Concept Of Bureaucracy Research Articles

A burocracia na sociologia da dominação de Max Weber: contribuições à pesquisa educacional

Dentre a diversidade de temas abordados pelo sociólogo alemão Max Weber (1864-1920) no livro Economia e sociedade: fundamentos da sociologia compreensiva, encontramos a sistematização de estudos sobre a “Sociologia da Dominação”. Com base nesses estudos, delineamos nesse artigo os fundamentos, as particularidades e as implicações da burocracia na esfera administrativa, enquanto tipo ideal, na Sociologia da Dominação de Max Weber, com a finalidade de explicitar as contribuições desse conceito à pesquisa educacional. Para isso, primeiramente, realizamos uma incursão teórica ao contexto histórico e teórico-metodológico da Sociologia da Dominação de Weber para apreender o conceito de burocracia. Num segundo momento, problematizamos as formulações de Weber sobre a burocracia, a fim de explicitar as características da administração burocrática. Posteriormente, indicamos as possíveis contribuições teórico-metodológicas do conceito de burocracia à pesquisa educacional. Por fim, a título conclusivo do artigo, salientamos a importância da apropriação da teoria social crítica de Max Weber para a análise de temas atuais da educação brasileira.

"To Live" with Bureaucracy and Looking at Bureaucracy from the "Castle"

The main purpose of this study is to reveal different aspects of the bureaucracy by addressing the emergence of the concept of bureaucracy, its development, its position and transformation in different social structures analyzing the movie "Ikiru (to live)" directed by Akira Kurosawa and "Das Schloss (the Castle)" by Franz Kafka. In line with this purpose, firstly, the definition and origin of the concept of “bureaucracy” is introduced and theories of bureaucracy are mentioned. In this study, the phenomenon of “bureaucracy”, which has undergone development and transformation within the context of historicity, has been examined over the concrete image in the fields like the functioning of the bureaucratic form of administration, decision-making process, division of labor, authority, hierarchy, delegation of authority, etc. The analysis is also important in terms of understanding the reasons for the structure, which was formed during the periods when the seeds of the development in question were thrown and the transformation took place, through the movie "Ikiru" and the novel "Castle".

A bürokratikus szervezetek információs infrastruktúrájának digitalizálása

A tanulmány célja, hogy megpróbálja összefoglalni, hogy a kutatás keretében milyen megállapításokat tettünk a bürokratikus (közigazgatási) szervezetek elméleti alapja és infrastrukturális fejlődése kapcsán. Az elmúlt időszakban a közigazgatás modernizációja lendületet vett, ezért úgy véljük, hogy érdemes figyelmet fordítani arra, honnan indult az ügyintézés kialakított rendje, és hol tart ma a digitális közigazgatás fejlesztési lehetőségei terén. Jelen összegző tanulmányban nem a teljes digitalizációs folyamatot fogjuk vizsgálni, hanem csupán a bürokrácia alapfogalmait és a bürokratikus szervezetek back office folyamatait támogató, a közigazgatás alap infrastruktúrájának fejlődési állomásait, kitérve az önkormányzati vetületekre is.

PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC SERVICE OF RUSSIAN OFFICIALS

The problem of motivation of public service in the civil service, affecting the efficiency and professional level of personnel, is relevant. The research is aimed at studying the problem of motivation of public service in the Russian civil service. The methodological base includes the concept of bureaucracy by M. Weber, the concept of motivation of public service by J. Perry and L. Wise, as well as the publications of leading Russian and foreign scientists in this field. When analysing the data, the methods of system analysis and General scientific methods were used. Scientists and practitioners give ambiguous estimates of the role of motivation of public service in the structure of motivation of officials. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to answer the question: whether the motivation of public service has a significant impact on the motivation of officials to perform public civil service. The analysis of motivational preferences has showed that the motivation of public service is not perceived by the majority of civil servants as the leading motivation of service. The reasons for the lack of motivation of public service among Russian officials have been examined in the paper. According to the results of the study, measures aimed at increasing the motivation of public service of civil servants have been proposed.

