Concept Of Low-carbon Development Research Articles

Low-carbon economic dispatch of integrated energy system containing electric hydrogen production based on VMD-GRU short-term wind power prediction

The integration of energy systems (IES) enhances the interaction between the electricity, gas, and heat systems, and the concept of low-carbon development can further reduce the carbon emissions of IES. However, the uncertainty of wind power output and the complexity of different energy chains pose significant challenges to the low-carbon operation of IES. Therefore, this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatching strategy for IES containing electric hydrogen production based on short-term wind power prediction. Firstly, a variational mode decomposition- gate recurrent unit network prediction model is employed to enhance the accuracy of ultra-short wind power forecasting, which reduces the impact of wind power output uncertainty on wind power grid connection. Secondly, a refined two-stage P2G operation model for refining the electric hydrogen production device is constructed to decrease the carbon emissions of IES. Thirdly, a thermoelectric integrated demand response model is established to adjust the heat and power demand proportion, further reducing the IES's carbon emissions. Finally, the case study is performed based on IEEE standard system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Simulation analysis shows that introducing electrolysis for hydrogen production can reduce IES carbon emissions by 12.90%. In addition, introducing an adjustable thermal-electric comprehensive demand response can reduce IES carbon emissions by 1.543% while lowering the overall cost by 5.24%. The proposed strategies can simultaneously consider the low-carbon and economic aspects of IES.

Low carbon economic dispatch of integrated energy systems considering life cycle assessment and risk cost

Integrated energy systems (IES) strengthen the interaction among electricity, gas and heat systems, and the concept of low-carbon development can further reduce the carbon emissions of IES. However, the uncertainty of IES reduces the supply flexibility and the complexity of different energy chains reduces the accuracy of carbon trading volume. Therefore, this study proposes a low carbon economic scheduling of IES considering life cycle assessment (LCA) and risk cost. First, the carbon emissions generated from different energy chain conversion processes in IES are analyzed by life cycle assessment method. Subsequently, the calculated carbon emission coefficients are introduced into the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism to further constrain the carbon emissions of IES. Specifically, the system risk is controlled using the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) theory to obtain the day-ahead dispatch strategy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified based on the modified IEEE 39-node electric network, 20-node gas network and 6-node heat network models.

Site selection decision framework for biomass pyrolysis project based on a mixed method under probabilistic linguistic environment and low carbon perspective: A case study in China

Due to the shortage of fossil energy, pyrolysis has become a promising way for the thermal utilization of biomass resources, so as to partly replace fossil energy as well as achieve efficient resource usage. The site selection of the biomass pyrolysis (BP) project is an important task in the preliminary planning stage of the project. Moreover, since low-carbon development has become a common global goal at present, this paper proposes a decision-making framework from the low-carbon point of view for BP project site selection. Firstly, a complete site selection decision-making criteria system embracing the novel concept of low-carbon development is established for the first time, and the subjective and objective weighting method is integrated into the comprehensive integrated weighting method based on game theory. More importantly, a brand-new distance formula for the probabilistic linguistic term set is defined to measure the deviation between information, which uses expectation, variance and scale function to make the measurement more reasonable. Based on this, an improved TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multi-criteria decision making) method is proposed to more accurately determine the best option. Finally, taking Guangdong Province as an example, the best choice for site selection is obtained. This work can provide insightful theoretical basis for the site selection of BP projects.

Renewable Energy Trends within the Concept of Low-Carbon Development

Renewable Energy Trends within the Concept of Low-Carbon Development

Research on the spatiotemporal evolution of land use landscape pattern in a county area based on CA-Markov model

• Discussed the impact of road factor on the land use simulation prediction at the agricultural county scale to optimize the CA-Markov model. • Analyzed the characteristics and laws of the temporal and spatial evolution of the land use landscape pattern in Mianzhu City from 2008 to 2026. • Proposed the optimization strategies of land use structure under the concept of low-carbon development. The study of the landscape pattern of land use has important practical significance for land use planning and constructing ecological cities. CA, a dynamic modeling approach, has been widely used to simulate future land use change. This study simulated and predicted the land use landscape pattern of Mianzhu City using the CA-Markov model. The spatiotemporal changes and evolution characteristics of the land use landscape pattern from 2008 to 2026 were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Using land use data covering 2008, 2014, and 2020, the road factor parameter range was revised to 50 m, and the CA-Markov model was optimized. In terms of the composition of land types, forest and farmland account for more than 75% of the total area; construction and water areas increase significantly over time. The number of patches (NP) and patch density (PD), which reflect the degree of fragmentation, of landscapes from 2008 to 2020 were higher than 17,500 and 14, respectively. With higher fragmentation, lower agglomeration, and higher landscape diversity and uniformity, various indexes are predicted to have high values in 2026, indicating a significant decrease in fragmentation. In summary, strategies such as planning system, landscape pattern optimization, model modification, and land use patterns under the concept of low-carbon development are proposed. The findings will provide reference for promoting the construction of ecological cities.

