Economic Concepts Research Articles

Valorization of agitated thin film dryer (ATFD)-mixed-salt from textile wastewater for its application in leather manufacturing – a sustainable approach

ABSTRACT The textile industry uses sodium chloride and sodium sulphate during the dyeing process to improve the fixation of dyes on fabrics. After wastewater treatment, the reject stream is dried resulting in mixed salts as solid wastes that are not reused. The leather industry also uses a vast quantity of salt for temporary preservation of skins/hides and as swelling-suppressing agent during the pickling (acidification) process. Thus, an attempt was made to utilize the mixed salt obtained from the textile industry to replace sodium chloride in leather processing. It was found that a 40% w/w offer of ATFD salt was able to preserve the skins for 3 months, which was on par with the preservation carried out using a similar quantity of sodium chloride in conventional preservation process. Likewise, for the pickling process, an offer of 10% w/w ATFD salt provided sufficient deswelling action when compared to conventionally used sodium chloride. However, the residual colour of the mixed salts affected the quality of the leather obtained. To overcome this, an electro-oxidation treatment was carried out to obtain decolourized salts. The COD measurements showed that the 1% solution of ATFD-3 salt reduced from 471 ± 25 to 88 ± 16 ppm. A similar trend was also seen in BOD reduction from 80 ± 12 to 18 ± 10 ppm. These results confirmed that the colour removal could be due to the degradation of the organic contaminants present in the ATFD salt. Thus, the treated ATFD salt can be reused for leather processing without affecting leather quality, thus promoting the concept of circular economy.

Концепция промышленных революций: вклад Н. Винера и А.И. Анчишкина

The article examines the concepts of two industrial revolutions by the founder of cybernetics, N. Wiener, and three industrial revolutions by the founder of the Russian school of macroeconomic forecasting, academician A.I. Anchishkin, in the context of the evolution of economic concepts of the second Industrial Revolution and the scientific and technical revolution (STR). The shift in the meaning of the concept of the second industrial revolution is revealed – from the reformist synonym of the STR to a retrospective characterization of global shifts in technology and the world economy during the second half of the XIX century and early XX century. Special attention is paid to the infrastructural aspects of the second industrial revolution. The contribution of the Russian political economist A.I. Chuprov and the founder of graphic neoclassicism A. Marshall to their understanding is emphasized.

What is the meaning of value in a circular economy? A conceptual framework

Today, the concept of a circular economy (CE) has become omnipresent. Central to this concept is the term value, however, it is not properly defined, which leads to different interpretations, and hinders implementation of the CE concept. Hence, this article operationalizes the theoretical concept of value into a more practical understanding. First, the meaning of value within the CE context is examined, followed by the development of a framework wherein value is decomposed into two essential types; functional and created value. Next, the framework is applied to an illustrative case study involving four different end-of-life strategies: landfilling, closed loop recycling, remanufacturing and reusing. The framework enables a holistic comparison of the different strategies, represented in a visually compelling way, and clarifies the connection between theoretical CE concepts and practical measures. Consequently, it enhances the understanding of existing CE indicators and serves as a stepstone for the development of new indicators.

Mapping Blue Economy Potential Using Spatial Statistical Downscaling Model: Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Freshwater Fish Resources

Blue Economy is a sustainable economic concept that focuses on utilizing economic resources in marine, coastal and land ecosystems. Sustainable use of freshwater resources in the blue economy for inland waters supports economic growth with environmental balance. The Statistical Downscaling method is used to understand the impact of climate change on freshwater fish resources. To carry out mapping of the potential of the blue economy, it is carried out by statistical downscaling modeling with satellite variables with Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation parameter estimates. The response variable is satellite variables in the form of average rainfall. The modeling results show that Kalipuro District has the highest blue economy potential, while Kalibaru has the lowest. From the research results, that satellite data on average rainfall is a strong basis for printing statistical downscaling, increasing efficiency with open source digital data sources. Satellite data integration, maximizing analysis and comprehensive blue economy potential efficiency.