The Crisis of Managerial Information Flows in Education: Theoretical Aspects and Social Realities

The article considers theoretical aspects for the study and understanding of contemporary educational policies with the application of the concepts of bureaucracy. It also presents the results of an interregional study of information flows in the Russian education system. The redundancy, intensity and formalization of these flows constitute one of the painful aspects of work in this sphere, along with unfairly low wages. The article analyzes the materials of extensive sample surveys and the timing of the loads of the main job groups in the education system, data on document flow in institutions of various types and levels, and expert assessments in the three regions of the country. The amount and structure of information flows and paper work lead to institutional dysfunctions, they serve as a means for administrative pressure and imitation of manageability in education system. The article considers their impact on the social and professional well-being of educators. The author concludes that the main source of paper pressure and paper genocide in the education system is a management strategy that ignores the public mission of education and its multifaceted social effectiveness. This strategy expresses distrust of educators, contains ignorance towards public-state governance and has become a dead end for the Russian education system, a major obstacle to maintaining its potential, development and progress in view of growing global competition.

Critique of the Theory and Practice of Bureaucracy

The article examines the critical views on the bureaucracy of political philosophers and experts in thefield of public administration, from the end of the eighteenth century to the present day. The emphasis is onthe fact that phenomenon and concept of bureaucracy is one of the most discussed and analyzed within thescience of public administration. Despite the historical stability and evolution of the theoretical foundationsof bureaucracy, the latter is increasingly criticized by researchers. The analysis of critical sources ofbureaucracy as a scientific model and the practical organization of a public administration confirms the ideaof the non-relevance of bureaucratic management mechanisms in the context of modern, dynamic socialtransformations.The goal of the paper is to comprehensively analyze critical assessments of the bureaucracy at the levelof theory and practice, to systematize the dysfunctional characteristics of the bureaucracy as a form ofadministration.The analysis of the papers of such scholars as Ch. Barnard, Ch. Goodsell, R. Hummel, R. Merton, M.Meyer, etc. shows that the disadvantages of the bureaucratic model of public administration include itsmechanistic character, absoluteness of rationality, antihumanism, and formalization of procedures. Today,most scholars recognize the need to establish a post-bureaucratic (postmodern) model that recognizes theprimacy of a person (citizen) over the state apparatus, the need for his / her active involvement in publicpolicy, efficiency and effectiveness as the main criteria for the quality of public administration activities, etc.Another form of critique of bureaucratic practice is the researches of gender scholars. These criticalremarks, above all, are due to the rejection of the rationalist-modern form of organization, as a definitelymale center.

The Concept of Bureaucracy by Max Weber

Bureaucracy is a widely disseminated concept in Sociology and in Organisational Theory studies, and it currently has an image where negative aspects are often highlighted. However, for Max Weber, bureaucracy has very specific features that differ, in varied situations, from the representation and application often ascribed to this model of organisational administration. This review aims at contributing to putting forward the concept of bureaucracy as initially proposed by Max Weber, discussing it in its potentialities.

