Concepts Of Economic Theory Research Articles

«Ядро-периферия» и периферийность в региональной науке

The article presents an analytical review of the development of the core-periphery and peripherality concepts in economic theory. The stages of formation of the core-periphery approach are marked by the contributions of the school of Latin American structuralism, theories of polarized development, dependency theory and world-system theory associated with the names of R. Prebisch, J. Friedmann, F. Perroux, S. Furtado, I. Wallerstein. The core-periphery concept has proved to be a useful analytical tool in studies of international trade and economic growth in the world economy. At the same time, uneven structures of distribution of economic activity in space, similar to the core-periphery structure, appear in many models of regional economy, starting with the model of agricultural production location by I. Thunen and ending with the core-periphery model by P. Krugman. These structures emerge without the help of the core-periphery concept, but as a result of the interaction of two fundamental factors – transport costs and economies of scale – and represent various combinations of dispersion and agglomeration. With regional inequality growing worldwide, the combination of the core-periphery approach and basic concepts of regional economics allows us to analyze the complex mechanisms of spatial polarization of economic space. Over time, the periphery has gone beyond the core-periphery dichotomy and developed into an independent category defined, defined by a combination of low accessibility of large markets, low population density and remoteness from decision-making centers. The concept of peripherality allows us to understand the processes of peripheralisation of previously prosperous territories through the interaction of power asymmetry and agglomeration effects

The essence of behavioral economics in the practice of rational nature use

The analysis and characterization of the essential and substantive basis of the concept of behavioral economics in rational nature management was carried out. To achieve the goal of the research, the article presents an assessment of the transformational process of behavioral economics in the environmentalization of agriculture in the temporal dimension, which is the construction of a cause-and-effect model with a reflection and thorough characterization of compliance with rational and irrational axioms, as well as individual ecological characteristics. The conceptual-categorical apparatus of behavioral theory is characterized from the point of view of various scientific schools and the stages of its formation as an independent modern concept in economic theory, as well as the peculiarities of each of the interpretations, their practical impact at each of the stages of formation. Taking into account the conducted analysis, in the course of our research, an author’s approach to defining the definition of behavioral economics in ecologically safe agriculture as a direction of economic theory was proposed, which includes a complex of models and mechanisms that determine the rationality and irrationality of an individual’s behavior in relation to the natural resources of the agrosphere, and on the basis of this definition, the corresponding features of the behavioral concept in the practice of nature economy are highlighted, and the characteristics of each of them are given. The mandatory further study of the behavioral concept from the perspective of an integrated approach is separately emphasized.

Time Criterion in Islamic Finance

This article presents the "Time Criterion" for identifying usury- based lending or ribā from trade and relates it to the concepts in economic theory.

Влияние экономики совместного потребления на трансакционные издержки

Purpose of the study is to determine factors influencing transaction costs on the sharing economy. The article examines the evolution of the fundamental concept of economic theory – transaction costs, under the influence of the expansion of sharing economy. The sharing economy appears to be the result of the further development of the consumption economy, since within the framework of this economic system, the quality of the services provided is improving. The scientific novelty lies in the clarification of the mechanism of mutual development of both the sharing economy and transaction costs. As a result, the importance of the factor of massive use of the Internet and mobile devices by a huge number of people, as influencing the service provision market, was revealed. At the same time, there is no need to overcome various barriers, and entrepreneurs have the opportunity to sell not so much reductions in production costs, but rather a reduction in transaction costs.

ANTI-CRISIS FACTORS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF SERVICE SECTOR ENTERPRISES

The transformation of the socio-economic conditions of the functioning of service enterprises caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting economic crisis, actualize the study of the possibilities of ensuring their competitiveness. The article gives the analysis of the genesis and development of the content of the category of enterprise competitiveness in the basic concepts of economic theory. The author proposes a definition of the competitiveness of a service enterprise. The paper analyses traditional basic factors of enterprise competitiveness as well as substantiates the anti-crisis factors of maintaining the competitive maintenance of a service sector enterprise in the context of the current economic crisis related to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as: digitalization of business and the process of providing services, customer focus, virtualization of the workforce, cybersecurity, and the use of opportunities of the state anti-crisis policy.

КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЬ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА ОСНОВІ МОБІЛІЗАЦІЇ ВНУТРІШНІХ РЕСУРСІВ

Introduction. In a market economy of competitiveness as an economic category, considerable attention is paid to scientists, which allows us to consider it a widely used concept in economic theory and an important problem in the practice of doing business. The algorithm of studying the competitiveness of an agricultural enterprise is generally accepted. The purpose of this article is improvement of methodological support for assessing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises on the basis of mobilization of internal resources. Results. The classification of mobilization of internal resources of agrarian enterprises in four directions is offered: mobilization of results of production activity, mobilization of resource security, mobilization of efficiency of resources used, mobilization of a financial condition. A five-factor model of power regression is constructed, where the resulting sign of competitiveness is the average annual sales of agricultural products of one agricultural enterprise, and factor such as average annual internal resources of one agricultural enterprise as value added of agricultural production, number of employees, material consumption and material consumption profitability of operating activities. The obtained results confirm the accuracy, reliability and statistical significance of the proposed methodological support for assessing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises based on the mobilization of internal resources and will be used in further research by the author. Conclusions. During the implementation of the methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises based on the mobilization of internal resources, the following results will be obtained. The stages of economic and mathematical modeling of the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises are based on the mobilization of internal resources. The composition and structure of mobilization of internal resources of agricultural enterprises are proposed. The significant five-factor model of power multiple regression is constructed. Key words: competitiveness, economic-mathematical modeling, correlation-regression analysis, average annual volume, resource, mobilization, agricultural enterprise.

The Role of Seniors in the Intergenerational Cooperaion within Organizations

Abstract The basic objective of the paper is to show that seniors (even in the age 70+) need not be treated just as a burden or as an object of social care and health care (which is, of course, important as well), but that they can be an important production factor in the traditional meaning of the concept in economic theory and can form a valuable component of an intellectual capital in a knowledge-based society. Objective reason of the growing interest in these issues is the aging of population during the last decades (especially in developed countries) and a greater availability of highly skilled seniors, that although meet the requirements to go retired, prefer to work longer and seek in the work (similarly as during their previous active years) a way of selfactualization and a source of vital energy. Keeping employed these seniors can be also economically effective for organizations.

ROZWÓJ ROLNICTWA INDYWIDUALNEGO W KONTEKŚCIE ZACHOWANIA USŁUG EKOSYSTEMOWYCH GLEBY

The issue of ecosystem services is a relatively new concept in economic theory. This is the concept considered problematic, due to the difficulty of defining the benefits provided to people by ecosystems and their measurement and valuation. Some of these services are strongly associated with soil. Soil is one of the basic environmental resources necessary to conduct agricultural production. It fulfills many of non-production functions and provides services that are essential to human existence. Based on the crucial classification developed by the United Nations, we attribute providing the following ecosystem services to soil: basic/supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural. Variety of services which are produced by soil causes the need to pay more attention to its quality, which is to a large extent derived from agricultural practices. The assessment of agriculture in the context of the farms’ organization allows to determine whether the present profile of agricultural production is conducive to maintaining environmental services or whether it destabilizes environmental processes. What seems especially important from this perspective is highlighting the changes in agriculture over the years, in the context of their impact on the condition of the natural environment. The aim of the paper is to indicate changes taking place in agriculture in Poland relevant to soil ecosystem services. The study was based on public data of 2005, 2007, 2016 from the Statistics Poland (GUS), gathered in the Farms Structure Survey. The research covered all private farms in Poland from 1 ha of agricultural land in good agricultural and environmental conditions. The results have shown the dynamic development of agriculture in Poland after accession to the EU, although many of the observed changes can threaten soil ecosystem services. The progressive crop diversification, including the cultivation of winter species, nitrogen fixing crops and catch crops were assessed positively. Problematic issues were, on the one hand, the process of farms’ withdrawal from livestock production, on the other hand, increasing livestock production concentration.