Critical Review of Islamic Economic Thoughts Based on the Perspective of Three Schools (Mazhab): Iqtishaduna, Mainstream, and Alternative-critical

Islamic economics is a science that combines economics with the principles of Shariah. The development of Islamic thought and economics started from the time of Rasulullah SAW, Sahabat until today. Regarding how the concept of Islamic economics is, three mazhabs have different views, namely: Iqtisaduna Mazhab, mainstream mazhabs, and critical alternative mazhabs. This article aims to understand the views of Islamic economics in all the three mazhabs mentioned above. The three mazhabs have different backgrounds in criticizing the concepts of socialist and capitalist economics. The Iqtishaduna mazhab was pioneered by Baqir al-Sadr, this mazhab chose to replace the economic term with ‘iqtishaduna’. Mainstream mazhabs approach Western economic thought with an open heart and mind, not necessarily rejecting it completely; therefore, there needs to be filtering and refinement of economic concepts; while the alternative-critical mazhab is a spirit of criticism that invitesnot only socialists and capitalists who are are criticized, but also Islamic economic thought should be criticized, because this mazhab argues that Islam must be true, but Islamic economics is not necessarily true. Keywords: Islamic economics, Iqtishaduna, mainstream, alternative-critical

Circular And Sustainable: Evaluating Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling using a Combined Statistical Entropy and Life Cycle Assessment Methodology.

While there has been a growing interest on the concept of Circular Economy (CE), its correlation with sustainability remains controversial. In this work, the combination of Statistical Entropy Analysis (SEA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is proposed as a new methodology to evaluate recycling processes from the perspective of materials circularity and environmental impacts using a Li-ion battery recycling process as a case study. This work addresses the need of quantitative circularity indicators, as SEA evaluates the concentration of materials at a systems level, while LCA measures the environmental impact of recycling processes in comparison with virgin raw materials production. It was found that process optimization points can be found by simultaneously accounting for materials recovery and the LCA categories of global warming potential, ozone depletion and mineral resource scarcity. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found for the first time between the recovery of critical elements and the environmental impact of raw materials production. The proposed methodology thus offers a robust analysis of a product lifecycle that aids in its design and optimization from the CE perspective.

Strategy of Empowering Maritime Defense Areas to Increase the Income of Fisherman Communities and Awareness of National Defense in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra (Study at Palembang Naval Base)

Republic of Indonesia Law No.34 of 2004 regulating the Indonesian National Armed Forces Navy Duties in Article 9 Paragraph (e); Implementing the Empowerment of the Maritime Defense Area. The implementation of maritime defense area empowerment is the empowerment of coastal communities through Maritime Potential Development, which is implemented by Main Naval Bases III/JKT, in this case, Palembang Naval Base in Banyuasin district, South Sumatra, which is represented by the coastal area of Sungsan I-IV village, Banyuasin II subdistrict. From the perspective of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, the goal is to carry out the primary mission of the Indonesian Navy, which is to raise awareness of national defense. The main objective of this research is to investigate the strategy for empowering maritime defense areas by Main Naval Base III/JKT, specifically Palembang Naval Base, in terms of increasing coastal communities' economic income and awareness of national defense in Banyuasin district, South Sumatra. The findings of this research reveal that there is no coastal community/fishermen empowerment program in Banyuasin district, South Sumatra that is planned, measurable, and sustainable. According to Chamber, community empowerment is an economic development concept that encompasses social values. This notion reflects a new "people-centered" development paradigm that is participatory and sustainable. The concept of empowerment encompasses more than merely meeting fundamental needs or providing a mechanism to prevent future impoverishment. Conclusion: Coastal community empowerment measures intended to increase fishing communities' earnings along with comprehension of National Defense in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, have not been planned.

