National Concept Research Articles

La yurta kazaja como una creación única de la arquitectura de la civilización nómada

Introduction: The history of the emergence of the ancient dwelling of the Kazakh people - the sacred yurt, as well as its types and design are analyzed in the article. A yurt is a dwelling of peoples adapted to nomadic life, dating back to very distant, ancient times and widespread among the semi-nomadic and sedentary peoples of the Eurasian steppe. Materials and methods: The yurt of the Kazakh people is not only an ancestral home and dwelling in the spring, summer and autumn seasons. Yurt is a treasure and pride, a fertile place and a sacred refuge of the Kazakhs, it is a unique, priceless work of arts and crafts and handicrafts, a vivid evidence of the way of life and customs, worldview, centuries-old culture of the Kazakh people. Results and Discussion: The main feature of the yurt house, which is considered a complete creation of material culture, is its convenience, compactness, modularity, ease for nomadic life. Easy to assemble and install, easy to disassemble and ready to move. In the national concept, the yurt and all its components are considered sacred. Conclusions: The originality of the worldview, the eloquence and skillful craftsmanship of our people are reflected in words and concepts, in comparisons and images, in proverbs and sayings, in colorful expressions and phraseological units denoting every object associated with the yurt. This layer of the vocabulary of our ancestors demonstrates the material and spiritual values of the nation, determines its cultural and cognitive features, expresses its spiritual nature in a new way and is of great educational value.

The role of tourism in personal nationalism: A case study

Drawing on interviews with twenty tourists at the National Wallace Monument in Stirling, Scotland, this case study uses the concept of personal nationalism to understand how national identity is interpreted and communicated in personal and (post) tourist space. It uses a narrative analysis of domestic and international tourists’ experiences to realise how heritage tourism sites could benefit from understanding individual meanings of a nation. The research reveals personal nationalism is characterised by inclusion, interaction and individualisation. Participants consolidate their personal nationalism by connecting with and on behalf of others as well as through various ways of belonging, and by interpreting their experiences in relation to their families. The findings represent a nuanced articulation of the role of tourism in the appropriation of national symbols, myths and values by tourists at a national heritage site. The study offers an alternative perspective on the relevance of what cultural producers convey to tourists.

Risk management of Ukrainian aviation transport post-war recovery and sustainable development

Global air transport is an open system that is influenced by a large number of factors, both related and unrelated. One of its most vulnerable components is the activity of airlines. This is especially felt during the period of hostilities. The Malaysian Airlines Boeing 777 crash as a result of being hit by a Russian missile and the 2014 Boeing 737 crash of Ukraine International Airlines in Iran as a result of being hit by Iranian anti-aircraft missiles in 2020 are examples of the vulnerability of civil aviation in the rapidly changing conditions of military operations and determine the need for anticipatory risk management of airlines. Unfortunately, the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine from the first minute dealt a devastating blow to the activity of air transport in general, and to the activity of Ukrainian airlines, in particular. In order to formulate strategic scenarios for the post-war recovery and sustainable development of air transport of Ukraine, the article proposes to use the Concept of National Integrated Risk Management of Air Transport of Ukraine.

Autonomous but interdependent: Constitutional traditions on judicial protection and the general principle of effective judicial protection

The EU general principle of effective judicial protection is the epitome of the EU liberal-constitutionalism. The creative force of this principle has emerged, among others, in connection with the protection of the rule of law and the introduction of procedural guarantees both at the national and EU level. It is well established that effective judicial protection stems from the ECHR and the constitutional traditions common to the Member States. While existing scholarship has explored the influence of the ECHR over the development of this principle, less attention was paid to the impact of constitutional traditions from the Member States. Yet, exploring the role of constitutional traditions in shaping effective judicial protection, the primus inter pares among the general principles of EU law, goes at the heart of the conundrum of the EU: the latter is an autonomous legal system, which is inevitably shaped by the legal concepts and traditions existing in the Member States. This exploration is particularly timely. Some Member States affected by the rule-of-law backsliding have recently invoked constitutional traditions on judicial protection to delimit the application of EU standards of effective judicial protection, thus questioning the relationship between the EU principle and national conceptions of judicial protection.

