Object-oriented Programming Concepts Research Articles

Demystifying The Object-Oriented Features Of Popular Object-Oriented Programming Languages.

Background: Indeed, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) has emerged as one of the major fundamental paradigms in today’s world of software development as it contains principles that enhance modularity, reusability, and maintainability of software. This article explores deeper into some of the facets of OOP aspects as exhibited in some of the most frequently used programming languages ranging from Java, Python, C++, and C# with an intent of offering substantive information to aspects like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. The article synthesizes the ones focusing on the relevance and conceptualization of OOP and problems related to it in the context of learners and practitioners. It also describes strengths and weaknesses of using C++, Python, and Java in relation to OOP while stressing peculiarity of these languages. Some of the core principles of OOP are highlighted such as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction and how they are complicated and significant in today’s software engineering. Materials and Methods: There was a presentation of a survey on which the research is based to determine the problems that programmers encounter when applying OOP features using a sample of 80 programmers in the computer science fields in some Nigerian Universities. Results: Findings reveal the significance of understanding OOP concepts in popular languages and suggest ways of increasing developers’ efficiency, minimizing errors, and improving the quality of developed software. Conclusion: Suggestions include a necessity for training and education to enhance software developers' understanding of OOP features. The findings can guide the creation of training materials and courses centered on OOP concepts, aiming to improve software development practices and elevate the quality of software products.

Feature selection using metaheuristics made easy: Open source MAFESE library in Python

Artificial intelligence (AI) often relies on feature selection (FS) to recognize and highlight the most relevant and major features in a dataset. The procedure of training and optimizing AI systems with key data points is decisive for its development and efficacy. To address this challenge, the present study introduces MAFESE, an open-source Python library that employs metaheuristic algorithms for selecting the optimal set of attributes, particularly when dealing with complex and high-dimensional data. MAFESE encompasses a wide range of feature selection techniques, including unsupervised-based, filter-based, embedded-based, and wrapper-based methods. Notably, within the wrapper-based category, MAFESE offers users access to over 200 metaheuristic algorithms, empowering them to choose the most suitable algorithm based on their specific datasets and requirements. Additionally, MAFESE incorporates built-in evaluation metrics that enable efficient comparison among various algorithms. Open-source design of MAFESE encourages cooperation within the data science community, allowing for continuous upgrades. This collaborative environment promotes the sharing of ideas, proposals, and changes, resulting in a stronger and more adaptive feature selection framework. MAFESE distinguishes itself with an easy-to-use Python interface that follows object-oriented programming concepts. It supports both experienced researchers and practitioners. MAFESE offers many resources, including documentation, examples, and test cases, for a smooth user onboarding experience. The modular architecture enables users to enhance features and interface with other tools, such as scikit-learn. MAFESE can be a valuable tool for identifying meaningful features in complicated, high-dimensional datasets, making it a significant addition to feature selection. MAFESE utilizes metaheuristic algorithms to help users tackle complex feature selection problems more efficiently and accurately. Through openness and teamwork, MAFESE may become a comprehensive resource that responds to the evolving demands of the data science community. The source code and materials of MAFESE are publicly available in the official GitHub repository at https://github.com/thieu1995/mafese.

A novel metaheuristic based on object-oriented programming concepts for engineering optimization

This paper presents a novel, robust, efficient, and simple optimization algorithm called the Object-Oriented Programming Optimization Algorithm (OOPOA) for tackling constrained and unconstrained optimization problems. The algorithm is inspired by the inheritance concept of Object-Oriented programming languages, where the features of a class are classified into three types according to inheritance probability: public, private, and protected. The object-oriented programming inheritance concept is implemented in the algorithm to update the population for the next generations. The proposed algorithm ensures exploitation by selecting the solution with the highest fitness to be inherited in each iteration. It ensures exploration by applying a mutation process that helps explore wide regions in the search space. The performance of this technique is demonstrated by solving 34 different optimization tasks, including 20 standard benchmark problems, ten IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation benchmark test functions, and four constrained real-world engineering design problems.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN APPLICATION AS AN AUXILIARY TOOL FOR VERIFICATION OF AN ELECTROCARDIOGRAM CONCLUSION