Институциализация психологической помощи в системе высшего образования Российской Федерации

<p style="text-align: justify;">In the article, psychological assistance in the higher education system is analyzed in the context of its formation and development as a social institution — taking into account various scientific approaches to the definition of the concept of “Social institution”, including within the framework of the economic concept of growing social institutions and directed institutional changes, since this determines the role and place of psychological assistance in the life of society in general and the university community in particular, and also ensures its acceptance, recognition, sustainability and adaptability in changing historical conditions and socio-economic situation. In addition, recommendations are presented for the further development of the institute of psychological assistance in the system higher education in modern cultural and historical conditions.</p>

Russian Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Challenges and Relevant Solutions

Relevance of the research. The article considers a forced paradigm shift and systemic restructuring of Russian logistics due to the introduction of sanctions barriers and partial trade blockade, which, in addition to restricting Russian exports and imports, threatens digital technological transformations in supply chain management and occurs against the backdrop of tightening international environmental requirements for business activities, including logistics.The purpose of the research is to review changes taking place in Russian logistics and to analyze corresponding solutions for supply chain management.Design, methods, information base. The methodological framework of the research consists of fundamentals of logistics and supply chain management, elements of economic systems digital development concept and basic principles of ecological economics. The main research methods are collecting information from secondary sources, practicing experts in-depth interviewing, specialists surveying, computer content and PESTEL analysis. The methodological basis is formed by the basics of logistics and supply chain management, elements of the concept of digital development of economic systems and basic principles of ecological economy. The information base of the research consisted of interview transcripts, survey results, bibliographic documents, and Internet text files.Findings. As a result of the work, external challenges and influencing factors are identified, internal processes, drivers and trends characteristic of Russian logistics and supply chain management today are identified and described. Relevant decisions made by Russian logisticians in the current period are systematized and evaluated. The flexibility and sustainability of supply chains was confirmed, as well as the high adaptability of Russian logistics to radical transformation of business environment and operating conditions.Originality/value of the research. The study showed that despite the deglobalization of Russian logistics, it remains possible to manage any cargo delivery to Russia from anywhere in the world. The material may be useful both to Russian logistics practitioners and to persons studying or teaching the discipline “Logistics”.

Path Selections in the Development of Low-Carbon Economy

The development of a low-carbon economy plays a crucial role in human survival and the sustained and healthy development of economic society, and its trend is irreversible. This article delves into the core concepts of a low-carbon economy, further exploring the importance of promoting its development and the current challenges it faces. Based on this, practical path selections for the development of a low-carbon economy are proposed, aiming to effectively overcome various difficulties in the process and achieve harmonious coexistence between economic development and ecological protection, thus promoting comprehensive and sustainable development of human society.

GREEN WARRIOR: Empowering Women’s Economic Innovation Program Based on Green Sociopreneur through Mission-Based Learning Method for Economically Vulnerable Women (PRSE) in West Java

Economically Vulnerable Women (PRSE) are one of the vulnerable groups affected by poverty. Thus, the strategy to accelerate poverty alleviation is not merely a matter of capital and technical skills, but also about how to instill the feeling of being able to overcome life's challenges with dignity and empowerment. The purpose of this program was to enhance innovation and productivity of Economically Vulnerable Women to become Sociopreneurs capable of establishing businesses based on the concept of Green Economy. The research location is in Cibunut Village, Sumur Sub District, Bandung City. The method involved qualitatively describing the condition of Economically Vulnerable Women and outlining the concept of Green Warrior innovation. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and literature studies. Green Warrior was an innovative program designed in the form of solving a mission or challenge that involved knowledge, values, and social entrepreneurial skills. Its implementation consisted of five missions: Warrior Motivation Class, Warrior Coaching Class, Warrior Creative Class, Warrior Selling Class, and The Masterpiece of Warrior to strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit of Economically Vulnerable Women using the Mission-Based Learning method. Thus, with the presence of the Green Warrior innovation, it was hoped to drive poverty alleviation through sustainable economic growth and inclusive human development by developing human resource capacity in line with economic transformation, through skills enhancement and mentoring for vulnerable workers to become more productive, creative, and innovative, as well as being able to network as part of the supply chain to support the vision of 2045 Golden Indonesia.