From Weberian Bureaucracy to Networking Bureaucracy

Max Weber viewed organizational bureaucracy as one of the inevitable premises for genesis of capitalism, and his concept of bureaucracy has been the authoritative instrument in the analysis of organizations for many years. The Fordist Modern social organization cannot be imagined without bureaucratic organization. Up to recent times, bureau-cratic organization, existing as a general pattern of organizing social life, seemed to prove to be the ultimate efficiency as a means of organizing governmental bodies as well as big corporations. Today, Weberian bureaucracy as theory and practice come under criticism as rigid, obsolete, and ineffective. Under the conditions of late capitalism, modern or-ganization is claimed to be more flexible and more adaptive to changes. It is my belief that the phenomenon of bureau-cracy cannot be analyzed in isolation from other theories of social order. With its strict rules and regulations, Weberian bureaucracy is the embodiment of Foucauldian disciplinary power at the organizational level. Foucault’s diagrams expressing power through systematic relations between humans, objects, and spaces could be the perfect study of bu-reaucracy. Bureaucracy changes with the transition from disciplinary power relations to postmodern power relations. The traditional disciplinary instruments (rules, codes, and regulations) give space for more flexible and even (at first sight) democratic inter-organizational relations. However, this supposed freed without freedom has its priceк. Deregu-lation paradoxically leads to even more regulation, which now appears as self-control and self-surveillance. Being microscopic (mostly due to novel technological opportunities) and de-regulative at the same time, this new networking bureaucracy restructures power relations in organizations in a way that produces behavior leading to atomization and individualization without a freedom.

Bureaucracy: Max Weber’s Concept and Its Application to Pakistan

To investigate Max Weber’s concept of bureaucracy and its relevance to Pakistan’s civil service, this study explains the system of governance followed in different nations, its function, and bureaucratic formulations in the well-managed and administered state. The paper analyzes reasons for the poor performance of Pakistani public service provision. International development doctrines pertaining to governance are based on accountable to the governments and effective bureaucracy. This study explores the formation of the Pakistani state and civil service and its role in the implementation of government policies. Irrespective of the system of governance followed across different nations, the presence, and functioning of a bureaucratic set-up is crucial to manage and administer the state. However, in Pakistan there has been an egregious failure of the bureaucratic set-up to achieve this vision. This study explores the reasons why based on Weberian sociological theory affirming that the main characteristic of bureaucracy is espirit de corps, doing things for the good of the institution (i.e., civil service) even if goes against the public interest. This study analyzes such orientation in the context of a major developing state, Pakistan. The essential principal function of bureaucracy is to honestly and sincerely implement the government policies on behalf of the people. The government provides representation of the national interest, mainly when democratically elected, while the bureaucracy provides skills and know-how; the latter is liable to the former, but often not directly to the public. Thus, bureaucrats are usually known as “civil servants”, who provide continuity in governance and daily life, despite the vagaries of changes in government. This is a qualitative research entirely based on literature survey from library data collected from books and articles.

KONSEP ORWELISASI DAN PARKINSONISASI DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN PUBLIK

This article discusses the importance of the role of the right government system within a country. One of the determinants of the good governance system is based on the accuracy in the selection of government bureaucracy system. Therefore, to provide a more detailed understanding, this article will discuss about the bureaucratic system. This review will examine two bureaucratic systems currently dominantly applied by most countries in the world, namely Orwell Bureaucracy (Orwellization) and Parkinson's Bureaucracy (Parkinsonization). This article is divided into four studies, first on the backgrounds of Orwell and Parkinson, the two studies on the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization framework, the three analyzing the application of both concepts within a country, and the fourth is criticism given by experts to the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization. In this study it is found that the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization is still relevant in studying the problems of bureaucratic systems in some countries, the concept of Orwellisasi can create a strong state but weaken the issue of Human Rights (HAM), while the concept of Parkinsonization contributed considerably in the development effort but weaken the system of recruitment of public officials. However, there are some experts who give criticism to the concept of ureaucracy Orwellisasi and Parkinsonisasi this, this is not apart from weakness owned by each bureaucracy concept. Keywords: bureaucracy, Orwellisasi, dan Parkinsonisasi

Ángel Anguiano impulsor de la biblioteca especializada del Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Tacubaya

This work focuses on the actions carried out by the director of the specialized library of the National Astronomical Observatory of Chapultepec (later in Tacubaya), the civil engineer Ángel Anguiano during the last third of the 19th century, coinciding with the first Porfirian epoch. Based on the detailed review of the primary archival sources that combined the historical and sociological approach, we find that according to the Weberian concept of bureaucracy, a scientific administration was applied in the library with an emphasis on strict rules, which all related to her had to carry out; from this place, promoted the new astronomical observatory and through modern standardized protocols, acquired and select national and international collection of works specialized in practical and theoretical astronomy. The result of this strategy, allowed the users to be updated, to exchange knowledge and to be part of the knowledge society related to astronomy that has lasted until today.