Диапазони и параметри на фамилния бизнес в селските територии в контекста на Националната концепция за пространствено развитие 2013г. – 2025г

Among the main directions and actions for the development of the agricultural sector and the rural areas in the Republic of Bulgaria, enshrined in the National Concept for Spatial Development 2013. - 2025, is also the mobilization of the potential of rural areas to achieve social and territorial development. The family business, as a factor that has a positive impact on the sustainable development of rural areas, has its place in the implementation of the objectives of the National Concept for Spatial Development 2013. – 2025. In this regard, serious and up-to-date legislative and political guarantees are needed, through which the family business should be actively involved in the implementation of the relevant areas in the National Concept for Spatial Development 2013. - 2025, relating to both rural areas and the agricultural sector in the Republic of Bulgaria.

Ensuring gender balance in family relations: national and European experience

The article is devoted to the analysis of gender equality in family legal relations taking into account the European experience. The theoretical essence and place of gender issues in the family policy of Ukraine has been established.
 The gender legislation, which forms the basis of legal regulation of family relations in Ukraine, is analyzed: the main norms of the Constitution of Ukraine in the field of gender equality; norms of the Family Code of Ukraine and other national normative legal acts that ensure the equality of men and women in the institution of the family; international documents that were ratified by Ukraine in this area.
 The problem of discrimination against men according to social stereotypes and the problem of violence in the family are considered.
 It is noted that the war on the territory of Ukraine has an extremely negative effect on family legal relations, as it causes such negative consequences as the absence of a father or mother in the family, a broken psyche of children, an increase in cases of deviant behavior, changeable family relations, the spread of single-parent families, etc.
 European experience in solving the main problems of gender policy was studied and parallels with Ukrainian legislation were drawn.
 The directions of European family policy are considered, such as: children's well-being, gender equality, combination of family life and employment. The research conducted by MORI as part of the Here and Now task in Great Britain is analyzed; Sweden's experience in regulating the equal participation of men and women in household chores and parental responsibilities; The Gender Equality Index, which represents the current state of European gender roles and their formation, through indicators relating to the dimensions of Knowledge, Work, Money, Time, Power and Health.
 It is proposed to develop a national concept of family development and gender equality, based on the analysis of modern national processes and world experience.

The kampung, the city and the nation: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in the everyday urban life of Kampung Peneleh, Surabaya, Indonesia

Interpreted as ‘unity in diversity’, Indonesia's national politicians appropriated the slogan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika from a fourteenth century poem to legitimise one nation‐state for the diverse archipelago. As Indonesia becomes a rapidly urbanising country, the concepts of ‘unity’ and ‘diversity’ intertwine with changing landscapes and societies. With the growth of cities as centres of population and economic activities, the intensity of development in the city has transformed urban spaces, social interactions, economies and aspirations. Much of these urban transformations have affected urban kampung, early forms of urban settlement. Urban kampung has a historical role in the making of ‘unity in diversity’ as a national concept, but official discourses rarely associate kampung with the slogan, even when concerns on tolerance and diversity increase in urbanising Indonesia. Using urban kampung as a viewpoint in city‐ and nation‐building, we conduct archival and ethnographic research to interpret everyday practices of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. To what extent does the slogan play a role in the social construction of city neighbourhoods? How do everyday realities in an urban kampung relate to the national slogan? As kampung remains relatively autonomous but also stigmatised in the city, taking kampung as a viewpoint allows insights into city‐ and nation‐building knowledge that integrate everyday practice and conceptualization of the city and the nation.

Between Transnational Socialism and White Privilege: Afrikaner Woman Worker’s ‘Library’ in the 1930s and 1940s

ABSTRACT In this article, I set out to introduce the Garment Workers Union (GWU) prose as a neglected part of Afrikaans-language literature. I offer an overview of texts written or translated by the GWU members and published in the official trade union organ Die Klerewerker/The Garment Worker. The presented workers’ reading list is divided into original Afrikaans writings and translations from English into Afrikaans. All these texts offered the newly created white working class a new identification, manoeuvring between belonging to the national imagined community of Afrikaners based on the concept of nation and whiteness, and to a transnational workers’ community based on the category of class. Looking at the impact of the Dutch and English language traditions in South Africa, I propose that the way in which European conventions made their way to Afrikaans literature, was class-based. Textsrecognized as artistic, incorporated in the Afrikaans literary canon, drew heavily on Dutch tradition. The English language turned out to be the medium that also circulated a less elitist thought. Therefore, it was English that enabled the movement of texts from Europe and the United States to South Africa that shaped the South African white working-class, including its Afrikaner part.

