Concept Of Object Research Articles

Exploring the Urban Environment in the Educational Design of Design Objects for Public Spaces

The purpose of the study is to find ways of involving students of the “Environmental Design” speciality in solving real problems of open public spaces in cities by means of design during educational process. General scientific methods of theoretical research are applied: analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison. The novelty of the research. In view of the relevance of creating high-quality public places in the urban environment and the presence of a significant number of problems associated with the placement of design elements in public space, it was considered necessary to include in the educational process of students majoring in Environmental Design the exploration of the real-existing urban environment to improve its quality at the artistic and design level. The task of developing the concept of a multifunctional design object with pronounced artistic and figurative characteristics in the public space has been proposed and substantiated. The article reveals the sequence of basic steps of pre-design research intended to guide students to learn how to analyse (from the point of view of design) the existing state of public spaces in which students can feel themselves as direct users and designers. The basis of this task is the methodology for performing pre-design research and forming conceptual ideas in the field of Environmental Design. The main teaching method is the project method as a set of research problematic methods of creative direction. Conclusions. Such pre-design research can be carried out as part of a course or diploma project; or as a separate task in the process of studying professional disciplines in the field of Environmental Design. Exposing students to the real problems of the urban environment and involving them in solving the issues in the educational process will help prevent unconscious neglect of the context in their future professional careers. As a result of the assignment, students learn to notice and distinguish elements of the urban environment, to be critical of design objects in public space, to approach their design only after a comprehensive pre-design analysis, to understand the importance of visual purity of space and to appreciate the integrity of the existing architectural composition. Presenting to their fellow students the rationale for adopted solutions helps them critically evaluate their ideas and prepare for active participation in public projects to improve the comfort, social attractiveness, and the urban environment safety.

Cinematic journalism: the political economy and ‘emotional truth’ of documentary film

ABSTRACT News organizations in recent years have embraced documentary film. From streaming ventures to Academy Award nominations, newsrooms are producing documentaries to reach new audiences and maintain their relevance in changing media cultures. This study examines documentary’s surging popularity among news outlets and addresses two questions: How does the political economy of media affect filmmakers’ editorial decisions and aesthetic choices? And, how do seemingly commonplace audiovisual and production techniques – such as music, lighting, sound design, and directing – complicate journalistic norms? Drawing on in-depth interviews with journalistic filmmakers (n = 24), the study offers three findings: the political economy of digital media is altering the production and distribution models for documentary, creating ethical dilemmas for filmmakers; the relational dynamics among filmmakers, participants, and audiences significantly inform the ethical frameworks that filmmakers use; and the ‘emotional truth’ of documentary storytelling forces filmmakers to reevaluate their conceptions of objectivity and neutrality. The study illuminates the relationship between documentary and journalism, and details how filmmakers are navigating the increasingly-blurry boundaries between these fields.

Using Virtual Outcrop Models as a Geological Learning Media

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted various sectors due to a new wave of technology rising shortly, specifically geological learning models. Using research and development methods, the research aims to develop more scientific observations as a provision for pre-field work activities at Geophysical Engineering Department Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. Furthermore, we need a media that can provide learning that can emphasize process skills and students' abilities to determine and understand the objective concepts of material. Virtual outcrop models integrated with video learning platform can fulfil the learning process by providing experience in observations outcrops directly in the class. A three-dimensional (3D) Virtual Outcrop Model (VOMs) was created using the photogrammetry software Agisoft PhotoScan based on photos taken in the field using smartphones and drones. The existence of this media is expected to add direct experience to visualize how geological phenomena occur in nature. The learning activities are divided into four sequential stages: observation, data collection, interpretation, and hypothesis giving. 87% of respondents stated that learning models using VOMs and videos can boost their knowledge of scientific observation. This learning method can help improve academic achievement because it applies technology implementation in theory and practice, providing geological information to us

