Intuitive Concept Research Articles

Versatile energy loss conversion for recovering waste alternating potential through polarization transfer medium

Electric energy is considered the most acceptable solution to address environmental issues and energy shortage. However, the widespread generation and consumption of electric energy on a global scale increase a significant amount of unrecognised and unintentionally wasted electrical energy from a microscopic to macroscopic scale in electrical systems, or even by the movements of the human body in daily life. However, no fundamental solution has yet been proposed for harvesting these energy losses. Here, we first introduce an intuitive and innovative concept, called the Versatile Energy-Loss Conversion (VELC), which recovers waste AC energy occurring in electrical systems and daily life. Our fundamental research is demonstrated successfully through standardised electrical experiments, electrostatic simulations, and complementary analysis. Furthermore, the results of the demonstration of VELC in electrical systems and daily life indicate the possibility of this scientific research to improve the quality of life in human civilisation at large.

Emotion’s influence on judgment-formation: Breaking down the concept of moral intuition

ABSTRACTRecent discussions in the field of moral cognition suggest that the relationship between emotion and judgment-formation can be described in three separate ways: firstly, it narrows our attention to a few salient features of a situation to which we ascribe significance; secondly, it opens up the possibility for critical reflection on the moral ends we’ve set up for ourselves; and thirdly, it has no significant effect on moral cognition. It has not yet been explained why emotion plays apparently contradictory roles in moral decision-making, nor what conditions are necessary to prompt an individual to deliberate on how to realize her moral ends. I argue that emotion is one of multiple, potentially conflicting impulses that occur simultaneously in any given experience of moral intuition. If there is conflict between the action toward which emotion draws us and impulses toward other types of behavior, we are prompted to pause and reflect on how to act, whereas if there is no such conflict, extensive deliberation is deemed unnecessary and is forgone. I explore the implications of my internal conflict model for moral cognition by proposing an explanation for Greene’s experimental results which differs from that offered by Greene himself.

DNA Readout Viewer (DRV): visualization of specificity determining patterns of protein-binding DNA segments.

SummaryThe sequence specific recognition of DNA by regulatory proteins typically occurs by establishing hydrogen bonds and non-bonded contacts between chemical sub-structures of nucleotides and amino acids forming the compatible interacting surfaces. The recognition process is also influenced by the physicochemical and conformational character of the target oligonucleotide motif. Although the role of these mechanisms in DNA-protein interactions is well-established, bioinformatical methods rarely address them directly, instead binding specificity is mostly assessed at nucleotide level. DNA Readout Viewer (DRV) aims to provide a novel DNA representation, facilitating in-depth view into these mechanisms by the concurrent visualization of functional groups and a diverse collection of DNA descriptors. By applying its intuitive representation concept for various DNA recognition related visualization tasks, DRV can contribute to unravelling the binding specificity factors of DNA-protein interactions.Availability and implementationDRV is freely available at https://drv.brc.hu.Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Implicit theory of personality as a prerequisite for pedagogical intuitions development

The article is devoted to the study of pedagogical intuition, its interconnection with the ideas of man about intellect and personality. Pedagogical intuition is frequently used in teachers' work, but the concept of pedagogical intuition and ways of its development is not clear. At the same time, developed pedagogical intuition, as an ability of a teacher to make quick decisions in their professional activity, allows them to simplify and speed up the process of solving professional issues, which is especially important for modern Russian teachers. Due to the high level of bureaucratization of education and a large teaching load, teachers in Russia are very time-bounded in their work.The article suggests that pedagogical intuition can be developed through the development of other personal characteristics. This study examined the relationship of intuitive abilities on the one hand, and the implicit theories of the personality, its learning objectives - on the other. To confirm this thesis, 50 senior students of the pedagogical university of Naberezhnye Chelny were interviewed. Since the sample was not large, the author of this article does not deny the possible error in the results of the study. However, it should be noted that the sample of the study will be increased several times to confirm the results obtained.As a result of the study, significant results were obtained on two scales of the questionnaire of implicit theories and learning objectives by C. Dweck and the questionnaire of the intuitive style of S. Epstein.