The Methodology for Developing an Innovation Based on Co-Creation and Co-Production

Aim. The presented study aims to improve the quality function deployment methodology in innovation development with allowance for the principles of the value co-creation methodology.Tasks. The authors analyze the essence of the value co-creation concept in innovation development, examine the quality function deployment (QFD) methodology as a basic tool for the development of competitive incremental innovations, and propose their own revised methodology that combines the elements of co-creation and co-production on the part of the consumer.Methods. The methodological basis of the study comprises the scientific concepts of economic theory and innovation theory. This study also uses such general scientific methods as systems and complex approach, economic and statistical analysis to substantiate theoretical assumptions and rationalize the conclusions.Results. The authors recommend using a digital double of the developed innovation (product or technology) during quality function deployment. The usefulness of the digital double is confirmed by an example from one of the authors’ practice. During the development of the so-called technical benchmarking rooms for an innovation, the authors propose calculating competitiveness based on a customer satisfaction index (CSI). The classical quality function deployment methodology makes it possible to assess the superiority/lag of the developed innovation compared with the existing prototypes along a number of parameters. Calculation of the CSI indicator makes it possible to assess the developed innovation in terms of its conformity with the customer’s ideal, and give an indication of its overall superiority/lag in comparison with the existing prototypes. The authors propose a modification of the organizational structure, which is supposed to be engaged in the development of a competitive innovation based on the value co-creation methodology. In addition to the roles of developer, financial analyst, and marketer, a representative of the customer (buyer of innovation) is introduced into the group. Representatives of suppliers with long-term contracts are planned to be involved in the group’s work. As a whole, this type of organizational structure results in a significant synergistic effect of cooperation within the “supplier — manufacturer/developer — end consumer” system.Conclusions. This study proposes a modification of the quality function deployment methodology with allowance for additional customer preferences as well as production and service functions that the customer is ready to take on.

Влияние цифровой экономики на развитие компетенций в области бухгалтерского учета

Professional competency transformation in the digital economy development process is inextricably linked with the future profession configuration. The situation is complicated by uncertain profession prospects due to conflicting forecasts and the lack of comprehensive system solutions in this area. The research objective is to analyze the accounting development prospects based on the general neoclassical structural concept and to outline the directions for competencies development in each area of accounting: theory, practice, and methodology. To study the accounting profession prospects in terms of relevant digital economy options, we used the epistemology and science philosophy methodology, the concepts of economic theory, and political economy provisions. The main result is the provision on the rising value of accounting competencies influenced by the widespread use of digital technologies. This conclusion is based on the following factors. Descriptive methodology is consolidated at the national and international levels, as a result of which the value of professional judgment increases. Digital technologies reduce routine work and stimulate the development of creative accounting activities. This entails growth in professional judgment competence, which extends to the entire neoclassical scientific organization triad. In the theoretical scope, digital technologies stimulate competencies in the form of developed knowledge, providing a holistic view of economic relation patterns, and explaining the methods, techniques and rules for accounting process implementation. In the practical field, digitization produces digital skills development. Exemption from the routine accounting practice leads to labor process restructuring and an increase in the intellectual component and value of mental abilities. In the methodology field, knowledge at the junction of fundamental theoretical accounting issues with a simultaneous confident understanding of the digital economy functioning (as a whole and across its individual elements) is supposed to be in demand. The proposed systematic approach removes uncertainty and opens up accounting prospects, makes it possible to outline the directions of relevant specialist training in the field of mental digital economy reflection, and contributes to enhancing the accounting profession’s prestige.