Integrating blockchain technology success factors in the supply chain of circular economy-driven construction materials: An environmentally sustainable paradigm

Integrating blockchain technology (BT) with the circular economy (CE) concepts into the building materials supply chain is a crucial yet understudied field of research. Incorporating blockchain into the supply chain of circular economy-driven construction materials poses challenges in ensuring transparency, traceability, and efficiency while meeting sustainability goals. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate the critical success factors (CSFs) of blockchain technology in the supply chain of circular economy-driven construction materials. A thorough literature analysis was used to identify CSFs based on the PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal) aspects. Following that, expert interviews were used to confirm these CSFs. A questionnaire survey was developed and distributed online to gather information from industry and academic specialists. The fuzzy DEMATEL algorithm was used to analyze the gathered data. The study's findings emphasize CSFs, which include data security and privacy protections, stakeholder participation, and the accessibility and affordability of blockchain solutions. This study provides valuable advice to organizations incorporating blockchain technology while upholding circular economy standards. Additionally, by matching these CSFs to theoretical ideas, the study's theoretical implications highlight the positive synergy between technology, sustainability, and stakeholder participation.

Comparisons of stakeholders' influences, inter-relationships, and obstacles for circular economy implementation on existing building sectors

Buildings are energy- and resource-hungry: their construction and use account for around 39% of global carbon dioxide emissions; they consume around 40% of all the energy produced; they are responsible for over 35% of the EU's total waste generation; and account for about 50% of all extracted (fossil) materials. Therefore, they present a significant challenge to meeting national and international Net Zero targets of reducing greenhouse emissions and fossil resource use. The CircularB Project, is at the heart of this issue, which will underpin synergies of multi-scale circular perspectives (from materials, to components, to assets and built environments), digital transformation solutions, data-driven and complexity science, stakeholder behavioral science, and interdisciplinary capabilities towards achievable, affordable and marketable circular solutions for both new and existing buildings, for sustainable urban design, and for circular built environments across Europe. This paper contributes to the project by deriving new insights into the stakeholders’ influences, inter-relationships, and obstacles in the implementation of circular economy concepts on existing building stocks in Europe, which represent over 90% of whole building assets. In order to identify and derive the insights, our study is rigorously based on (i) a robust critical literature review of key documentations such as articles, standards, policy reports, strategic roadmaps and white papers; and (ii) interviews with relevant stakeholders and decision makers. Uniquely, our work spans across all scales of CE implementation from materials, to products and components, to existing building stocks, and to living built environments. The findings point out the current challenges and obstacles required to be tackled. Inadequacies of financial incentives and governmental enforcement (via policy, legislation, or directive) are commonly found to be the most critical obstacles found throughout Europe. Circular economy is the global challenge and not just a single country can resolve the climate issue without the cooperation of other countries. The insights thus highlight the essential need for harmonized actions and tactical/pragmatic policies promoted and regulated by the European Commission, national and local governments who can dominate the influence, promote inter-relationship, and overcome the barriers towards circular economy much more effectively.

Social Responsibility and Financial Performance in The Covid-19 era: Support for the Experience of Moroccan SMB

Objective: The objective seems to be to explore the importance of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a means of crisis management and performance lever allowing companies to withstand current financial and economic shocks. Theoretical Framework: The text mentions the intention to provide a historical overview of CSR, define CSR, financial performance, SMB, the role of SMB on economic growth, and cite organizational theories related to the importance of CSR in times of crisis. This section constitutes the theoretical framework by linking CSR to different economic concepts and organizational theories. Method: this article suggests a theoretical and descriptive approach, analyzing the economic impact of health measures and proposing recommendations, which involves documentary and theoretical analysis. Results and Discussion: The text focuses on presenting the topic and theoretical framework without providing specific results or data analyses. Research Implications: e research aims to highlight the importance of CSR for crisis management and financial performance of companies, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. The implications could concern strategies business, public policy, and managerial theory. Originality/Value: The originality of this research could lie in its analysis of the impact of CSR during the COVID-19 crisis, a relatively new and current topic. The combination of crisis management, financial performance and health measures from the perspective of CSR can constitute an original contribution to the existing literature on the subject.