In Search of Intuition

ABSTRACT What are intuitions? Stereotypical examples may suggest that they are the results of common intellectual reflexes. But some intuitions defy the stereotype: there are hard-won intuitions that take deliberate effort to have, improved intuitions that contravene how matters naively seem to us, and expertly guided intuitions in which an expert in some domain guides a novice toward having an intuition that, otherwise, he or she would not have had. I argue that reflection on these three phenomena motivates a conception of intuition that emphasizes its phenomenology over its aetiology, as well as its grounding in malleable problem-solving abilities.

CPUE standardization for the Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) fishery in the Northwest Pacific

In stock assessment and fisheries management, the standardization of catch per unit effort (CPUE) is critical to derive an effective index of the abundance of exploited fish stocks. In addition to developing various statistical models, a method including the relative fishing power (RFP) of individual vessels has been developed from an intuition concept and applied to bottom trawl fisheries using logbook-based data. This is a convenient and straightforward approach for standardizing the catch-effort data of a fishery. The Pacific saury is a pelagic fish species, and its stock in the Northwest Pacific has been targeted by international fleets since the early 1980s; annual production ranged from 328,000 to 630,000 tons during 2001- 2016. The Pacific saury stock has been one of the resources managed by the North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC) since 2015. In this study, the RFP method in CPUE standardization was applied to the Taiwanese Pacific saury fishery in the Northwest Pacific, and the effects of varying the parameters of the model were analyzed. The results indicate that more than 98.8% of the fishing effort can be standardized according to the estimated RFP, with 20 being the minimum number of required comparisons in each of the 4-year periods during 2001-2016. The RFP values of the model generally correlate with the length and gross tonnage of fishing vessels in the saury fishery. The result of the model, applied to the Pacific saury fishery, is robust when the model considers the effects of varying the model parameters (the minimum number of comparisons and standard vessel). This study suggests that first, the RFP method is appropriate for the CPUE standardization of the Pacific saury fishery, and that second, the resulting CPUE can be an effective index of abundance that reflects the annual variability of the Pacific saury stock in the Northwest Pacific.

Creative and Intuitive Decision-Making Processes: A Comparison of Brazilian and German Soccer Coaches and Players

ABSTRACTPurpose: The concepts of creativity and intuition have been well studied in isolation, but less is known about their distinctive contributions to option generation in decision making. Method: We examined the relation between creative and intuitive decision making in two studies—one involving coaches and one involving soccer players—using video footage of real soccer matches. Additionally, we analyzed whether this relation is culture generic or culture specific by conducting matched cross-cultural studies in a European and a South American country. Results: In Study 1, results indicate a conceptual overlap of creativity and intuition for Brazilian and German soccer coaches. Furthermore, coaches did not differ in their evaluation of creative and intuitive actions of players of both cultures. In Study 2, we found that for both subsamples the total number of generated options was positively correlated with the quality of the first and the final option and that the quality of players’ first (intuitive) option was higher than that of options generated later. Moreover, results indicate a positive correlation between a player’s creativity score and the quality of the first generated option for the whole sample. Conclusion: Overall, our findings provide meaningful information regarding athletes’ and coaches’ option-generation processes in decision making in complex team sports.

A Justification for the Quantificational Hume Principle

In recent work Bruno Whittle has presented a new challenge to the Cantorian idea that there are different infinite cardinalities. Most challenges of this kind have tended to focus on the status of the axioms of standard set theory; Whittle’s is different in that he focuses on the connection between standard set theory and intuitive concepts related to cardinality. Specifically, Whittle argues we are not in a position to know a principle I call the Quantificational Hume Principle (QHP), which connects the application of intuitive, quantificational cardinality concepts (including ‘at least as many’) to claims involving the existence of functions. This paper responds to Whittle’s skeptical arguments by providing an argument justifying the QHP.

Can't see the colony for the bees: behavioural perspectives of biological individuality.