Unscripted economics in an industrial community

One third of US manufacturing jobs disappeared between 2001 and 2009 and the conventional explanations (low wages overseas, robots taking over) do not apply to the capital goods producers in Keene, New Hampshire, where the author teaches. Local firms compete with high wage counterparts and firms using robots hire people as well. De/reindustrialisation ascertains the cause(s) of industrial contraction – or success. Students visit plants in the local industrial base and conduct oral history interviews, analyse annual reports and apply specific concepts of economic theory. The course is interdisciplinary, involves undergraduate research and civic engagement and uses open education assignments. Unscripted learning has proved the great motivator, as students navigate their oral history interviews and the community presentation. The course succeeds in motivating students and it serves the community, conveys research skills and pushes the teacher to take economic theory in practical directions.

Structural Decomposition as the Method of Industry Priority Monitoring for Regional Development

The work is devoted to the study of economic activity types at the sectoral and regional levels in order to form the sectoral priorities of economic development as the strategic guidelines for sustainable economic growth and the investment attractiveness of the territories. The theoretical and the methodological basis of the study was the fundamental provisions and the concepts of economic theory, the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of socio-economic development of the region and regional economic systems, investment activities, strategic territorial and sectoral planning, periodicals, regulatory documents of the federal and regional levels, the modern methods of competitiveness and investment attractiveness evaluation. The study was carried out on the basis of information from the Federal State Statistics Service (ROSSTAT), the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstanstat), as well as on the basis of analytical information from the Center for Advanced Economic Research of the Academy of Sciences of RT. The methodological approach is a multi-level study consisting of a structural and dynamic analysis of economic activity types, the assessment of localization level and a structural decomposition of key indicator dynamics. The presented methodology allowed to carry out a comprehensive monitoring and the diagnostics of economic activity types, to determine the competitive positions of the Republic of Tatarstan for each type of activity and identify industry priorities that ensure the region investment attractiveness increase.

USEFUL (CONSUMER-VALUE) CONCEPT ECONOMIC THEORY AND ITS USE IN STROWNINGS FOR EVALUATING EFFICIENCE OF NEW TECHNICS

The article is sanctified to the further development of the utility (use-value) concept of economic theory by its spread to a new subject-object area – the construction industry. A technique for calculating the utility economic effect and the utility economic efficiency of construction equipment using hydrocarbon fuels and electric energy is proposed. Results over of approbation of this methodology are brought as it applies to the certain standards of building technique. It is shown that this methodology allows to estimate (to compare) effectiveness of the use of building technique from the point of view of basic economic destiny of every technique to save labour of man.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF FINANCIAL CRISES: EXPLAINING THE PANIC OF 1873

This article demonstrates the value of a joint application of the theory and history of financial crises of 1873. It weaves together concepts of financial and banking panic theory with a narrative explanation of the causes and triggers of the Panic of 1873. Basic concepts of economic theory, it suggests, can act as both a framework and a starting point to the historical interpretation of a financial panic.Employing such theory, however, ultimately reinforces the need for contextual cultural explanations of financial panics. A theoretically grounded view of the cultural history of capitalism—and its sudden crises—can help explain why and how some structures of exchange systematized and conditioned human confidence within specific historical contexts.Drawing together theoretical models of banking panic and historical evidence, this article thus emphasizes the importance of Gilded Age money-making culture for understanding the impact of Philadelphia financier Jay Cooke upon the causes of the Panic of 1873. Cooke's sudden and unexpected bankruptcy caused the deconstruction of confidence on the stock exchange and throughout the country. The cultural idiosyncrasy of Cooke's outstanding position in all matters of American finance multiplied the asymmetry that occurred in the wake of a major information shock.

On the Forms of Utility Functions

Utility function is the most important concept in economic theory. In academic literature, utility functions can take various forms. We prove that under a very general condition, utility function is the logarithmic function.

