses a sense of justice. Anger can be soothed by forgiveness, and forgiveness can lead to reconciliation. However, in individual ethics, the conceptual and factual connections are easier to explain than in political contexts, where collectives must be considered as actors. Martha Nussbaum recently subjected both anger and forgiveness to a well-founded critique. In contrast to this, however, a qualified defense will be made in the following.

The Nature of War

The traditional definition of war given by classical authors is, that war is a violent conflict between sovereigns. This means that war cannot be outlawed by any higher authority, since the sovereign is the uppermost authority upon the lives of the persons that are subject to them. Only the sovereign has the right and the power to forbid the violent resolution of conflicts among their subjects, and as sovereign they are not subject to any higher worldly power, but only to the power of God. The obligations to God are for the most classical authors not of legal nature but constitute the realm of morality. Thus, the main question for the classical authors on war theory is the clarification of the moral conditions that justify a sovereign to wage war against another sovereign, the so-called theory of just war. Since the classical authors subordinate the concept of war under the concept of justice, the theory of just war includes reflections about the proper means of conducting a war from the point of view of justice. In other words, the theory of just war also formulates criteria for such acts that are considered as war crimes. In this essay I will not challenge the theory of just war itself, but the traditional definition of war in terms of exertion of legitimate violence. My alternative definition will be given in the third section of the essay, and relies on the Platonic concept of peace, and on the Aristotelian concepts of privation and analogy. I think that violence is not a constitutive characteristic of war, but the conceptual, i.e., logical consequence of its definition. In other words, the state of war can be declared and persist without any acts of violence. The use of violence is justified by the manifestation of the state of war.

A Philosophical Expose Towards A ‘God After God’

The escalation of violent incidents in recent times has brought religions to the forefront of world politics, resulting in a shift from their traditional role as conduits of divine revelation to becoming instruments of power and dominance. This phenomenon of kratophany exemplifies the manifestation of violence within religious contexts. The occurrence of violence may be attributed to the foundation of eschatological interpretations within various theological frameworks. The emergence of religious triumphalism and fundamentalism stemming from these theological perspectives has posed a significant danger to both world peace and ecumenical dialogue. The need for peace among faiths has transitioned from being a mere choice to an urgent necessity in contemporary times. The deity that is sought to be understood via the lens of eschatology is a divine being that exists in the future, sometimes referred to as an "after God." Hence, in order to get this comprehension, it is imperative to relinquish any remnants of onto-theological thought that now plague the eschatological analysis of religions. The violent interpretations of eschatologies used by Abrahamic faiths result in a significant loss of significance. The present research aims to address the hermeneutic context that poses a threat of religious violence. This intervention might be likened to Abraham getting Isaac back after first renouncing the notion of a violent sacrifice. In the present day, it is imperative for the Abrahamic faiths to discontinue the practise of harsh sacrifice and instead embrace the concept of peace as a valuable offering.

Enlightenment Ireland and the Concept of World Peace

Ireland’s paradoxical status within the British empire has been thoroughly researched and theorised. Ireland can now be imagined as both a subject nation and a recruiting ground for imperial profiteers. The thin red line emerges as disproportionately green while research into the slave trade reveals heavy Irish investment. Meanwhile eighteenth-century European imperialism flourishes alongside the earliest theorisations of “World Peace”, whether figured spatially as “universally peace” or temporally as “perpetual peace”. The Abbé Saint-Pierre’s influential work Projet pour rendre la paix perpétuelle en Europe (1713) attracted the appreciative attention of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant. Scholars debate the credibility of such projects, but their influence was considerable. Saint-Pierre’s notion of a European union which can arbitrate to prevent war fascinates, but it ignores conflicts arising from competitive global colonisation and by freezing pre-existing frontiers it may crush nationalist aspirations. What is Ireland’s place in the imagining of a world without war in the eighteenth century? To what extent is Ireland complicit in the entrenched injustices of a Pax Britannica and to what extent does a projected demilitarised world offer prospects for genuine self-determination? Looking at verse which celebrates the conclusion of various eighteenth-century conflicts, this article considers celebrations of the idea of “Peace” from Irish literary (and sub-literary) sources and attempts to consider the mixture of hopes and fears that animate understandings of how particular conflicts are concluded. The ways and means whereby “peaces” are extended in the literary imagination give a clue to versions of “enlightened” Irish futurity.