Proposal of a New Approach for Protected Deposit Area Registration in Public Administration Information Systems—A Case Study from Slovakia

Perception of the meaning and wider context in recording important information about objects that represent strategically valuable data is the basis for increasing their value and binding in order to strengthen their credibility. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on digitization and electronic data collection and their interpretation, which ensures the promotion of real-world objects. The protection of mineral wealth and the creation of protected deposit areas (PDAs) is often limited to an analogue form of documentation ensuring the raw material potential of that country. The often inefficient and insufficient way of managing data in public information systems (ISs) and their subsequent use in the customary procedural stages of other decision-making procedures of state authorities leads to the loss of relevant information in connection with such protected areas. This paper on specific studies emphasizes the need to use and follow procedures in strengthening the Slovak national concept based on data and technical compatibility supporting the exchange of information, which will support the expansion of the IS environment with data in connection with the protection of mineral wealth in the form of PDAs. As a result of the existing legislation and historical background, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the contexts that fundamentally enter into the content of data in the ISs of individual institutions recording fundamental information about objects in connection with the protection of deposit areas. The methods used and the analysis of input data on PDAs from the relevant information systems pointed to insufficient and incomplete records and presentation of data regarding PDAs. In this document, a solution is proposed which, as a result, consolidates the disparate way of registering PDAs and presents an organizationally more profitable way of exchanging data. It was found that only modern ISs and their filling with data, respecting the rules and principles of standardization, prioritizing the content of established, and validly reflecting data, are a high-quality basis for an interoperable environment containing the necessary information, for example, in the establishment of three-dimensional records.

Nationalizing the Internet to Break a Protest Movement: Internet Shutdown and Counter-Appropriation in Iran of Late 2019

To deal with a spontaneous civil uprising following a substantial rise in gas prices, the Iranian security apparatus imposed in late 2019 techno-political measures and blocked access to international websites and services. To analyze these measures, we conducted 19 interviews with Iranians living inside and outside the country. We argue that the concept of the shutdown, as portrayed in Western media, is not perfectly suitable to describe the infrastructural restrictions and propose the concept of an internet nationalization. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of what the nationalization meant and how it affected the lives of Iranians participating or not participating in the protests. We also report on a variety of creative measures, both technical and non-technical, Iranians took to counter-appropriate the government-imposed shutdown of international connectivity. Based on these data, we elaborate on the concept of counter-appropriation.

A Brief Analysis on Nationalism

What does it mean by a “nation” or a “nation-state” when scholars address them, and in what ways are they imagined? How is national solidarity imaginarily achieved? By default, linguists and political theorists assumed the nation to be a social construct, an entity imagined by a commune of people sharing some kinship or common ideological beliefs. For these people, they don't need to be bound to some existing connections such as vernacular connotations; especially from Benedict Anderson’s perspective, today’s modern world relies upon an unfailing realm wherein members feel a “horizontal” comradeship with each other. In all, this paper furthers Anderson’s argument to show the powerful, upper class might use the concept of nation to safeguard their dominating social status, and thereby become an unshakable, solidified existence in the social world. To prove the aforementioned claim, it first recaps Anderson’s core argument, “the nation does not exist, it is imagined”. Most people may consider that they reside in the same nation because of their biological inheritance, as they and people alike look very similar since, they were born. As a result, a primitive perception of a nation is born out of a community united by blood. Yet with the advancement of human civilization, the different nations loosened connections with each other through immigration and active interpenetration: warfare, cross-regional marketing, and chaos and rebellions. “No more arresting emblems of the modern culture of nationalism exist than cenotaphs and tombs of Unknown Soldiers. The public ceremonial reverence accorded these monuments precisely because they are either deliberately empty or no one knows who lies inside them, has no true precedents in earlier times.” (Benedict Anderson p.1) Ultimately, it shows people create noumenal evidence to show that they are in a nation that has been existing for a long time, nevertheless, the unreality of these substances may induce more existential problems.

