Concept Of Intelligence Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence: problems of civil law qualification

Following the methodology of civil research, the concept of artificial intelligence is analyzed and the conclusion about the fallacy of recognizing the legal personality of artificial intelligence is argued. Artificial intelligence as a result of complicated programming is a complex object of civil rights, which includes various structural elements — the results of intellectual activity. The mechanism of acquiring the right to use the results of intellectual activity included in a complex object by a person who organized the creation of artificial intelligence is considered. The essence of legislative exceptions from the general rules on agreement on the alienation of exclusive rights and license agreements in relation to artificial intelligence is analyzed. The conclusion is substantiated that in the absence of regulation of relations on the acquisition of the right to a complex object, it should be provided for: an agreement between the person who organized the creation of artificial intelligence and each of the right holders of the result of intellectual activity that is part of artificial intelligence, or a special condition provided for in the agreement on the alienation of the exclusive right to the result of intellectual activity in as part of an artificial intelligence or a license agreement with each right holder. The conclusion is reasoned that the person who organized the creation of artificial intelligence, in the presence of the considered legal grounds, acquires not only the rights to the relevant results of intellectual activity — structural elements of artificial intelligence, but also the right to the entire artificial intelligence as a whole.

Effects of Combinational Use of Additional Differential Diagnostic Generators on the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Differential Diagnosis List Developed by an Artificial Intelligence-Driven Automated History-Taking System: Pilot Cross-Sectional Study.

Low diagnostic accuracy is a major concern in automated medical history-taking systems with differential diagnosis (DDx) generators. Extending the concept of collective intelligence to the field of DDx generators such that the accuracy of judgment becomes higher when accepting an integrated diagnosis list from multiple people than when accepting a diagnosis list from a single person may be a possible solution. The purpose of this study is to assess whether the combined use of several DDx generators improves the diagnostic accuracy of DDx lists. We used medical history data and the top 10 DDx lists (index DDx lists) generated by an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven automated medical history-taking system from 103 patients with confirmed diagnoses. Two research physicians independently created the other top 10 DDx lists (second and third DDx lists) per case by imputing key information into the other 2 DDx generators based on the medical history generated by the automated medical history-taking system without reading the index lists generated by the automated medical history-taking system. We used the McNemar test to assess the improvement in diagnostic accuracy from the index DDx lists to the three types of combined DDx lists: (1) simply combining DDx lists from the index, second, and third lists; (2) creating a new top 10 DDx list using a 1/n weighting rule; and (3) creating new lists with only shared diagnoses among DDx lists from the index, second, and third lists. We treated the data generated by 2 research physicians from the same patient as independent cases. Therefore, the number of cases included in analyses in the case using 2 additional lists was 206 (103 cases × 2 physicians' input). The diagnostic accuracy of the index lists was 46% (47/103). Diagnostic accuracy was improved by simply combining the other 2 DDx lists (133/206, 65%, P<.001), whereas the other 2 combined DDx lists did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of the DDx lists (106/206, 52%, P=.05 in the collective list with the 1/n weighting rule and 29/206, 14%, P<.001 in the only shared diagnoses among the 3 DDx lists). Simply adding each of the top 10 DDx lists from additional DDx generators increased the diagnostic accuracy of the DDx list by approximately 20%, suggesting that the combinational use of DDx generators early in the diagnostic process is beneficial.

The impact of emotional intelligence on operational effectiveness: The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior and leadership.

This article examines the influence of emotional intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior and transformational and transactional leadership, and the impact of these dimensions on operational effectiveness. The analysis was based on 180 valid questionnaires from organizations in Colombia's manufacturing sector of the Valle del Cauca region. The variables were analyzed using structural equation modeling to identify the relationships among the studied constructs. The results suggest that emotional intelligence positively affects organizational citizenship behavior. Nevertheless, emotional intelligence does not impact transformational leadership and only partially affects transactional leadership and operational effectiveness. Emotional intelligence has a strong and positive impact on operational effectiveness when mediated by organizational citizenship behavior, which does have a strong and positive predictive power on operational effectiveness. Hence, in the search for competitive advantage, leaders should seek to improve operational effectiveness by focusing on developing emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behaviour skills. Interestingly, of the two leadership styles examined in this study, only transactional leadership impacts operational effectiveness, which is inconsistent with the current literature and indicates a need for further leadership training. The value of this paper lies in discerning the current capabilities and strategies that individuals in an organization must address for proper transactional and transformational leadership. However, before operational effectiveness and a sustainable competitive advantage can be achieved, the role of leaders should be managed through the appropriate application of the concepts of emotional intelligence and organizational leadership behavior.