Sufficiency as a Value Standard: From Preferences to Needs

ABSTRACT This paper outlines a conceptual framework for a sufficiency economy, defining sufficiency as the space between a generalizable notion of human wellbeing and ungeneralisable excess. It assumes an objective and universal concept of human needs to define a ‘floor’ and the concept of planetary boundaries to define a ‘ceiling’. This is set up as an alternative to the dominant preference satisfaction theory of value. It begins with a brief survey of the potential contributions of sufficientarianism and limitarianism to this endeavor before outlining a theory of objective, universal human need. This recognizes the contextual variable nature of need satisfiers and the distinct methodology required to adjudicate necessities. It then turns to the planetary boundaries literature and utilizes a sequence of causal and normative reasoning to derive an operational ceiling and the concept of ungeneralisable luxuries. The final section addresses how the concepts of floors and ceilings might be operationalized via forms of dialogic democracy but noting the absence of any such institutions at the global level. Its policy conclusion is that a safe climate cannot be achieved through supply-side mitigation alone, and that fair demand-side mitigation necessarily requires a clear distinction between necessities and unnecessary luxuries, between which (hopefully) lies a space of sufficiency.

Metapresentiality: a foundational concept for a critical theory of digital health.

In this text, I propose the concept of "metapresentiality" as a fundamental element for a Critical Theory of Digital Health. First, I present the concepts of technique, technology, and technical object, central to the theories of Álvaro Vieira Pinto and Milton Santos. Secondly, based on Luciano Floridi's philosophy of information, I question the relevance of the dichotomy real-material-concrete vs. digital-virtual-informational as an ontological foundation for concepts of reality, place, and presence, highlighting the notions of virtual reality and extended reality. Thirdly, I introduce an etymological-historical critique of the series presence-telepresence-metapresence, focusing on the emerging notion of meta-presentiality in the form of proto-concept and its eventual formalization as a conceptual foundation for a socio-technical appropriation and technosocial integration of digital technologies. Finally, I discuss Digital Health as a field of knowledge, techniques and practices and evaluate epistemological and pragmatic advantages of metapresentiality as a concept in the fields of computing, education and health.

The Concept of Truth in the Law

The article analyses the role of facts in the Law and examines the standards of proof of facts. It examines the prevalence of the use of the concepts of objective, formal and material truth as the purpose of proof in the Lithuanian legal regulation, legal literature and jurisprudence and assesses the correctness of the use of these concepts. The peculiarities of the standard of proof of facts in cases of constitutional justice are discussed.

A hierarchical spatio‐temporal object knowledge graph model for dynamic scene representation

AbstractSpatio‐temporal knowledge is essential in understanding the dynamic aspects of complex scenes. However, existing knowledge graphs have limitations, such as inadequate time description, inflexible expression of semantic relationships, and difficulties in accessing GIS platforms. The article proposes the spatio‐temporal object knowledge graph (STOKG), consisting of the object concept layer, spatio‐temporal object layer, and dynamic version layer. To demonstrate the practical usefulness of the STOKG model, the Henan epidemic knowledge graph is created using epidemiological data from early 2020, which shows the dynamic evolution of the spatio‐temporal objects of cases from the geography and semantic perspectives. Finally, the STOKG model is compared with the existing models in terms of accuracy, completeness and repetitiveness. The experimental results show that the STOKG model provides a more flexible and comprehensive approach to representing spatio‐temporal knowledge, which is useful for applications in fields such as geography, epidemiology, and environmental science.

The Economics of Tax Behavior: The Absence of a Reflexive Ethical-Economic Agent

In this article I do four things. First, I set out and critique mainstream economic theory of tax evasion and its lack of a reflexive ethical-economic agent. Second, I set out more innovative work on “tax morale.” Third, I establish that insofar as work on tax morale draws on behavioral economics it has more continuity with previous work on evasion than one might expect, given that the implications of tax morale for an economic agent seem different. Fourth, drawing on concepts of deliberation, moral economy, and positional objectivity, I provide brief discussion of alternatives that encourage and respect a reflexive ethical-economic agent.