Hand hygiene in medical organizations: implementation of the concept as an effective measure for HAI prevention

The article presents the results of a study aimed at substantiating hand hygiene in medical organizations as the most effective measure for preventing HCAI in the framework of the implementation of the National Concept for the Prevention of Infections Associated with Medical Care (approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on November 6, 2011). It was found that healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are an urgent problem of modern Russian healthcare. The main causes of HCAI are insufficiently effective infection control methods in medical organizations and the overuse of antimicrobials. In the course of the study, such methods as content analysis, literature review, ranking, hypothetical-deductive method, generalization, formalization were used. The materials used were articles published in international bibliographic and abstract databases (Scopus, PubMed); official documents of the Russian Federation, as well as international documents (legislative acts, programs, conventions, etc.) on infections related to the provision of medical care. The performed systematic literature analysis suggests that one of the main measures to prevent HCAI is hand hygiene. It was found that the maximum result in the prevention of HCAI can be achieved through the implementation of a multimodal approach. Based on available scientific research, 5 key points have been identified when hand hygiene is mandatory for healthcare professionals. It was concluded that HCAI prevention should be multimodal, with successful implementation of HCAI prevention requiring cultural shifts at the hospital level, and coordination at the national level is needed to address the serious threat posed by HCAI.

INDIA’S CITIZENSHIP AMENDMENT ACT (CAA) OF 2019: A CASE STUDY OF ANTI-MUSLIM SENTIMENT IN INDIA

Ethnic violence has long been prominent in India, especially among Hindus and Muslims. Debates have taken place over the value of India’s secularist principle, as Muslims in India are continuously faced with discrimination. They are subjected to hate crimes with the rise of Hindu Nationalism. The government’s legislature and policies must embody national unity rather than fuelling the already existing divisions among Hindus and Muslims as a secular state. This study examines India’s Citizenship Amendment Act of 2019 and how it has led to anti-Muslim sentiments in the country. Drawing from the concept of Nationalism, the research will focus on the relation between Hindu nationalistic ideals and the Citizenship Amendment Act. The analysis results revealed that the Citizenship Amendment Act was flawed and had overtones of anti-Muslim sentiments. Further analysis revealed that the Citizenship Amendment Act had violated Articles 13,14, and 25 of the Indian constitution directly and indirectly. In addition to this, the study also showed the link between ultra Hindu Nationalism and the Citizenship Amendment Act. It also found that the intention of the Act to protect minorities facing religious persecution has failed as India lacks proper refugee laws. The overall research of this study concludes that the Citizenship Amendment Act has led to anti-Muslim sentiments in the country and furthered the identity crisis Muslims face in India.

The Repertoires of Religious Nationalism: The Case of İsmet Özel

AbstractThis article problematizes the study of religious nationalism, which lacks conceptual, religious, and nationalist “seriousness.” These problems of “seriousness” obscure the nature of religious nationalism as they overstretch and do not do justice to the concepts of religious nationalism, religion, and nationalism, respectively. Seeking for the nature of and a path to religious nationalism, it is suggested that the later writings of İsmet Özel, a well-known poet and public intellectual in Turkey, make an emblematic case for a religious type of nationalism, demonstrating not only religious seriousness with his Islamist ideology but also a central orientation to the nation through his exclusive focus on Turkishness and Turkey. In so doing, this article introduces a wide range of categories to specify the ways in which religious nationalism is operationalized and to measure the patterns of religious nationalism in an attempt to overcome the problems of “seriousness.” It identifies and examines six main patterns in Özel’s thinking and shows their interactions: religio-national identity, exceptionalism, religious territoriality, civilizational othering, sectarianism, and anti-secularism.