Objective: Electrocardiography (ECG) is a key step in the diagnosis of cardiovascular pathology. Interpretation of the ECG is carried out by the doctor in the first minutes of severe patient admission and often determines further tactics of management. However, such an important diagnostic method is quite subjective, since it is highly dependent on the knowledge, and experience of the doctor and even on his attention to detail. The objective is to develop an application for automatic verification of various ECG criteria (exceptionally as an addition to the subjective interpretation of the doctor). Design and method: The desktop application was developed in Python (v3.10.5) by implementing its object-oriented programming concepts. Tkinter was chosen as a Graphical User Interface framework. The set of standard libraries has been supplemented by OpenCV (v4.6.0.66) for recognizing and digitizing ECG images, Pillow (v9.3.0) for manipulating the image and its metadata, NumPy (v1.23.5) for further analysis, and others. The initial version of the program includes STEMI recognition. Real ECGs printed on graph paper were used for debugging and testing. Results: When launching the application, the user is prompted to select a file containing an ECG image (a). After the required image has opened, the user should indicate the requested ECG-leads in the picture, following the simplest instructions (b). Then processing of the leads automatically starts. This phase is hidden from the user, and only a progress bar is displayed on the screen (c). Meanwhile, a number of manipulations are performed, such as converting the picture to a binary state, recognizing the ECG-line, and storing the coordinates of each pixel in the database. Objects of such classes as Isoline, and Cardiac Cycle with R wave, ST segment, etc. are created for each of the objects of the Lead class (d). Further geometric study of the pixel base and checking for the pathological ECG-signs on the backend form the final conclusion for the user (e). Conclusions: The developed application is relevant for use as an additional tool in the work and training of doctors. It can be expanded to cover a wide range of pathologies.

Survey on Concept of Object-Oriented Programming

These days, object-oriented programming is regarded as an essential programming concept.The moment Simula brought it into life. The use of object-oriented programming (OOP) has expanded in the software real world due to the future growth of the software business and the advancement of software engineering. The following review examines different oop concepts that are essential to object-orientation, in great detail. Many widely used object-oriented programming languages implement various parts of inheritance and polymorphism. We come to the conclusion that much more work needs to be done to find a middle ground so that these can accomplish OOPs features.

Implementation Of Object-Oriented Programming With Pyqt: Development Of Calculation Application

This practical report discusses the implementation of object-oriented programming using PyQt in developing calculation applications. The discussion includes application development steps, object structure, and responsive user interface integration. The development method used incorporates object-oriented programming concepts to increase modularity and maintainability of the code. The resulting calculation application is able to provide an interactive and efficient user experience. It is hoped that the results of this practicum can be a reference for students of object-oriented programming and application development using PyQt

Enhancing Student Learning and Engagement with Object- Oriented Block-Based Programming Tool

Technologies have been adopted and integrated into various aspects of life, including education and learning. Gamified learning is effective to promote student learning and motivations. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a fundamental topic taught to university students, and in certain countries, it is introduced as an enrichment course for younger students. It is beneficial to develop young students on the interests in software programming. Equipping younger students with essential programming skills will be helpful and better prepare them to excel in the digital age in the future. This research leverages the benefits of gamification to enhance student engagement by developing an educational game for teaching OOP. The developed educational visual programming tool simplifies complex OOP concepts and engagingly presents them through the medium of a game. It provides an alternative learning approach to visualizing and understanding OOP. The study yielded positive results, with improved test scores and a more consistent performance. It highlights the effectiveness of this approach in teaching OOP. The positive feedback from students regarding their enjoyment of gameplay also shows the potential of gamified learning in enhancing engagement.