ADAPTIVE INTELLIGENCE: THE EXPERIENCE OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL SETTING OF THE DEFINITION

ThThe concept of adaptive intelligence is gaining ground in psychology. However, it is not clear why the term “adaptive intelligence” is needed, if the attribute of adaptability already occupies an important place in the semantics of the concept of “intelligence”. This article discusses the reasons for adopting this new concept. An important step in defining the 48 Научное мнение № 6 (2023) concept of adaptive intelligence is to justify the differences between practical intelligence (as a generic category) and adaptive intelligence (as its kind). Based on the ideas of R. J. Sternberg, a criterion was set to distinguish between these types of intelligence. These are situations with the task of surviving or minimising damage, which have the following features: a risk to the survival, integrity or stability of the subject, the limited time allotted by the situation conditions to solve the problem, and the demand for novelty, for creativity. The phenomenological study revealed constructs of everyday consciousness that are relevant to situations with the task of survival or minimising damage. The respondents (N = 107) were asked to read the description of problem solving in the indicated situations (12 samples), then answer questions regarding these situations. The processing of the semantic material was performed using content analysis. Based on the constructs with the highest semantic weight, the desired definition was proposed: adaptive intelligence is creativity, resourcefulness, ingenuity and skills, positively recognised by society, shown by an individual or a group in solving vital problems.

Exploring the drivers of XAI-enhanced clinical decision support systems adoption: Insights from a stimulus-organism-response perspective

The concept of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) provides a clear and comprehensible explanation for the reasoning behind a system's output, allowing users to understand the context in which it operates. In the realm of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS), XAI is particularly crucial, as it helps healthcare professionals (HCPs) in their decision-making processes. Without XAI, there is a risk of over-reliance on the system's output, potentially leading to subpar results. Despite the numerous benefits that XAI-enhanced CDSS hold in the healthcare industry, there has been a limited number of studies examining their implementation and acceptance. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the adoption of XAI-based CDSS through the Stimulus-Organism-Response model. The sample consisted of 172 HCPs from Malaysian public and private hospitals, and the research model was tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in conjunction with the bootstrapping method. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the stimulus factors of informed action, transparent interaction, and representational fidelity and the positive attitude towards XAI-based CDSS as an organism factor. Additionally, the study found that attitude was a significant predictor of the intention to adopt as a response factor. The analysis also revealed a negative and significant moderation effect of perceived performance risk on the relationship between attitude and intention, while the positive moderating effect of perceived fairness was not supported. The findings of this study have significant implications for both theoretical and practical considerations and highlight the importance of XAI in the field of Clinical Decision Support Systems.

심귀보의 智 개념에 관한 조선 유학자의 평가와 정재규의 이해

Jeong Jae-gyu (鄭載圭, 1843-1911) was a scholar in the late Joseon Dynasty who contributed to the solidification and formation of the Nosa school (蘆沙學派) through the publication of Nosajib (蘆沙集) and active lecture activities based on the independent acceptance of his teacher, Ki Jeong-jin (奇正鎭). He explained the concept of intelligence based on the definitions of Shen Gui-bao (沈貴珤), an early scholar of the Yuan Dynasty, and even though the volume was not large, he presented a deep analysis and a unique interpretation. Few Joseon Neo-Confucian scholars had explained the concept of intelligence based on Shen Gui-bao, so his attempts are unique. Shen Gui-bao explained, “the Intelligence includes the axis of change in the real world where the heavenly principles are inherent and has a mirror to judge the conflicts of human affairs”. Hu Bing-wen (胡炳文) used the explanation to justify his concept of intelligence. However, since intelligence is a principle, and the “axis of change in the real world” is also a principle, an unreasonable proposition of ‘principle includes principle’ can be established according to Shen Gui-bao’s definitions. Therefore, Kim Chang-hyeop (金昌協) and others criticized Shen Gui-bao, saying that such a proposition cannot be accepted. However, in the 19th century, Lee Hang-ro (李恒老) and Lee Jin-sang (李震相) showed a positive attitude toward Shen Gui-bao’s definitions. Jeong Jae-gyu, who partially accepted the influence of Lee Jin-sang, reaffirmed the fundamental position of intelligence through the phrase “Intelligence includes the axis of change in the real world”, and emphasized that intelligence is the basis for both moral judgment and the principle of perception. Furthermore, in the Neo-Confucian system, intelligence corresponds to a quiet virtue, so Jung Jae-gyu’s emphasis on it might lead to a theory of cultivation centered on solitude (靜), which can be confirmed in questions and answers shared with Ki Jung-jin, his writings, and poems.