MONITORING OF THE ACTIVITY OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT SYSTEM IN COUNTRIES OF EUROPEAN UNION AND UKRAINE

The research objective is to study and summarize the experience of the European Union countries in the field of public procurement monitoring; to study the activities that form its mechanism; to analyse forms of monitoring. Also, the current state, problems and prospects of creation and implementation of the mechanism for public procurement monitoring in Ukraine are studied; administrative and corruption risks are revealed. Methodology. Theoretical and methodological backgrounds of the research are formed on the basis of the provisions, categories, and concepts of economic theory, national and world economy, strategic development of public procurement, modelling. Laws and regulations that are regulators of the public procurement system and its monitoring, the works of domestic and foreign scientists on investigated issues were of greater importance. The system-structural analysis and synthesis, general scientific methods and methods of economic research are used to analyse and evaluate the phenomena and processes that accompany the functioning of the public procurement market and the mechanism for its monitoring. In particular, historical and dialectical methods (when studying the development of public procurement system in Western countries, the definition of stages and trends in its formation, the development and adoption of treaties for the regulation of public procurement within the European Union); method of expert assessments (for assessing the regulatory and legal support for public procurement monitoring); abstractlogical method (when establishing the factors for the formation of a monitoring mechanism in the field of public procurement in Ukraine, in particular, the institutional and organizational-economic features of its implementation, when assessing the criteria and performance indicators for the functioning of the monitoring system and its impact on the public procurement market, for theoretical generalization and conclusions formation). Results. The results of the research showed that the system of public procurement in the member countries of the European Union and its monitoring processes are still in the process of reforming, despite being the most organized, open, and predictable in the world. At the same time in Ukraine, the process of developing and implementing a mechanism for monitoring public procurement is only a few years old. At the same time, the development of the field of public procurement and the mechanism for its monitoring is accelerating, which is conditioned both by the position of civil society and by the presence of significant corruption risks. Practical implications. The study of the experience of the public procurement monitoring system in the EU countries makes it possible to use the result (in the form of conclusions and generalizations) to adapt foreign monitoring instruments to the domestic realities of the public procurement market in order to achieve maximum effect in the form of budgetary savings. Value/originality. Harmonization of the organizational and economic mechanism for public procurement and its monitoring in the countries of the European Union and Ukraine will provide a mutual opportunity for both foreign and domestic economic entities to become full participants in the public procurement markets; will make procurement, conducted in Ukraine, clear and accessible to foreign participants.

The Development of the Public-Private Partnership Concept in Economic Theory

The paper is aimed at the historical research of the approaches to identify the concept of public-private partnership and support its necessity in various conditions and countries by representatives of different scientific economic schools. Using methods of analyzing and interpreting of historical conditions and evidences as well as original scientific papers, the key stages of public-private partnership concept historical development were discovered and described.

Angeeignete Konzepte

The article shows the genetic but so far rarely researched correlations between concepts of economic theory and the formation of the Neuere Deutsche Literaturwissenschaft at the end of the 19th century. Taking a look at Wilhelm Scherers Poetik, which was posthumously published in 1888, the impact of terms, notions, concepts and methodology of contemporary Nationalökonomie with regard to the development of new ideas of literary aesthetics and theory becomes uncovered.

Schumpeterian aspects of growth and its correlative classical and neoclassical approaches

Economic growth is a central concept in economic theory. Modern societies regard growth as an important determinant for rising standards of living. These effects can be observed not only in more goods and services but also in brand new products and processes. Investment in human capital is regarded as the very source of long-term, sustainable economic growth. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief description of economic growth, how to approach its measurement, and to provide a brief review of the Schumpeterian thought and the main schools that have undertaken its analysis.

Teen Childbearing and Economics: A Short History of a 25-Year Research Love Affair

Despite its apparent distance from the core topics of economics, economists have been attracted to, and deeply engaged in, research about teen fertility for more than a quarter century. Research has focused on two broad, interrelated issues: the socio-economic consequences of a teen birth and the socio-economic causes of a teen birth. In researching these issues, economists have drawn on and extended basic concepts in economic theory and in applied statistical research. I review those literatures for a non-economist audience and conclude that the research love affair has substantially benefited both parties, although definitive answers to causes and consequences are still elusive.