A new binary object-oriented programming optimization algorithm for solving high-dimensional feature selection problem

Feature selection (FS) is a crucial task in machine learning applications, which aims to select the most appropriate feature subset while maintaining high classification accuracy with the minimum number of selected features. Despite the widespread usage of metaheuristics as wrapper-based FS techniques, they show reduced effectiveness and increased computational cost when applied to high-dimensional datasets. This paper presents a novel Binary Object-Oriented Programming Optimization Algorithm (BOOPOA) for FS of high dimensional datasets, where the Object-Oriented Programming Optimization Algorithm (OOPOA) is a novel optimization technique inspired by the inheritance concept of Object-Oriented programming (OOP) languages. The effectiveness of this method in solving high dimensional FS problems is validated by using 26 datasets, most of which are of high dimension (large number of features). Seven existing FS algorithms are compared with the proposed OOPOA using various metrics, including best fitness, average fitness (AVG), selection size, and computational time. The results prove the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the other FS algorithms, having an average performance of %92.5, 0.078, 0.084, %38.9, and 8.6 min for classification accuracy, best fitness, average fitness, size reduction ratio, and computational time. The outcomes demonstrate the proposed FS approach's superiority over currently used methods.

Educational Programming Environments for Enhancing Conceptual Design in the Object-Oriented Paradigm: A Systematic Mapping Study

Teaching and learning programming, and especially Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), is a complicated and challenging task. Students have to comprehend various OOP concepts and utilize them for designing object-oriented programs. Various types of educational programming environments, such as microworlds and educational games, have been devised for supporting novices mainly in comprehending OOP concepts. However, such environments do not usually support students in the conceptual design of object-oriented programs of a considerable length and complexity. In this paper, we focus on a systematic mapping study (SMS) of educational programming environments for enhancing the conceptual design in OOP, which relies on modularity, abstraction and encapsulation. The research questions investigate the intended learning outcomes, the empirical evidence on the effectiveness, and the teaching/learning technologies used by educational programming environments for enhancing the conceptual design in OOP. The findings can support instructors in selecting appropriate tools for their courses and researchers in the field of educational programming environments for OOP.

Mobile application with augmented reality applied to programming learning

Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that allows users to have interactive experiences between themselves, the physical world, and the virtual world through the use of digital devices that have a digital camera, such as smartphones, tablets, desktop computers, or laptops. AR has various applications such as entertainment, advertising and marketing, medicine, architecture, engineering, tourism, e-commerce, or education; in the latter, students can visualize different concepts of programming fundamentals or object-oriented programming. The objective of this project is to create a mobile application applying augmented reality to the fundamental concepts of programming so that students can improve their understanding and retention of syntax and examples of terms used in Java. The application is focused on control structures, conditionals, classes, methods, constructors, objects, and arrays. Searching for concepts on the internet, physical or electronic books, or even with classmates, can take up to 5 minutes, with this application, it is possible to see the structure and/or examples in a matter of seconds, besides having the advantage that it does not require internet connectivity.

An object-oriented programming solution for managing inventory of used cars in Kenya using inheritance relationships

The industry of buying and selling used cars in Kenya has continued to grow by leaps and bounds. There are many dealers who have opened shops in Nairobi, Mombasa, and many other towns locally. Therefore, having a software solution that can manage this data appropriately is important for the day- to-day running of these businesses. Inheritance is a key concept in object-oriented programming that uses the concepts of generalization and specialization. Inheritance allows a new class to extend an existing class. The new class inherits the members of the class it extends. This review paper explores the use of inheritance in developing software that used car dealers can find useful in managing their data.

PENERAPAN E-COMMERCE PADA USAHA BATIK JAMBI PADA TOKO BATIK DUO SERANGKAI

With today’s technological development, human activities are becoming more and more easy to do, as sales and sales activities have been broken down with what is called "e-commerce. E-commerce is an attempt to conduct trade transactions between sellers and buyers using the Internet. The development of information technology, especially in the field of the Internet, is a driving factor in the development of e-commerce. Using information technology, e-commerce can be used as a solution to help manufacturers face competitors. The objective of this final task is to create an e-commerce information system on the product of Duo Serangkai, which is a means of marketing and sales to develop business in the sale and purchase of products online that contains information about the product as well as the product ordering process. When designing this system, the authors use the concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP) and the unified modeling language (UML). The E-Commerce Information System that was used in this study performed admirably. Thus, it can be implemented by the product in terms of promotion and online sales, as well as managing all product data, report data, and user data..