The question 'what is an individual' does not often arise in studies within the field of behavioural ecology. Generally behavioural ecologists do not think about what makes an individual because they tend to use intuitive working concepts of individuality. Rarely do they explicitly mention how individuality affects their experimental design and interpretation of results. By contrast, the concept of individuality continues to intrigue philosophers of biology. It is interesting that while philosophers of biology debate definitions of individuality, biologists generally use the concept of individuality every day without much thought. Here we review the philosophical approaches to defining biological individuality, and illustrate how the biological individuality concepts used by biologists are affected by their study question and choice of organism. We clarify the behavioural perspective of biological individuality by introducing the concept of the behavioural individual. The notion of the behavioural individual is particularly interesting when explored in less-conventional study organisms. By including less-conventional organisms, it becomes clear why the concept of biological individuality is usually intuitive in behavioural ecology.

Conceptos ad hoc, arquitectura cognitiva y localismo léxico

La Teoría de la Pertinencia hace una de las principales defensas de la tesis de subdeterminación lingüística local. Según esta tesis, el concepto intuitivo expresado por medio de un ítem léxico en la emisión de una oración es un concepto ad hoc que resulta de un proceso libre de control lingüístico. Los conceptos ad hoc se postulan porque introducen un tipo de organización cognitiva que se considera necesaria para satisfacer las demandas que, para esta Teoría, impone la comprensión de conceptos intuitivos. Aquí planteo que nuestro sistema cognitivo puede satisfacer estas demandas sin tolerar proposiciones determinadas básicamente por conceptos ad hoc. También planteo que la información suministrada por los conceptos ad hoc es dispensable para la comprensión de conceptos intuitivos. Finalmente, propongo una posición léxica local según la cual, el concepto intuitivo expresado a través de un ítem léxico es el concepto léxicamente asociado a ese ítem.

Design Ideator: A Conceptual Design Toolbox

Computer tools for embodiment and detailed engineering design (computer-aided design (CAD)) evolved rapidly in the past 35 years and are now pervasive throughout the industry. But todays commercial CAD is geometry-centric, not appropriate for early stages of design when detailed geometry and dimensions are not known. This paper describes a framework and a set of interconnected tools for conceptual design. In this system, a broad range of intuitive and experiential concept generation methods have been operationalized and implemented as databases, artifact repositories, knowledge bases, and interactive procedures to promote divergent thinking. The so-called “Design Ideator” includes methods for flexible and dynamic design problem formulation, re-formulation, and restructuring in the form of hierarchical and re-configurable morphological charts. This tool has been continuously enhanced through three phases of user studies and feedback. The main contributions of this work are as follows. First, this research has created a holistic framework with interlaced knowledge bases from a wide range of methods, as opposed to past research that have relied on single experiential only method. Second, we have formulated algorithms to support several intuitive methods, such as contextual shifting, analogical reasoning, provocative stimuli, and combinatorial play.

Defining complementary tools to the IVI. The Infrastructure Degradation Index (IDI) and the Infrastructure Histogram (HI)

ABSTRACTThe Infrastructure Value Index (IVI) is quickly becoming a standard as a valuable tool to quickly assess the state of urban water infrastructure. However, its simple nature (as a single metric) can mask some valuable information and lead to erroneous conclusions. This paper introduces two complementary tools to IVI: The Infrastructure Degradation Index (IDI) and the Infrastructure Histogram (HI). The IDI is focused on time (compared to the IVI, focused on value), represents an intuitive concept and behaves in a linear way. The joint analysis of IVI and IDI provides results in a more complete understanding of the state of the assets, while maintaining the simplicity of the tools. The Infrastructure Histogram allows for a full evaluation of the infrastructure state and provides a detailed picture of network age compared to its expected life, as well as an order of magnitude of the required investments in the following years.