Contemporary Financial Nationalism in Theory and Practice

Abstract The 2008 global financial crisis and its aftermath provided fertile soil for criticism of and alternatives to the international liberal order, including the rise of financial nationalism. Contemporary financial nationalism is a view of the world that is nationalist in its motivation for political action, financial in its policy focus, and illiberal in its conception of political economy. At the same time, it is fundamentally shaped by its emergence from within the international liberal order, which both constrains the policy options of financial nationalists and provides opportunities for them to draw on transnational financial resources and institutions to advance nationalist causes. This article offers a conceptual analysis of contemporary financial nationalism that explores its fundamental characteristics, explains what is distinctive about it, delineates its four major policy subtypes, identifies the resources and capabilities required to successfully engage in it, and discusses the implications of doing so. It aids researchers in thinking about financial nationalism’s internal workings across different contexts, in understanding why it has lasted as long and spread as far as it has, in considering how it may evolve, and in contemplating how it can affect domestic and international political economies.

Combustion Analysis of Mixed Secondary Fuel Produced from Agro-Biomass and RDF in a Fluidized Bed

In recent decades, there has been growing interest in the thermal conversion of various alternative fuels, such as biomass and waste-derived fuels. One of the technological solutions for the so-called direct co-combustion of fuels is to create mixtures of various fuels, called mixed secondary fuel. However, mixed secondary fuel has different properties compared to primary fuels. Due to this, by properly selecting the types and proportions of mixtures, it is possible to eliminate their potentially negative impact on both combustion technology and the natural environment. In this paper, we decided to prepare mixed secondary fuel by mixing sunflower husk pellets with RDF (refuse-derived fuel) in a ratio of 1:1 and then analyze the combustion process of the produced fuel in fluidized bed conditions. The results obtained on the basis of the presented research indicate that the mixed secondary fuel eliminated the impact of alkali metal compounds on reducing the melting point of ash and, consequently, on the combustion process of the mixed secondary fuel. An additional benefit is the reduction of emissions of harmful compounds into the atmosphere occurring during the combustion of municipal waste and compliance with the concept of the circular economy.

Circular Economy Principles and Their Integration into Global Supply Chain Strategies

The concept of circular economy has gained significant traction in recent years as a holistic approach to sustainable development and resource management. This review explores the principles of circular economy and their integration into global supply chain strategies. The transition from a linear 'take-make-dispose' model to a circular model focused on resource recovery, reuse, and regeneration is driving a paradigm shift in how businesses operate and manage their supply chains. Key principles of circular economy, including designing out waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use, and regenerating natural systems, are examined in the context of supply chain management. Strategies for implementing circular economy principles across various stages of the supply chain, from product design and manufacturing to distribution, consumption, and end-of-life management, are discussed. The review highlights the benefits of adopting circular economy principles in supply chain strategies, including reduced resource consumption, waste reduction, cost savings, and enhanced resilience to external shocks. Case studies and examples from diverse industries illustrate successful implementation of circular economy principles in supply chain management, demonstrating tangible environmental, social, and economic benefits. Challenges and barriers to the adoption of circular economy principles in global supply chains are also addressed, including regulatory hurdles, technological limitations, and cultural barriers. Strategies for overcoming these challenges and promoting a circular mindset among stakeholders are explored, emphasizing the importance of collaboration, innovation, and cross-sector partnerships. The integration of circular economy principles into global supply chain strategies offers significant opportunities for sustainable growth, resilience, and value creation. By embracing the principles of circularity, businesses can unlock new sources of competitive advantage while contributing to the transition towards a more sustainable and regenerative economy. Keywords: Circular Economy, Supply Chain, Sustainability, Integration, Challenges, Opportunities.