Continuous Layout Editing of Single Images with Diffusion Models

AbstractRecent advancements in large‐scale text‐to‐image diffusion models have enabled many applications in image editing. However, none of these methods have been able to edit the layout of single existing images. To address this gap, we propose the first framework for layout editing of a single image while preserving its visual properties, thus allowing for continuous editing on a single image. Our approach is achieved through two key modules. First, to preserve the characteristics of multiple objects within an image, we disentangle the concepts of different objects and embed them into separate textual tokens using a novel method called masked textual inversion. Next, we propose a training‐free optimization method to perform layout control for a pre‐trained diffusion model, which allows us to regenerate images with learned concepts and align them with user‐specified layouts. As the first framework to edit the layout of existing images, we demonstrate that our method is effective and outperforms other baselines that were modified to support this task. Code is available at our project page.

A REPLY TO RONALD DWORKIN’S CRITIQUE OF MORAL SKEPTICISM

This paper focuses on “indeterminacy”, “objectivity” and “truth” in the work of Ronald Dworkin. The text is divided into four parts: first, I will expose the general structure of Dworkin’s conception of objectivity in the moral domain (Section 1). Next, I will present the main critiques Dworkin addresses to two of his most important philosophical enemies, namely the “external skeptic” (Section 2.1) and the “internal skeptic” (Section 2.2). I then intend to address Dworkin’s critiques by presenting counterarguments in defense of moral skepticism (Section 3). In order to clarify the debate and its points, I try to illustrate the arguments with examples whenever possible. In the concluding Section (4), I recapitulate the main points of the text.

Development of Islamic Educational Institutions in Increasing Competitiveness in Madrasah Tsanawiyah

Description of the subject's behavior processes according to the focus of the problem under study. The technique of collecting data uses observation, interviews, and documentation. The data used are primary and secondary data. To check the validity of the data using the triangulation method. The data analysis technique uses descriptive techniques with four steps, namely: (1) data collection or data collection (2) data reduction or data reduction (3) display data or data presentation (4) conclusion. The results showed that currently the MTs. Al-Hasanuddin of Pasuruan City, the concept of school development in improving competitiveness is in accordance with the concept of vision, mission, and objectives, quality of learning in accordance with the national curriculum, outstanding students both academically and non-academically An Nashr in understanding the Qur'an, improving facilities and infrastructure with stakeholder participation. The implementation of a curriculum administration strategy that is good for improving the quality of human resources (teachers and students), implementing discipline of teachers and students, establishing good relations with local communities, involving local communities in school activities, then improving quality with 14 steps according to Crosby, and Implications in this study in the form of customer satisfaction, a climate that is conducive, pleasant, orderly and quality in accordance with the expectations of the community so that it can attract market attention (community) to send their children to school at Al-Hasanuddin Junior High School, Pasuruan City.

A Simple Recipe for Cooking your AI-assisted Dish to Serve it in the International Digital Specimen Architecture