The system of characters in the novel «Erenger» by Mari writer M. Shketan

This article is devoted to the analysis of the correlation of characters with each other, their individual characteristics in the novel by Yakov Pavlovich Mayorov (pen name is Shketan) «Erener». The artistic significance of literary characters in revealing the ideological and thematic content of the work, its problems, ways of expressing their character are revealed. Such heroes as Evai Petr, Vanka Savelyev, Verush, Orina, Shamrai Shumat, Klavdia Algaeva, being in the center of the prose writer’s attention and having a firm character and strong will, are actively transform the artistic reality. Through actions, deeds performed, external and internal manifestations of the personality of the main character Evai Petyr, the author’s basic concept of peace and man in it is expressed. This large art canvas reflects the history, life, culture of the Mari people of the early 20th century; the spiritual appearance and character of the Soviet people. The writer managed to reveal the individual originality of the character traits of each hero of the work, psychologically subtly outline his inner world, thoughts and experiences. Revealing the fate of typical heroes of different social strata: the social formation of communists, rural intelligentsia, wealthier peasants and merchants, poor peasants who were the first to support Soviet regime, M. Shketan tells about the life of the Mari people in the period before the October Revolution of 1917, in the first decade of Soviet regime. The wide coverage of political, social problems and deep coverage of life processes in all their complexity and versatility, a vivid character system determined the artistic significance of the work. The main feature in the depiction of the novel’s characters is that their life is shown in a creative relationship: influencing each other, changing the social system, the way of life, they change the heroes themselves.

Rekonstrukcja strategii Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec Tajwanu podczas prezydentury Josepha Bidena

RECONSTRUCTING THE US STRATEGY TOWARDS TAIWAN DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF JOSEPH BIDEN Adopting the model of neoclassical realism and elements of the American-centric nationalist paradigm, the paper examines both systemic factors stemming from the Sino-American power rivalry and internal ones referring to the populist traditions of American foreign policy. The main goal of America regarding Taiwan was to use its relationship with the island in its policy of containment of China by emphasizing Taiwan’s right to decide its future and preventing China from taking over the island by force. Along with deepening bilateral cooperation, the administration used multilateral mechanisms to promote the concept of peace and security across the Taiwan Strait as an essential element of the global order, which increased the number of countries interested in maintaining the status quo. Russia’s aggression against Ukraine heightened concerns about the possibility of PRC’s attack on Taiwan, prompting the Biden administration to intensify pressure on Taipei to accelerate military reform. However, the accentuation of closer relations between Washington and Taipei was interpreted by China as a provocative crossing of more “red lines,” leading to an intensification of repressive measures against Taiwan and the consolidation of bellicose rhetoric directed against both Washington and Taipei.

Unlocking HAMKA's Insights on Inner Peace in Tafsir al-Azhar

This life is like a chain of problems that will continue until the world ends. So, as long as humans still live in the world, they will be faced with problems. However, what differentiates one human from another is the way they deal with problems. Some face it with anxiety, but some can get through it calmly. This calm is an essential discussion of this research. Considering that HAMKA is a mufassir and figure of Sufism, of course, his interpretation is also very much needed to find the essence of mental peace. There is also a research objective, namely, to find out the concept of mental peace according to HAMKA in the Tafsir al-Azhar book. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach. This research uses thematic interpretive research with ontological, epistemological, and axiological analysis. After conducting research, the results were obtained, namely the concept of mental peace from the word sakinah, namely feeling optimistic because you are confident in help from Allah when facing a critical or unfavorable situation. Meanwhile, from the word ithmi'nân, mental calm is a balanced condition that a person feels. The way to achieve peace of mind is to put your trust in Allah and always recite the dhikr of Allah. Meanwhile, the positive impact of mental peace is being wise in making decisions, being kept away from feelings of anxiety, and being able to live life well. Meanwhile, the negative impact if the soul is not calm is that feelings of doubt and anxiety arise and take unwise actions because they are carried away by lust.

UNESCO role in countering extremism and achieving peace in Iraq

Human societies suffer from the spread of the phenomenon of extremism and hatred, especially in countries immersed in wars, fighting and conflicts that always lead to a state of divisions among members of society and thus destroy peace, where the concept of peace and renunciation of extremism, which is means (a set of beliefs and ideas that go beyond what is agreed upon politically, socially and religiously, and extremism is linked to what is primarily intellectual), is closely related to the policies and trends taken by governments and international organizations, especially UNESCO, which is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations which is concerned with education and culture. In Iraq, there are many reasons behind the increase of the phenomenon of extremism, some of which are political, social, and economic, and these reasons must be addressed in order for violence to be combated and peace prevails, which we need it so much at this time so that we can live like the rest of the developed countries.