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Seleksi Beasiswa Menggunakan Metode Topsis Berbasis WEB (Studi Kasus Beasiswa Bank Indonesia)

Basically, the decision support system is a computer-based system that helps in the decision-making process. A Decision Support System is a computer system that processes data into information to make decisions from specific semi-structured problems that were specifically developed to support solutions to unstructured management problems to improve the quality of decision-making. This support system helps in the decision-making process in selecting the internal administration of Bank Indonesia scholarships at Hamzanwadi University. In this decision support system, criteria are needed to determine who will be selected to receive the scholarship. In this study, the author uses the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method as a decision-making method. The TOPSIS method was chosen because it is used to find alternatives with certain criteria. The method used in the preparation and design of the application to be built is to use the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method with a design using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) with object-oriented programming concepts. The system that has been made is said to be suitable for use because the results of the recommendations are in accordance with user expectations and the scholarship selection process becomes more effective and efficient.

Conceptual Representation of the Source-Code to Support the Learning of Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

Learning Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts is a challenging task for novice learners. Previous research has examined the impact of either conceptual or practical knowledge on students’ comprehension of OOP; however, there is a lack of integration between these two knowledge bases. This study proposes a novel approach that integrates theoretical and practical knowledge of OOP using a concept map to create a unified cognitive diagram that reflects the educator’s understanding of the subject matter. This diagram is then used as the basis for a recomposition activity that supports student learning. An experiment is conducted in a classroom environment with 75 undergraduate grade-2 university students to investigate the effects of the proposed method. The experimental results showed that the proposed method significantly improved students’ comprehension of OOP concepts, doubling their performance compared to the conventional method from pre-test to post-test. In addition, the proposed approach has the potential for early identification of low-performing students, thus allowing educators to provide targeted support to improve their learning outcomes. The integrated cognitive diagram approach proposed in this study has practical implications for educators seeking to improve the teaching of OOP concepts and identify and support low-performing students.

An agent-based modelling framework for the simulation of large-scale consumer participation in electricity market ecosystems

The role of consumers as price-sensitive participants in electricity markets is considered essential to ensure efficient and secure operations of electricity systems. Yet the uncertain or unknown consequences of active market participation remain a large barrier for active consumer-side market participation. Simulations are a powerful tool to reduce this uncertainty by giving consumers an insight on the potential benefits and costs of market participation. However, the simulation setup must be adapted to each market context and each consumer market participation strategy. To simplify the simulation development process and improve the comparability of simulation results, this paper proposes a modular yet systematic electricity market modelling framework. The framework applies object-oriented programming concepts for business ecosystem modelling presented in previous works to develop an agent-based model of a consumer-centric electricity market ecosystem. The market ecosystem is represented by a multitude of interacting submarkets with their own logic. Within submarkets, context-independent and context-dependent elements are distinguished to provide model abstraction which can be adapted to different contexts. This framework is illustrated by applying it to three different submarkets in the Western Danish electricity market context: the Nordpool day-ahead market, the Nordpool intraday market, and the Frequency Containment Reserve market. The submarket role abstractions allow to benefit from the commonalities between the analysed submarkets during model implementation, while the role parametrisations allow to quickly adapt the roles to each market context. The implementation of the modelling framework in the Nordic context highlights the benefits of a modular approach in a liberalised and unbundled market context.