With the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a large set of new tools and services is emerging that supports specimen data mapping, standards alignment, quality enhancement and enrichment of the data. These tools currently operate in isolation, targeted to individual collections, collection management systems and institutional datasets. To address this challenge, DiSSCo, the Distributed System of Scientific Collections, is developing a new infrastructure for digital specimens, transforming them into actionable information objects. This infrastructure incorporates a framework for annotation and curation that allows the objects to be enriched or enhanced by both experts and machines. This creates the unique possibility to plug-in AI-assisted services that can then leverage digital specimens through this infrastructure, which serves as a harmonised Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) abstraction layer on top of individual institutional systems or datasets. An early example of such services are the ones developed in the Specimen Data Refinery workflow (Hardisty et al. 2022). The new architecture, DS Arch or Digital Specimen Architecture, is built on the concept of FAIR Digital Objects (FDO) (Islam et al. 2020). All digital specimens and related objects are served with persistent identifiers and machine-readable FDO records with information for machines about the object together with a pointer to its machine-readable type description. The type describes the structure of the object, its attributes and describes allowed operations. The digital specimen type and specimen media type are based on existing Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) such as Darwin Core, Access to Biological Collection Data (ABCD) Schema and Audiovisual Core Multimedia Resources Metadata Schema, and include support for annotation operations based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Annotations Data Model. This enables AI-assisted services registered with DS Arch to autonomously discover digital specimen objects and determine the actions they are authorised to perform. AI-assisted services can facilitate various tasks such as digitisation, extract new information from specimen images, create relations with other objects or standardise data. These operations can be done autonomously, upon user request, or in tandem with expert validation. AI-assisted services registered with DS Arch, can interact in the same way with all digital specimens worldwide when served through DS Arch with their uniform FDO representation, even if the content richness, level of standardisation and scope of the specimen is different. DS Arch has been designed to serve digital specimens for living and preserved specimens, and preserved environmental, earth system and astrogeology samples. With the AI-assisted services, data can be annotated with new data, alternative values, corrections, and with new entity relationships. As a result, the digital specimens become Digital Extended Specimens enabling new science and application (Webster et al. 2021). With the implementation of a sophisticated trust model in DS Arch for community acceptance, these annotations will become part of the data itself and can be made available for inclusion in source systems such as collection management systems and aggregators such as Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Geoscience Collections Access Service (GeoCASe) and Catalogue of Life. We aim to demonstrate in the session how AI-assisted services can be registered and used to annotate specimen data. Although the DiSSCo DS Arch is still in development and planned to become operational in 2025, we already have a sandbox environment available in which the concept can be tested and AI-assisted services can be piloted to act on digital specimen data. For testing purposes, the operations on specimens are currently limited to individual specimens and open data, however batch operations will also be possible in the future production environment.

Enhancing Reproducibility in Research Through FAIR Digital Objects

The FAIR principles were introduced to enhance data reuse by providing guidelines for effective data management practices. In the broader context of research, assets encompass not only data but also artifacts such as code, software, and publications. FAIRifying these artifacts is as essential as FAIRifying data, given the increasing complexity of current AI approaches that make reproducibility extremely challenging. Therefore, the reuse of these artifacts is growing in importance. The concept of FAIR Digital Objects (FDOs) presents a solution to FAIRify these artifacts, treating them as FDOs. NFDI4DataScience is embracing FDOs and proposing an architecture to efficiently manage them.

RADAR: Building a FAIR and Community Tailored Research Data Repository

The research data repository RADAR is designed to support the secure management, archiving, publication and dissemination of digital research data from completed scientific studies and projects. Developed as a collaborative project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) (2013-2016), the system is operated by FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure - and currently serves as a generic cloud service for about 20 universities and non-university research institutions. Since its launch, RADAR has witnessed significant changes in the landscape of research data repositories and the evolving needs of researchers, research communities and institutions. In our presentation within the “Enabling RDM” Track, we will show how RADAR is responding to these dynamic changes. In order to create a sufficiently large user base for the sustainable operation of the system, we have moved RADAR away from its previous single focus on a discipline-agnostic cloud service and towards a demand-driven functional optimisation. In 2021, we introduced an additional operating model for institutions (RADAR Local), where we operate a separate RADAR instance locally at the institution site exclusively using the institutional IT-infrastructure. In 2022 we opened up RADAR to new target groups with community-specific service offerings, in particular in the context of the National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI). Beside the expansion of the functional scope, our ongoing development work focuses also on strengthening the system's support for the FAIR principles [1] and the concepts of FAIR Digital Objects (FDO) [2] and Schema.org. Our presentation will outline recent RADAR developments and achievements as well as future plans thus providing solutions and synergy potential for the scientific community and for other service providers.