Intervals of quasi-decompositionality and mechanistic explanations

Abstract: It is commonly assumed that the concept of mechanism is a keytool for the scientific understanding of observable phenomena. However, there is no single definition of mechanism in the current philosophy of science. In fact, philosophers have developed several characterizations of what seemed to be a clear intuitive concept for scientists. In this paper, I will analyze these philosophical conceptions of mechanism, highlighting their problematic aspects and proposing a new mechanistic approach based on the idea that the pertinent levels of organization for a mechanistic explanation can be identified with intervals of quasi-decompositionality. I argue that this approach allows us to consider that activities are directly derived from the entities’ structure. Consequently, a mechanistic explanation implies an arbitrary but not capricious choice of an organizational level. According to this approach, inter-level causation is merely apparent and there is no place for emergent properties. Keywords: mechanisms, emergent properties, quasi-decompositionality, systems.

Active Disturbance-Rejection-Based Speed Control in Model Predictive Control for Induction Machines

Finite set model predictive torque control (FCSMPTC) of induction machines has received widespread attention in recent years due to its fast dynamic response, intuitive concept, and ability to handle nonlinear constraints. However, FCSMPTC essentially belongs to the open-loop control paradigm, and unmatched parameters inevitably cause electromagnetic torque tracking error. In addition, the outer loop (i.e., the speed loop) based on a proportional-integral (PI) regulator cannot achieve optimal control between speed dynamic response and torque tracking error compensation. The traditional control paradigm is abbreviated as PI-MPTC. In order to solve the aforementioned problem, this paper proposes active disturbance-rejection-based model predictive torque control (ADR-MPTC). First, the influence mechanism of mismatched parameters on torque prediction error in PI-MPTC is studied, and then the performance of a traditional PI regulator used to compensate for torque prediction error is analyzed. Second, this paper introduces several parts of the proposed ADR-MPTC, including the design of the torque prediction error observer, nonlinear prediction error compensation strategies, an enhanced predictive torque control, and a simplified full-order flux observer. Finally, PI-MPTC and ADR-MPTC are studied experimentally. The experimental results show that compared with PI-MPTC, ADR-MPTC performs better in dynamic and steady states, and has stronger robustness.

Mesenteric excision of upper esophagus: a concept for rational anatomical lymphadenectomy of the recurrent laryngeal nodes in thoracoscopic esophagectomy.

The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph nodes are among the most frequently involved lymph nodes in esophageal cancer. Surgical removal of these lymph nodes is considered beneficial for postoperative prognosis, especially in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, the precise surgical anatomy of the upper mediastinum is not well understood and no distinct high-resolution images are currently available. In this article, we provide a simple intuitive concept of upper mediastinal surgical anatomy that could facilitate rational anatomical lymphadenectomy of the RLN lymph nodes. The essential concept of this mesenteric excision is to mobilize mesoesophagus including RLN in an en bloc fashion and to save RLN laterally by incising visceral sheath. This is applicable identically to both right and left upper mediastinum. Between January 2009 and December 2017, thoracoscopic esophagectomy with upper mediastinal lymphadenectomy for primary esophageal cancer was performed in 189 patients. Median thoracoscopic procedure time was 297 (range 205-568) min and median intraoperative blood loss was 70ml (range unmeasurable up to 2545ml). Median number of harvested upper mediastinal lymph nodes was 12. Postoperative complication of Clavien-Dindo classification grade III or higher events was observed in 14% of patients. RLN palsy of grade II or higher occurred in 20 patients (11%). The mesoesophagus in the upper mediastinum is an anatomical unit surrounded by fibrous connective tissue containing the esophagus, trachea, tracheoesophageal vessels, lymphatic tissue, and RLNs. Thus, mesenteric excision of esophagus is defined to resect this area by sparing trachea and RLNs for rational anatomical lymphadenectomy. We believe that this concept makes upper mediastinal lymphadenectomy safer and more appropriate.

The Unknown Position of Intuition in Design Activity

Although the concept of intuition is quite popular within design research today, it still needs to be thoroughly investigated. The paper in this sense aims to discuss the concept of intuition and examine how designerly activities resonate with the well-known theories on intuition. Inspired by Sinclair’s ‘integrated framework of intuition’, this study aims to conceptualize a framework, then identify intuitive functions as direct matching, associative matching, incremental synthesis and radical synthesis. Those theoretical assumptions are then tested with an exploratory study by tracing the design behaviours of novice and expert designers. By doing this, the paper seeks to reveal ‘design moves’ that go hand in hand with the cognitive features of intuition. In a broader perspective, this study aims to contribute to the theory of intuition and thus provide an alternative perspective to the ‘unprincipled’ behaviours of the designer.