Diverse transnational backgrounds, same master narrative? Constructions of a national past among middle-school students

In this study, we aimed to explore the various ways in which the past is constructed, using or tinkering with a national master narrative, by students surrounded by and immersed in contemporary transnational plurality. Specifically, we studied the permanence of or variations on the Spanish ‘reconquest’ narrative among 14 to 15-year-old students of a public school in Madrid. Semi-structured individual interviews were carried out with 30 students whose families came from Madrid, other regions in Spain and other countries around the world. We carried out a detailed narrative analysis of their constructions of the medieval past on the Iberian Peninsula and found that the ‘reconquest’ narrative still predominates. Few variations in their narratives were found that hint at counternarratives, the ‘travelling’ of narrative schema across national borders, or the transnational trajectories in their families feeding into their constructions. Given these findings, we discuss the role of alternative narrative schema and dynamic concepts of nation and national identity in challenging national master narratives.

Emigration to the internet: “Samizdat” and the genesis of contemporary Russian nationalism

During the mid-1990s the Pro-European concept of the Russian nation was formed in the post-Soviet ideological space, contrary to the prevailing traditionalist, soil-based forms of Russian nationalism, mainly focused on the search for a “special way”. The former is based on the values of democracy and individualism while the main emphasis of the ideology is the leadership of intellectuals in political life. This article studies the genesis of aforementioned trend in contemporary Russian nationalism in the context of two historical circumstances: the ideological and social status of post-Soviet intellectuals and the Russian-language Internet at the stage of transition to social networks. A key element of the transition period is the emergence of mass online communication, anticipating the beginning of social networks era. Combination of elitism and emphasis on the text were combined with increasing popularity and anonymity, where all these qualities were embodied in guest books. Thus, we will try to show how the communicative environment of the early Runet was arranged and how it influenced rhetorical strategies, styles of public behavior and ideology of contemporary Russian nationalists. As an example in our work, we will consider Dmitry Galkovsky’s Internet resource “Samizdat”, which was functioning in the late 1990s.

GLOBALIZATION AND MIGRATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ETHNOSYMBOLIST AND CIVIC NATIONALISM.

Nationalist ideology, which emerged in the 18th century and profoundly influenced the 19th, occupies a significant position in human affairs and the concept of the nation-state, despite its contradictions and multidimensional structure. As nationalism gained traction in the ethnosymbolist mentality through values such as race, religion, language, and ethnicity, it acquired different meanings around the concept of civic nationalism in the aftermath of modernization and globalization. The specific conditions of societies were affected by globalization and migration, leading to the differentiation of the nationalist mindset between ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism. Beginning in the 1980s, Western civic nationalism was described as "good nationalism," while Eastern nationalism, informed by ethnosymbolism, was "bad nationalism." This study seeks the answer to the question of how the stances of ethnosymbolism and civic nationalism towards globalization and migration were shaped. In this context, the study examines the convergence between ethnosymbolist nationalism and civic nationalism, as well as the factors that led to it, from a historical and holistic perspective and by using a comparative method.

A Mulatto Brazil – the narrative of the Dionysian character of Brazilian society in the 2014 FIFA World Cup

ABSTRACT The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil conveyed – by its slogan, mascot, posters and ceremonies – the idea of a Mulatto Brazil (an inventive and festive nation under the sign of two idiosyncratic worlds). We argue that such a reference – based on the duality between Dionysius and Apollo (as contemplated by Nietzsche and brought to the context of Brazil and football by Freyre) – was used as a means of bringing forward an idea of the exceptionality of Brazilian society (based on nationalist concepts of ethnicity) to attract tourists, ease social tensions and justify the event’s costs.