FDO to Structure the Domain of Knowledge

The Globally Integrated Dataspace will evolve and result in a domain full of digital artefacts and relations which in its size and complexity is unprecedented. Traditional methods of structuring the domain such as file structures are not sufficient any longer. On top of a layer of data centres and federations which need to implement mechanisms establishing trust, there will be layer of Virtual Collections serving different purposes. These VCs to a large extent need to be FAIR and persistent as well, since they include important information. We claim that the concept of FAIR Digital Objects is an excellent framework to build and manage these VC. Currently, there are a few implementations of the FDO concept.

MODERN ARCHITECTURAL FORMATION AND 3D PRINTING OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

The article is devoted to the analysis and research of modern practical experience of designing residential objects in the urban environment. The conceptual foundations of the architectural design of modern residential buildings and complexes are considered. Features of modern architectural form-making and 3-D printing of residential objects are determined. It was determined that the architectural concepts of modern residential objects should be built based on the connection of several directions (ecology, urban planning, architecture of buildings and structures with the introduction of landscape design tools) and methods of modern shaping. It has been established that the shaping of modern residential objects is a process of implementing the design model of the building, which includes the choice of assembling form elements and subsystems of the building into a single system. It has been established that the architectural design of modern residential objects is based on the requirements and methods of creation that include: the algorithm of the process of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the interaction of subsystems of a residential building, the selection of the dominant subsystem with its reflection on the external form of the building, the type of basic form, the characteristic methods of forming the shape of a modern residential building, the compositional interaction between the elements of the architectural form of a modern residential building. The article pays attention to the modern theory of architectural space. The authors outline the ways of system improvement of modern residential buildings in the future. The impact of the latest technologies on the main parameters of modern residential objects has been revealed. Four directions of development of modern residential buildings and complexes in the urban environment in the future have been identified. These directions are related to the application of innovative technologies, new building materials, functional intensification of the infrastructure of the residential environment, creation of multifunctional residential objects, development of large-scale characteristics of buildings, use of natural components in the architectural design of modern residential objects. Prospective techniques for improving the formation of local residential units are defined. Keywords: architecture, modern housing, formation, infrastructure, new technologies, 3-D printing, urban environment.

The concept of a cultural heritage object (terminological overview)

Cultural heritage is a special phenomenon of human culture. There are definitions of heritage as a substratum of identity, evidence of the development of civilization, an artifact connecting the present and the past, etc. The actualization of cultural heritage, its return to spiritual and economic circulation can serve ideological tasks. Heritage can act as a symbol of the ideological foundations of society, demonstrate strategic priorities that are of particular importance for modernity. Cultural heritage, being a product of creative activity of generations, is formed by a unique combination of circumstances, and, as a result, is unique and non-renewable. All these factors demonstrate the special potential of the heritage, which should be recognized as practically inexhaustible. For this set of reasons, there is a difficulty in interpreting the concept of an object of cultural heritage. This field of scientific search remains an exclusively debatable space with many options for interpreting the key concept. The purpose of the study is to consider the interpretations of the concept of cultural heritage and to determine the specifics of its nature. Simultaneous reference to related concepts allows us to expand the idea of cultural heritage as a collective historical memory expressed in tangible and intangible artifacts. The interdisciplinary methodology based on the comparative method is designed to determine the most concise and capacious definition of heritage, which will reveal the features of its potential actualization in the interests of the state and society.