Research on Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion of Intake Port Exhaust Gas Recirculation Based on Cam Drive Hydraulic Variable Valve Actuation Mechanism

The thermal efficiency of an efficient gasoline engine is only about 40% and it will produce a large number of harmful products. Curbing harmful emissions and enhancing thermal efficiency have always been the goals pursued and emission regulations are also being tightened gradually. As one of the main consumers of fossil fuels, automobile engines must further reduce fuel consumption and emissions to comply with the concept of low-carbon development, which will also help them compete with electric vehicles. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion combined with variable valve actuation (VVA) technology is one of the important ways to improve engine emissions and economy. HCCI combustion based on VVA can only be realized at small and medium loads. The actual application on the entire vehicle needs to be combined with spark ignition (SI) combustion to achieve full working condition coverage. Therefore, HCCI combustion needs fast valve response characteristics; however, the valve lift and timing of the existing VVA mechanisms are mostly controlled separately, resulting in poor valve response. In order to solve this problem, the cam driven hydraulic variable valve actuation (CDH-VVA) mechanism was designed. The valve lift and timing can be adjusted at the same time and the switching of valve lift and timing can be completed in 1~2 cycles. A set of combustion mode switching data is selected to show the response characteristics of the CDH-VVA mechanism. When switching from spark ignition (SI) to HCCI, it switches to HCCI combustion after only one combustion cycle and it switches to stable HCCI combustion after two combustion cycles, which proves the fast response characteristics of the CDH-VVA mechanism. At the same time, the CDH-VVA mechanism can form the intake port exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), as one type of internal EGR. This paper studies the HCCI combustion characteristics of the CDH-VVA mechanism in order to optimize it in the future and enable it to realize more forms of HCCI combustion. At 1000 rpm, if the maximum lift of the exhaust valve (MLEV) is higher than 5.0 mm or lower than 1.5 mm, HCCI combustion cannot operate stably, the range of excess air coefficient (λ) is largest when the MLEV is 4.5 mm, ranging from 1.0~1.5. Then, as the MLEV decreases, the range of λ becomes smaller. When the MLEV drops to 1.5 mm, the range of λ shortens to 1.0~1.3. The maximum value of the MLEV remains the same at the three engine speeds (1000 rpm, 1200 rpm and 1400 rpm), which is 5.0 mm. The minimum value of the MLEV gradually climbs as the engine speed increase, 1000 rpm: 1.5 mm, 1200 rpm: 2.0 mm, 1400 rpm: 3.0 mm. With the increase of engine speed, the range of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) gradually declines, 3.53~6.31 bar (1000 rpm), 4.11~6.75 bar (1200 rpm), 5.02~6.09 bar (1400 rpm), which proves that the HCCI combustion loads of the intake port EGR are high and cannot be extended to low loads. The cyclic variation of HCCI combustion basically climbs with the decrease of the MLEV and slightly jumps with the increase of the engine speed. At 1000 rpm, when the MLEV is 5.0 mm, the cyclic variation range is 0.94%~1.5%. As the MLEV drops to 1.5 mm, the cyclic variation range rises to 3.5%~4.5%. Taking the maximum value of the MLEV as an example, the cyclic variation range of 1000 rpm is 0.94%~1.5%, 1200 rpm becomes 1.5%~2.3% and 1400 rpm rises to 2.0%~2.5%.

Measurement of Composites Index on Low Carbon Development Supporting Food Security

Since the concept of low carbon development (LCD) was adopted at the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, Indonesia has been committed to implementing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In 2020, the country issued Presidential Regulation No. 18, which made LCD one of the national priority programs to maintain economic and social through low emission activities and reduce the overexploitation of natural resources. The LCD is a way for the country to overcome the tradeoff between economic growth and environmental degradation. Nevertheless, LCD is a new initiative for Indonesia, so it needs strategic indicators that influence the achievement of development. This paper attempts to integrate macro-regional development indicators that combine each region’s gross domestic product, human development index, and unemployment rate with LCD indicators, including the environmental quality index and g reenhouse gas emissions. The combined indicators were constructed by composite index through the Shannon entropy method, geometric and arithmetic means using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The results show significant differences among provinces concerning to macro-regional indicators once the LCD indicators were incorporated. The results of this analysis could be used by policymakers to evaluate the green development of regions.