The Archeologist and Selected Sea Stories by Andreas Karkavitsas

Reviewed by: The Archeologist and Selected Sea Stories by Andreas Karkavitsas Patricia Felisa Barbeito (bio) Andreas Karkavitsas, The Archeologist and Selected Sea Stories. Translated by Johanna Hanink. New York: Penguin Books, 2021. Pp. ix + 220. Paper $17.00. The Archeologist and Selected Sea Stories belatedly but brilliantly brings to an English readership long-overlooked works by Andreas Karkavitsas. One of the most prominent authors of Greece’s generation of the 1880s and a practitioner of ethografia, a form of Greek naturalism focused on the rural experience, Karkavitsas was known for his masterful blend of folk and literary traditions, as well as his keen eye for the texture and tenor of the life and vernaculars of the common folk, all set against the backdrop of the turbulent political and social upheaval that caused Greece and the wider Balkan region to be dubbed the “powder keg” of Europe during this period. Coinciding in its release with the bicentennial of the Greek War of Independence (1821) and the centennial of the outbreak of the second Greco-Turkish war (1921), this volume brings together what can be considered two main axes of Karkavitsas’s reflections on evolving nationalist debates: on the one hand, his final, historically significant [End Page 487] albeit, at the time, negatively reviewed novel, The Archeologist (1904), with its treatment of the territorial aspirations and anxieties prompted by the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire; on the other, four of the best-known stories from his celebrated collection Tales from the Prow (1899), with the transnational and transcultural ethos that animates the maritime life they describe. Whether digging up ancient relics from the ground or diving down into the oral traditions of the sea, the works in this volume plumb the potentialities of the modern Greek novel. An allegory-cum-folktale-cum-morality play, The Archeologist presents us with the disparate forces shaping an emergent Greek modernity via the tale of two brothers, their romances, and the homosocial patterns of desire to which those romances attest. The elder brother, Aristodemus, literally succumbs to the cold dead weight of his obsession with antiquity and the fatal romanticizing of the foreign philhellene scholars with whom he consorts. The younger, Dimitrakis, smitten by the peasant vitality of the “bastardized” Elpida, promises, through the anticipated literal and figurative fruitfulness of this union, to hold at bay the encroachments of the Ottoman, Bulgarian, Serb, and Vlach neighbors he is in competition with. Similar themes of fraternal competition, betrayal, and commemoration shape the selections from Tales from the Prow, stories gleaned from the yarns told to Karkavitsas by the salty seafarers he encountered during his time as a ship’s physician; as Johanna Hanink writes in her introduction, they attest to Karkavitsas’s reclamation of “the deep as the literary territory of the modern Greek nation-state” (xxxix) and the inauguration of a rich and lasting tradition of modern Greek maritime writing. Situated on two resonant frontiers of Greek modernity, the volume presents us with worlds within worlds—worlds both central and marginal, modern and ancient, that undergird just as much as they unsettle some of that modernity’s central discourses. Hanink’s training as a classicist and her work focusing on the legacies of antiquity inform a remarkable introduction that contextualizes and frames her translations by means of the two aforementioned axes. In other words, the introduction locates Karkavitsas not only in terms of his national contexts but also in terms of his broader transnational literary and cultural concerns, which range from the role of the distant past in the conception of the modern nation to the evolution of maritime literature. If, as Anthony Burgess famously said, “translation . . . is a matter of making intelligible a whole culture,” the pleasures of reading this volume are very much deepened by a pedagogical positioning that elucidates not only the role of Karkavitsas in the development of the modern Greek novel, but also, in tandem, the intersections and dialogues—from Phil-hellenism to naturalism—that animate global literary cultures. [End Page 488] Of course, no discussion of works in translation ought to overlook the question of language, of language as culture—a point of particular significance to any discussion of these...

Evolving Trend of Domicile and Nationality in Private International Law with special reference to Nepal

Understanding the domicile and nationality is the key to properly adjudicating a case involving a foreign element by the judiciary. In this milieu, this paper aspires to analyse the concept of domicile and nationality with its evolving trend and evaluate the Nepalese judicial and legal policy on domicile and nationality through observation of international and local practices. Furthermore, this paper aims to trace the current policy gap in the legal and judicial interpretation of the domicile and nationality in the Nepalese context, including the citizenship bill. The paper concludes that connecting factors need to be used contextually on a case-to-case basis with proper policy genesis. It also prescribes key recommendations to address existing gaps, such as interpreting the habitual residence and nationality, domesticating the various Convention on the PIL such as Hague Conference on PIL, Law Applicable to Matrimonial Property Regimes, 1978, Celebration and Recognition of the Validity of Marriage, 1978, etc.