Development of Digital Economy Teaching Materials: Basic Concepts of Business Intelligence

This study aims to develop digital economy teaching materials in accordance with the concept of business intelligence. Good and thoroughly structured teaching materials are very important in preparing students to understand and apply concepts in the digital economy, especially business intelligence. This research method is a study of literature, analysis of learning needs, development of teaching materials, and evaluation of the effectiveness of teaching materials developed. A literature study will be conducted to gather information about the latest developments in the field of business intelligence and to study existing teaching materials. This research confirms that the digital economy is an important aspect of the development of today's business world. Advances in digital technology have opened up new opportunities and influenced how business is done, becoming the main foundation for developing digital economy teaching materials. The first recommendation is to develop interactive teaching materials based on digital technology.

Artificial Intelligence Based MPPT Techniques of Photo Voltaic System

In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) investigates the global optimal solution by taking advantage of the memory of the particle and the swarm. PSO has evolved into one of the most significant Swam Intelligence techniques and Evolutionary Computation algorithms due to its characteristics of low constraint on the continuity of goal function and joint of search space, and capacity to adapt to dynamic environments. The development of algorithms over the years is then discussed, along with applications in multi-objective optimisation, neural networks, electronics, etc. The remaining issues and potential prospects for PSO research are then examined. One of the concepts of swarm intelligence introduced in the field of computing and artificial intelligence is particle swarm optimisation (PSO). PSO is a novel collective and distributed intelligent paradigm for problem solving, primarily in the field of optimisation, without centralized control or the provision of a global model. In this work, the basic PSO, its improvements, its applications to various systems, including electric power systems, and its premature convergence as well as its combination with other intelligent algorithms to enhance search capacity and shorten the time required to exit local optimums are all thoroughly reviewed.

Chatbots in Education: The impact of Artificial Intelligence based ChatGPT on Teachers and Students

The assimilation of artificial intelligence into education is an inevitable phenomenon. Intelligent tools provide opportunities such as personalized instruction, automated assessment and, last but not least, teaching with virtual assistants or chatbots. Chatbots and other virtual assistants have been on the market for years and have been used for educational purposes on various Q&amp;A platforms. ChatGPT, however, can be considered as an intellectual revolution of chatbots that have been released so far. ChatGPT has taken the concept of artificial intelligence to a new level and it was inevitable that it would make its debut in education. However, in schools, this level and relative novelty can bring not only benefits but also dangers. In this article, we discuss the potential of ChatGPT in the educational process. We look at the impact it can have on students, pointing out both the positives and the negatives. We then look at the opportunities for teachers. Finally, conclusions are drawn and suggestions are made as to the aspects that teachers and students need to adhere to in order to effectively implement ChatGPT in their everyday education.

Artificial intelligence vs. evolving super-complex tumor intelligence: critical viewpoints.

Recent developments in various domains have led to a growing interest in the potential of artificial intelligence to enhance our lives and environments. In particular, the application of artificial intelligence in the management of complex human diseases, such as cancer, has garnered significant attention. The evolution of artificial intelligence is thought to be influenced by multiple factors, including human intervention and environmental factors. Similarly, tumors, being heterogeneous and complex diseases, continue to evolve due to changes in the physical, chemical, and biological environment. Additionally, the concept of cellular intelligence within biological systems has been recognized as a potential attribute of biological entities. Therefore, it is plausible that the tumor intelligence present in cancer cells of affected individuals could undergo super-evolution due to changes in the pro-tumor environment. Thus, a comparative analysis of the evolution of artificial intelligence and super-complex tumor intelligence could yield valuable insights to develop better artificial intelligence-based tools for cancer management.