Green economic based on low-carbon development on small islands

Global warming and climate change are having an impact on human and the planet. This occurs worldwide due to an exploitative economy, which does not consider the degradation of natural resources and the environment. Damage to terrestrial ecosystems in small island areas has a direct impact on the destruction of marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, seagrasses, and another biodiversity. The most current devastating impact is the emergence of the “Covid-19 Pandemic”, which shows that so far humans have adopted an individualistic way of life that ignores their environment. This analysis is carried out through a literature review of the research results and scientific discussions that have developed so far. The results of the study show that if the economy continues to run as it is now, the Earth will continue to be in crises such as floods, extreme weather, rising sea levels, food shortage, and outbreaks of more viruses. Changes in paradigm and human behaviour are needed, not only from the government as the main actor of development but also support from the entire community. Science and innovation that are currently developing a change in development towards the ecological-economy, environmental economics, which is currently known as the “Green Economy Model” is already covered by controlling global warming and climate change. The transformation from an Exploitative Economy to a Green Economy has developed in the concept of Low Carbon Development and Build Back Better as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which needs to be formed in an integrated manner as a concept for Sustainable Small Islands Development and bring welfare for the community.

Research on energy-saving strategies of college stadiums and sports venues under the concept of low carbon development

More than half of the stadiums and sports venues in China are concentrated in the education system, and a large proportion of them are distributed in various colleges and universities across the country. Therefore, the planning, design, construction, operation and management of stadiums and sports venues of college and university are also getting more and more attention from the society and the educators. The author believes that under the concept of low carbon development, colleges and universities should focus on introducing ideas of energy conservation and put the concepts of low carbon economy development throughout the whole process and all aspects of operational management of stadiums and sports venues, so as to achieve the effects of sustainable development while fulfilling social responsibility of environmental protection, promoting green lifestyle among the students and contributing to green development model.

Copper Companies as a Basis for Ensuring Their Global Competitiveness

The purpose of this study is to develop methodological tools and assess the energy efficiency of Russian copper companies in comparison with the world's leading competitors as the basis for ensuring their competitive development. It is shown that in today's conditions the defining vector of economic development in the leading countries of the world is the concept of low-carbon development and the implementation of the model of a «green economy, based on the introduction of energy-efficient low-carbon technologies that reduce energy intensity and the level of greenhouse gas emissions, on the widespread implementation of energy conservation policies and stimulating the rational use of energy resources A scientific and methodological approach to researching and increasing the competitiveness of companies based on their energy efficient development based on the use of a systematic approach and the principle of feedback between the company's competitiveness and the implementation of its energy efficient development strategy is proposed. A methodological approach to assessing the energy efficiency of companies has been developed, based on the use of indicative analysis and comparative analysis of energy efficiency indicators. Within the framework of the developed methodology, a system of indicators of the company's energy efficiency is proposed, which is based on a three-level assessment at the following levels: the level of the production complex as a whole; the level of certain types of products manufactured by the production complex; the level of the technological process for the production of products. Within the framework of the considered three-tier system, a block system of energy efficiency indicators of the company has been formed. The conceptual scheme of the methodology for the multicriteria selection of priority energy-efficient projects for the development of the company is proposed, based on a complex multi-stage procedure, as a result of the implementation of which the selection of the set of projects is made that will provide the maximum effect from the standpoint of increasing the company's energy efficiency. Practical testing of the proposed methodological developments was carried out in relation to the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company - the largest domestic company in the field of copper and copper products production - in comparison with the world's leading competitors. The results of the approbation showed a significant lag of the company in a number of key energy efficiency indicators from the world's leading manufacturers.

The Discussion on Land Layout Mode of Low Carbon Block Based on Inhibiting Mobility

Along with the transformation of Chinas economic development and industrial structure, the concept of low carbon development becomes more and more important in Chinas constructions in cities. Block, as the basic unit of city structure, is the important source of travel demands. Through the researches on the scale and functions of the block, the construction of inhibiting mobility low carbon block aims to find a basic layout mode to reduce motorized traffic frequency inside and outside the block. With the impeccable construction of slow traffic system, complete infrastructure facilities and a relative job-housing balance, the residents essential needs can be met within the block by non-motorized traffic. In this way, not only can the motorized transportation needs be reduced, but also the energy can be saved to lessen carbon dioxide emissions, which benefits the construction of low carbon city greatly.

Recreating the Traditional Waterfront Living Space - A Study on the Design Mode of Livable Space under the Concept of Low-Carbon Development

This article takes traditional waterfront living space as the object of study, analyzes configuration features of such space, learns from design experience at home and abroad, explores the design mode of such space suitable for modern society and finally illustrates the mode by relevant examples. This study has an important significance in both theoretical research and practical applications in the design of livable space under the concept of low-carbon development.

Recreating the Traditional Waterfront Living Space - A Study on the Design Mode of Livable Space under the Concept of Low-Carbon Development

This article takes traditional waterfront living space as the object of study, analyzes configuration features of such space, learns from design experience at home and abroad, explores the design mode of such space suitable for modern society and finally illustrates the mode by relevant examples. This study has an important significance in both theoretical research and practical applications in the design of livable space under the concept of low-carbon development.