Sensibility, Understanding, and Kant’s Transcendental Deduction: From Epistemic Compositionalism to Epistemic Hylomorphism

Abstract: Can sensibility, as our capacity to be sensibly presented with objects, be understood independently of the understanding, as the capacity to form judgments about those objects? It is a truism that for judgments to be empirical knowledge they must agree with what sensibility presents. Moreover, it is a familiar thought that objectivity involves absolute independence from intellectual acts. The author argues that together these thoughts motivate a common reading of Kant on which operations of sensibility are conceived as intelligible independently of acts of the understanding, so that their supposed objectivity can validate judgments as empirical knowledge. He contends that there are two reasons why this epistemic compositionalism is implausible both as a reading of Kant and in itself. First, read compositionally, Kant’s Transcendental Deduction is unable to fulfill its stated aim of showing that the categories are objectively valid, that is, exemplified by the objects that sensibility presents. Second, Kant sees that sensibility by itself cannot be understood to even purport to present objects, thus undermining the very intelligibility of compositionalism. The author argues that, given these challenges, Kant’s Deduction develops an alternative account, on which operations of sensibility and acts of the understanding can be understood only together. He contends that this epistemic hylomorphism transforms the familiar thought underlying compositionalism: objectivity simultaneously involves formal agreement with intellectual acts in general and material independence from any specific such act. He thus shows how Kant reconceives our conception of objectivity by overcoming compositionalism in favor of hylomorphism.

La constellation œdipienne entre phylogenèse et ontogenèse

In this article, the author proposes a modern psychoanalytical hypothesis, formulated by the Italian-Brazilian psychoanalyst Armandi B. Ferrari. Starting from Freud, Klein and Bion (with whom he collaborated during the 1970s and until Bion's death), Ferrari substantially transforms, in a dynamic and processual sense, the main postulates of psychoanalytical thought and technique, placing the body as the origin of the mind and its only Object. He hypothesises that neither the mother nor the mother's breast is the object for the child's nascent mind, but its own hunger. From birth, the complexity of a system of relations between body and mind is activated, already present at birth through the functions of perception and registration of sensory data. From this substantial transformation of the concept of Object, there follows a transformation of the role of the mother (or those who care for the child in the mother's stead), which fulfils the important function of catalysing the resources already present in the child from birth. The analytic relationship is transformed into a context of experience for both analyst and analysand, in which the analysand knows about himself or herself, but does not yet know that he or she knows, and the analyst assumes the function of catalyst of the analysand's knowledge and resources. The Oedipus complex, postulated by Freud, is transformed in this hypothesis into an Oedipal Constellation, which is born with the coming into the world of the subject and settles with his or her death: the Oedipus complex thus has no resolution, but constitutes the matrix of gender identity, in perpetual transformation in relation to the vicissitudes of life and to the transformations which affect the bodily dimension. The Oedipal Constellation and gender identity are therefore closely linked, and the subject is the director who moves the characters, the imagos which, over time, will flank the maternal and paternal image. It is therefore not a question of models of influence, coming from the outside world, but of a complex process of self-construction, which stems from instances deeply rooted in everyone.

Evaluation of Students' Difficulties in Learning Mathematics in Complex Variable Material

Prospective mathematics teachers are required to be able to master facts and be able to give examples that exist in everyday life. A prospective mathematics teacher is expected to be skilled and mature in using media when operating, explaining and demonstrating direct objects that exist in any complex variable material. The aim of this study is to analyze the obstacles and difficulties of students in Mathematics. Two indicators for assessing mathematics learning outcomes: 1) Direct objects (Facts, Concepts, Skills, and Principles), and 2) Indirect objects (Internet and friends). Mixed methods research method. The subject of the complex variable mathematics course and the student object. Qualitative data collection techniques by observation, interviews, documentation and quantitative survey method collection techniques by distributing instruments. Analysis with, presentation, reduction, presenting bar charts, data synchronization and drawing conclusions. The findings, students' difficulties lie in the direct object, namely mastery of mathematical facts 95.55% and concept difficulties 91.11%, principle (formula) difficulties 91.11% and algorithms 75.55%. Students who get good grades online are assisted by indirect objects, namely the internet and other student discussion partners. In conclusion, students' obstacles and difficulties lie in the direct objects of fact indicators (definitions) and concepts. Material design, facts and concepts with group discussion models are learning solutions.