Recycling of Mulberry Stalk as Biochar and its Effect on Uptake of Nutrients by Mulberry

A field experiment was conducted in the mulberry crop to know the effect of soil application of mulberry stalk biochar on nutrients uptake by mulberry at farmer’s field at Sidlaghatta (Tq), Chikkabalapura District. A randomized block design was employed with eight treatments and three replications. A randomized block design was employed with eight treatments replicated thrice. Results revealed that, Combined soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) recorded higher leaf yield per hectare (13.07 t ha-1) and it was on par with T7 (12.61 t ha-1) which received soil application of biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 and FYM @ 10 t ha-1. The lowest leaf yield of 10.45 t ha-1 was recorded in control which was devoid of biochar. Among different treatments, significantly higher uptake of primary nutrients (Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 90.68, 9.07 and 47.10 kg ha-1, respectively) secondary nutrients (calcium, magnesium and sulphur of 44.48, 17.26 and 9.75 kg ha-1, respectively) and micronutrients (iron, manganese, zinc, copper and boron of 748.20, 153.22, 139.34, 60.92 and 54.25 g ha-1, respectively) by mulberry were recorded in the treatment (T8) which received soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and followed by T7 which received biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and found superior over other treatments. The control with no biochar application recorded lower nutrients uptake by mulberry crop. The findings revealed that utilization of mulberry stalk as a biochar has positive effect on nutrient uptake by mulberry crop and it could partly replace chemical fertilizers and promote organic farming in a circular economy concept.

An investigation of business calculus students’ covariational reasoning, procedural knowledge and conceptual knowledge in the context of price elasticity of demand

Abstract Motivated by the paucity of research that has examined students’ covariational reasoning in economic contexts, the study reported in this article investigated business calculus students’ covariational reasoning about the economic concept of price elasticity of demand. Furthermore, the study examined students’ procedural knowledge and conceptual knowledge in the context of explaining what it means for demand to be inelastic, elastic or unit elastic, respectively. Additionally, the study examined students’ calculational knowledge of price elasticity of demand. The analysis of 10 students’ responses to three tasks used in the study revealed that most of the students struggled making sense of what it means for demand to be inelastic, elastic or unit elastic, respectively. A majority of the students only engaged at the lowest levels of covariational reasoning when prompted to reason about the relationship between the concept of price elasticity of demand and its relationship to the economic quantities of price, demand and revenue. Furthermore, showing that maximum revenue occurs when price elasticity of demand is equal to one was particularly challenging for all the students. Overall, findings from this study suggest that the study participants demonstrated a weak understanding of the concept of price elasticity of demand. Directions for future research and implications for instruction are included.

Effect of Mulberry Stalk Biochar on Soil Nutrients Status and Productivity of Mulberry (Morus alba L.)

Biochar as an organic amendment improves soil attributes, with a potentially significant effect on soil fertility. The main objective of this study was to quantify the effect of biochar addition on nutrients status in mulberry cultivated soil. A field experiment was conducted in the mulberry crop to know the effect of soil application of mulberry stalk biochar on nutrients build up in soil at farmer’s field at Sidlaghatta (TQ), Chikkaballapura District during 2020-2021 (rabi2020, summer and kharif-2021). A randomized block design was employed with eight treatments replicated thrice T1: Control (NPK375:140:140 kg ha-1 alone) T2: POP (FYM (25 t ha-1) + NPK 375:140:140 kg ha-1) T3: Soil application of biochar @ 5 t ha-1T4: Soil application of biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 T5: Soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1T6: Soil application of biochar @ 5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1T7: Soil application of biochar @7.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1T8: Soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1NPK is common for all the treatments. Combined soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) increased the leaf yield (13.07 t ha-1) by 21 % over control (10.45 t ha-1 Significantly higher soil primary, secondary and micronutrients were recorded in T8 (soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1) followed by treatment T7 which received soil application of biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1. The lower soil primary, secondary and micronutrients were recorded in T1 which is devoid of biochar. The findings revealed that utilization of mulberry stalk as a biochar has positive effect on the improvement of nutrient status and it could partly replace chemical fertilizers and promote organic farming in a circular economy concept.