Цифровая трансформация промышленности на основе искусственного интеллекта

The article examines the practical significance of the development of artificial intelligence for Russian indus-tries in the context of the adopted National Strategy. To reveal the essence of the concept of artificial intelli-gence, approaches to definition, including system, functional, process, managerial, technological, resource, behavioral, have been systematized. Domestic and foreign assessment methods are considered, the expedi-ency of using the Global Artificial Intelligence Index to analyze its impact on economic development is justified. The dependence of the gross domestic product per employed person in the countries of the world on the de-velopment of artificial intelligence is visualized. Reliance between the increase in the volume of industrial pro-duction and the Global Artificial Intelligence Index are revealed on the example of individual industries in the extractive and manufacturing sectors of the economy. In oil production, the dependence of production volumes is more clearly traced than in the production of passenger cars.

The Concept of Emotional Intelligence in the Context of the Educational Phenomenon in the Work of Janusz Korczak

The current study is devoted to the concept of emotional intelligence in the work of Janusz Korczak. Selected moments from his work are presented that show the relationship between his ideas and messages and their correspondence with the components in the modern understanding of the theory of emotional intelligence.

Psychology between hot and cold cognition

This study discusses psychological research perspectives in the concept of emotional intelligence which represents an interplay between hot and cold cognition. This study aims to correct the dominant view of intelligence and emotion; reveal the importance of the interaction between these two concepts in the construction of emotional skills, in the adaptation of humans, and their well-being concerning their psychological and physical health as well as their professional and social life. In addition to concretizing this intelligence at the level of its structures and its neuro-psychological processes. Thus, the future prospects are initially: the expansion of studies to study the influence that emotional intelligence can exert on mental functioning (cognitive, and neuropsychological), the deepening of research on psycho-cognitives and neuropsychological connections underlying emotional and cognitive functions, and the innovation of rehabilitation treatments based on the development and improvement of these functions. This is a theoretical study, with an analytical approach, which concludes that despite the importance of emotion in life stability, studies that have dealt with the interaction between hot cognition and cold cognition are still few and modern. This calls for deepening the research into the nature of this interaction, its quality, degree, mechanisms, and results at the level of various areas of life, on one hand; and on the other hand; to clarify whether emotional processes, in turn, are able to interfere in the functioning of cognitive processes in general, and executive processes in particular. Keywords: emotional intelligence; cognitive processes; neuropsychological concretization; research perspectives; treatment.

Blockchain and Federated Edge Learning for Privacy-Preserving Mobile Crowdsensing

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) counting on the mobility of massive workers helps the requestor accomplish various sensing tasks with more flexibility and lower cost. However, for the conventional MCS, the large consumption of communication resources for raw data transmission and high requirements on data storage and computing capability hinder potential requestors with limited resources from using MCS. To facilitate the widespread application of MCS, we propose a novel MCS learning framework leveraging on blockchain technology and the new concept of edge intelligence based on federated learning (FL), which involves four major entities, including requestors, blockchain, edge servers and mobile devices as workers. Even though there exist several studies on blockchain-based MCS and blockchain-based FL, they cannot solve the essential challenges of MCS with respect to accommodating resource-constrained requestors or deal with the privacy concerns brought by the involvement of requestors and workers in the learning process. To fill the gaps, four main procedures, i.e., task publication, data sensing and submission, learning to return final results, and payment settlement and allocation, are designed to address major challenges brought by both internal and external threats, such as malicious edge servers and dishonest requestors. Specifically, a mechanism design based data submission rule is proposed to guarantee the data privacy of mobile devices being truthfully preserved at edge servers; consortium blockchain based FL is elaborated to secure the distributed learning process; and a cooperation-enforcing control strategy is devised to elicit full payment from the requestor. Extensive simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of our designed schemes.

Analogue and Physical Reservoir Computing Using Water Waves: Applications in Power Engineering and Beyond

More than 3.5 billion people live in rural areas, where water and water energy resources play an important role in ensuring sustainable and productive rural economies. This article reviews and critically analyses the recent advances in the field of analogue and reservoir computing that have been driven by the unique physical properties and energy of water waves. It also demonstrates that analogue and physical reservoir computing, taken as an independent research field, holds the potential to bring artificial intelligence closer to people living outside large cities, thus enabling them to enjoy the benefits of novel technologies that are already in place in large cities but are not readily available or suitable for regional communities. In particular, although the physical reservoir computing systems discussed in the main text are universal in terms of processing input data and making forecasts, they can be used to design and optimise power grid networks and forecast energy consumption, both at local and global scales. Thus, this review article will be of interest to a broad readership interested in novel concepts of artificial intelligence and machine learning and their innovative practical applications in diverse areas of science and technology.