Usability Evaluation of Imikode Virtual Reality Game to Facilitate Learning of Object-Oriented Programming

Many empirical studies have shown that educational games and recent technologies impact education and increase learning effectiveness, students’ motivation and engagement. The overall aim of this study is to evaluate the usability of Imikode, a virtual reality (VR) game that was developed to introduce the concepts of object-oriented programming to novices. The improved version of the Imikode VR game consists of three features: An artificial intelligence component designed to provide real-time error feedback to users, an intelligent agent that guides and teaches users how to play the game and finally, the integration of multiple game play that gives learners more opportunities to explore the VR environment for greater immersive learning experience. This study adopted a survey approach and recruited first-year computer science students to measure learner satisfaction with educational virtual reality games and examined the correlations among the attributes of the Usefulness, Satisfaction and Ease of Use questionnaire of usage of Imikode. The results showed that the students were satisfied with Imikode and perceived the virtual reality educational game as very useful for learning object-oriented programming concepts. In addition, there was a correlation among the questionnaire variables, which means that researchers can use the instrument for future usability studies in the context. We further proffered some design recommendations for building software tools.

Block-Based Object-Oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is not only an integral part of computing degrees but also a requirement in non-computing majors such as engineering. Understanding OOP concepts can be difficult for novice programmers, and often leads to the development of misconceptions. This is exacerbated when the discipline requires students to learn a technical low-level language such as C++, as is the case in many engineering disciplines. We propose a block-based programming language extension, Blockly-OOP, to help students learn core OOP concepts without the technical complexities associated with traditional textual languages. The Blockly-OOP Learning Environment was developed by integrating Blockly-OOP with learning activities that guide students through programming exercises that target popular OOP misconceptions. An evaluation ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> = 238) in a second-year programming course (CS2) showed that a block-based programming language helps students improve their understanding of object-oriented concepts, warranting further research in this area.

Applying Object Oriented Programming Concepts with Food Ordering System

An ONLIINE FOOD ORDERING SYSTEM is mainly designed primarily function for use in the food delivery industry. This system will allow hotels and restaurants to increase online food ordering such type of business. The customers can be selected food menu items just in few minutes. In the modern food industries allow to quickly and easily delivery on customer place .Restaurant employees then use these orders through an easy to delivery on customer place easy find out The order confirmation is sent to the customer. The order is placed in the queue and updated in the database and returned in real time. This system assists the staff to go through the orders in real time and process it efficiently with minimal errors.

Implementation of Model View Controller Architecture in Object Oriented Programming Learning

This study aims to provide an overview of the application of software design patterns, namely Model View Controller (MVC) in object-oriented programming learning. In the software development industry, most application development uses frameworks. MVC architecture is a design pattern that is widely used by various frameworks. Students as prospective programmers or software developers must master and be able to translate object-oriented programming concepts into programming languages. In this study, the Java programming language is used to apply the object-oriented concept and implement the MVC architecture. This research resulted in an increase in students' programming skills and abilities as well as being able to apply the MVC architecture in developing applications using Java.

Learning Object-Oriented Programming Concepts Through Visual Analogies

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a widely used programming paradigm in modern software industry. This makes it an essential skill for students in many disciplines to learn. However, OOP is known to be challenging to learn and teach due to its abstract nature. Studies have shown that students often face difficulties and develop misconceptions in multiple aspects when learning OOP. This article presents a systematic way of developing a teaching tool that uses a combination of visualization and analogies to help students overcome these barriers and understand the OOP concepts better. To ensure the tool would have pedagogical value and novelty, we first reviewed the educational theories on using analogies and visualization, as well as numerous existing tools. A set of activities in the form of code snippets were then designed to target these misconceptions and difficulties, along with a set of analogies and their interaction mechanisms that mapped to the OOP concepts. A teaching tool was then developed based on those designs and evaluated with engineering students in a CS2 course (<i>n</i> = 253). The results and our analysis show that a statistically significant improvement was achieved in student understanding and confidence through interaction with visualization of OOP concepts with analogies (VOOPA) exercises. Similar gains were also observed using more traditional methods. No statistically significant positive difference in understanding and confidence can be attributed to use of VOOPA through the current study.