What do we know about religion and interreligious peace? A review of the quantitative literature

AbstractInterreligious relations remain an important dimension of human coexistence and we currently observe an increase in religiously motivated violence and discrimination. Hence, we need to better understand determinants of interreligious peace. Building on a new concept of interreligious peace which includes but exceeds the absence of interreligious physical violence, we provide a systematic review of 83 quantitative empirical studies examining religious determinants of interreligious physical violence, hostile attitudes, threat perceptions, trust, and cooperation. We find that religious ideas foster or hinder interreligious peace depending on their content. Religious identities have negative effects but must be considered in context. Evidence regarding the role of religious practice is mixed and the role of religious actors and institutions remains understudied. Our results show the need for (1) more conceptual clarity, (2) replications in different contexts, (3) research on dimensions of religion beyond identities, and (4) a better integration of different strands of literature.

The Role of Women and the Contextualization of Peace in Modern Times: Analysis on Hadith Perspective

Muslim women have been acknowledged for their huge contributions in building community, serving society, and promoting peace as reported in Hadith literature and Sīrah Nabawiyyah. This study aims to highlight related Hadiths concerning women and their roles in promoting peace, particularly from two authentic Hadith collections: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhāri and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. This study also intends to present ontology visualisation of the collected Hadiths concerning women and peace. It focuses on how the Hadith describes the concept of peace in relation to women, and how women can practice her rights in building and maintaining peace. As a qualitative study, there are different approaches applied in determining the relationship between women and peace. First, gathering Hadiths into several themes related to peace by applying the thematic approach. Second, is the ontological mapping approach which aims in building and exhibit the relationship between women and peace, from the Hadith perspective. Third, an analytical approach is applied in order to analyze historical, logical, and contextual aspects of the related Hadiths. The finding shows that though the number of Hadiths concerning women and peace might be limited, those related Hadiths give a massive impact, particularly on women, and all mankind.

Toll Road Construction: The Concept of Justice and Community Peace Against Environmental Change

The Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) always encourages the completion of toll roads in every region in Indonesia in accelerating barrier-free connectivity for the community, one of which is the Trans Sumatra toll road at the Indralaya - Muara Enim intersection along 119 km. The purpose of this study is to find the right and appropriate pattern for the community around the toll road construction so that justice and peace can be realized over the environmental changes. This study uses a qualitative approach with inductive data analysis. Data collection is done repeatedly and continuously with triangulation techniques to produce a concept. Types and strategies in research are case studies. The analysis tools used are NVivo 12 Plus. The results of the study found a concept that creates justice and peace in the community due to the construction of toll roads. Environmental changes that occur must be based on the principle of benefit and benefit. The construction of toll roads must involve the local community in order to create conducive conditions in the pre, process and post-implementation processes. Negative impacts on the environment in the development process must be minimized through dialogue and contributions from the surrounding community. The conclusion of this study is that the construction of the Indarala – Muara Enim toll road as a whole is classified as meeting the requirements of the needs of the benefit, but there is still a lack of anticipation from this implementation project because there are still community complaints that can be read from respondents' responses. Environmental changes related to toll road construction must use a structured and orderly concept. In this case, the concept of environmental change must be bound by rules and regulations to anticipate and provide solutions for the negative impacts that occur and will occur, in the form of minimal compensation for land or land and buildings affected by the project. at a reasonable price, dealing with contaminated or polluted air and noise quickly and responsively.

Positive peace and environmental sustainability: Local evidence from Afghanistan and Nepal

Climate and other forms of global environmental change are transforming the security landscape where peace and conflict manifest. Given that most studies on the relationship between peace and the environment focus on (the absence of) violent conflicts or negative peace, this study seeks to identify environmental security issues at the local or community levels using the concept of positive peace. A thematic analysis of focus group discussions from Afghanistan and Nepal, two countries with histories of violent conflict and vulnerable to climate change, reveals non-violent security issues that could undermine resilience to conflict and environmental change. In Afghanistan, local communities view poor water quality and inequitable water distribution as outstanding issues related to government inaction. In Nepal, local communities perceive threats of wild animals and agricultural problems as prominent issues linked to inadequate government support. These findings confirm the value of positive peace in illuminating and contextualizing the relationship between peace and environmental sustainability. This integrated framework can contribute to a more holistic approach toward climate security and environmental peacebuilding.