Analysis and mitigation of subsynchronous resonance based on integral control for DFIG‐based wind farm

Series capacitor compensation technology has been widely used in long-distance wind power transmission, which can improve the power transmission capacity and enhance the static stability of the power system. However, adding a series capacitor in the line may present a potential risk of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) to the system. This study focuses on the SSR caused by induction generator effect of the doubly-fed induction generator-based wind farms. The SSR phenomenon of wind power system is researched by the impedance analysis method. A mitigation strategy of adding a virtual inductance based on integral control is proposed for enhancing the system stability and alleviating the SSR. It has clear and intuitive physical concept, which is beneficial to system integration and provides a simpler and more economic method for mitigating SSR. Moreover, the principle and process of controller design are elaborated. Moreover, the time-domain simulation is carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy under different operating conditions considering various compensation levels and wind speeds. Finally, the suppression effects of the virtual inductance in rotor-side converter and grid-side converter are compared.

Electron mobility in graphene without invoking the Dirac equation

The Dirac point and linear band structure in graphene bestow it with remarkable electronic and optical properties, a subject of intense ongoing research. Explanations of high electronic mobility in graphene often invoke the masslessness of electrons based on the effective relativistic Dirac-equation behavior, which are inaccessible to most undergraduate students and are not intuitive for non-physics researchers unfamiliar with relativity. Here, we show how to use only basic concepts from semiconductor theory and the linear band structure of graphene to explain its unusual effective mass and mobility, and compare them with conventional metals and semiconductors. We discuss the more intuitive concept of transverse effective mass, which emerges naturally from these basic derivations, and which approaches zero in the limit of undoped graphene at low temperature and is responsible for its extremely high mobility.

„Cała matematyka to właściwie geometria”. Poglądy Gottloba Fregego na podstawy matematyki po upadku logicyzmu

Gottlob Frege abandoned his logicist program after Bertrand Russell had discovered that some assumptions of Frege’s system lead to contradiction (so called Russell’s paradox). Nevertheless, he proposed a new attempt for the foundations of mathematics in two last years of his life. According to this new program, the whole of mathematics is based on the geometrical source of knowledge. By the geometrical source of cognition Frege meant intuition which is the source of an infinite number of objects in arithmetic. In this article, I describe this final attempt of Frege to provide the foundations of mathematics. Furthermore, I compare Frege’s views of intuition from The Foundations of Arithmetic (and his later views) with the Kantian conception of pure intuition as the source of geometrical axioms. In the conclusion of the essay, I examine some implications for the debate between Hans Sluga and Michael Dummett concerning the realistic and idealistic interpretations of Frege’s philosophy.

DIY productive failure: boosting performance in a large undergraduate biology course

Students in first-year university courses often focus on mimicking application of taught procedures and fail to gain adequate conceptual understanding. One potential approach to support meaningful learning is Productive Failure (PF). In PF, the conventional instruction process is reversed so that learners attempt to solve challenging problems ahead of receiving explicit instruction. While students often fail to produce satisfactory solutions (hence “Failure”), these attempts help learners encode key features and learn better from subsequent instruction (hence “Productive”). Effectiveness of PF was shown mainly in the context of statistical and intuitive concepts, and lessons that are designed and taught by learning scientists. We describe a quasi-experiment that evaluates the impact of PF in a large-enrollment introductory university-level biology course when designed and implemented by the course instructors. One course-section (295 students) learned two topics using PF; another section (279 students) learned the same topics using an active learning approach, which is the standard in this course. Performance was assessed on the subsequent midterm exam, after all students had ample opportunities for practice and feedback, and after some time has elapsed. PF students scored nearly five percentage-points higher on the relevant topics in the subsequent midterm exam. The effect was especially strong for low-performing students. Improvement on the final exam was only visible for low-performing students. We describe the intervention and its potential to transform large introductory university courses.