Cultural intelligence and COVID-induced virtual teams: Towards a conceptual framework for cross-cultural management studies

This article proposes a creative approach to cultural intelligence, as an individual’s capability to function effectively under the condition of cultural diversity. Virtual team collaboration, as stimulated by the COVID-19 pandemic, constitutes a novel, culturally diverse context. We explore how cultural intelligence may shed light onto the requirements of post-COVID virtual and hybrid team collaboration. The contribution of this article to cross-cultural management studies is thus conceptual: by using the concept of cultural intelligence creatively and beyond its classic application, we exemplify a way in which cross-cultural management studies remain relevant, in an increasingly virtual world of work wherein people travel less to other countries, wherein collaboration takes place online and remotely, and wherein national cultural boundaries intersect with other cultural diversity factors.

ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES IN TWO STEPS

The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (TIM) addresses the concept of intelligence, in which their work together promotes the integral development of the individual. Despite not having been developed for educational purposes, TIM started to be widely used in this environment, helping in the teaching and learning process of students. The theory covers eight types of intelligences and has a qualitative character. However, studies appear with the intention of quantifying the approach of the Intelligences. Based on this approach, this article aims to quantitatively relate the intelligences to each other and verify how a prediction model reacts to this data set. For this, multiple regression and an artificial neural network (Multilayer Perceptron — MLP) were used. This research, of an applied nature, was carried out with students from the three grades of high school in a state public school in Fortaleza/CE. They answered a questionnaire with 80 questions based on the Multiple Intelligences itinerary developed by Armstrong (2001). A set of eight multiple regressions was created and the presented results show that there were small distortions in some coefficients when compared with the indices of the correlations between the variables. One of the plausible hypotheses is the size of the dataset. On the other hand, the prediction achieved with the MLP proved to be promising in terms of analyzing the development situation of any student. It is intended, in future studies, that the results can be implemented in a chatbot that offers, in a predictive way, prescriptions for the development of intelligences in the school environment.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) – The Need of the Hour

Objective: To explore the significance of emotional intelligence (EI) in communication and interpersonal interactions. Theoretical framework: Understanding the concept of emotional intelligence and its relevance to effective leadership and workplace dynamics. Method: Examining the relationship between emotional intelligence, leadership success, and employee productivity. Results and conclusion: Highlighting the importance of emotional intelligence for leaders and its positive impact on employee satisfaction and productivity. Implications of the research: Identifying the practical implications of emotional intelligence in fostering a respectful and productive work environment. Originality/value: Highlighting the unique contribution of emotional intelligence to leadership effectiveness and its impact on employee well-being and organizational outcomes.

РОЛЬ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА РУКОВОДИТЕЛЯ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ

The article discusses the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) as a person's ability to recognize, understand, control and effectively use their emotions and the emotions of other people. Such components of emotional intelligence as recognition, understanding, regulation of emotions, em-pathy, social skills are described. The research materials of the influence of the manager's emotional intelligence on the development of leadership qualities, effective conflict management, the creation of a favorable working atmosphere, staff motivation and job satisfaction are considered

‘Magnificent Intellect’: Character, Intelligence, and Genius in Sherlock Holmes

Since his first appearances in print, Sherlock Holmes has served as literature’s resident genius. But what does ‘genius’ mean in a world that increasingly conceptualises intelligence as a quantifiable and measurable phenomenon? This essay considers the characterisation of Holmes’s intelligence in the context of a revolution in the way human intelligence is understood – a revolution instigated by Francis Galton’s 1869 Hereditary Genius and emblematised by the invention of the IQ test in 1905. This historical context situates Holmes’s character at the crux of a shift in the conception of intelligence, as encapsulating a moment of cultural wavering between ‘genius’ as a mysterious quality or gift, and ‘genius’ as a higher-than-average number on a scale. Ultimately, this essay suggests that these competing models of the characterisation of intelligence in the Holmes stories illuminate a fundamental clash between the novelistic ideal of portraying incommensurable individuality on the one hand, and the de-individualising trend of the IQ model of intelligence on the other.