Carbon copy

PurposeBy juxtaposing fatal colliery explosions in early twentieth-century Britain and in 2010 at Pike River, New Zealand, this paper aims to investigate the generalizability of the mock bureaucracy concept to underground coal mining disasters.Design/methodology/approachThe main source is published official accident inquiries; a methodological reflection justifies the use of these materials.FindingsMock bureaucracies existed in the British underground coal mining milieu from the time when safety rules were first formulated in that industry context. As for Pike River, it is an exemplary case. The development in 1970s Britain of a new approach to safety management (the Robens system), and its subsequent export to New Zealand, means that a contemporary coal mine under financial duress, such as Pike River, is a prime site for mock bureaucracy to flourish.Originality/valueAlthough the concept of mock bureaucracy has been applied to an explosion in an underground coal mine before, this is the first paper to explore the concept’s historical usage and generalizability in explaining the environing context of such explosions.

Non-profits and the ‘hollowed out’ state: the transformation of working conditions through personalizing social care services during an era of austerity

This article explores the impact of state reforms to increase customer authority in social care at a time of public sector austerity in Scotland. The article focuses on the implications of these reforms for state–non-profit relations and the latter’s employment policies. The study proposes a theoretical framework to explore these themes using insights from the ‘hollowing out’ thesis and the customer-orientated bureaucracy concept. Non-profits respond to increased customer authority from personalization and public expenditure cuts by adopting more competitive relations with each other. They also introduce contradictory ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ Human Resource Management (HRM) reforms. Workers face multiple demands to be more flexible and exhibit commitment to ‘fit’ with customer needs. Despite some increases in skills, the increasing influence of customer authority and efficiency savings mean employees experience multiple degradations in employment conditions affecting pay, job security, skills and work intensification.

A avaliação institucional como instrumento de racionalização e o retorno à escola como organização formal

Resumo O papel central da avaliação, da avaliação institucional e dos processos de garantia da qualidade de escolas e universidades nas políticas educacionais é objeto de discussão, também considerando a reforma do Estado. As teorias da nova gestão pública e as perspectivas gestionárias são consideradas como algumas das principais fontes de inspiração e de legitimação no contexto dominante de uma educação contábil. Dados empíricos preliminares resultantes do processo de avaliação externa de escolas básicas e secundárias portuguesas são apresentados e interpretados de acordo com os principais conceitos e representações organizacionais de escola presentes nos relatórios externos. Examinando algumas das imagens e dos significados de escola, cultura de escola, autonomia, objetivos, liderança e eficácia presentes nos relatórios de avaliação, o autor releva a importância das imagens formais, racionais e burocráticas de escolas. Várias questões de investigação são apresentadas tendo por base aquilo a que o autor chama o processo da hiperburocratização das organizações educativas. Algumas dimensões do conceito de burocracia de Max Weber são revisitadas, em articulação com perspectivas neocientíficas de garantia da qualidade e com as tecnologias da informação e comunicação. O autor sugere que maior relevância deve ser atribuída aos modelos formais e racionais de interpretação das organizações educativas, pois os processos de avaliação e de garantia da qualidade estão a contribuir para a formalização de escolas e universidades e para a intensificação do seu processo de racionalização, isto é, para a emergência de uma imagem analítica das escolas como hiperburocracias.

Leadership and Patient Satisfaction in a Tertiary Health Care System

Patient satisfaction is one of the best indicators for measuring the success of the services being provided in a health facility. This study investigates the leadership factors that influenced patient satisfaction in the tertiary health care facility of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. This hospital based cross sectional study was anchored on the social action theory, Talcott Parsons sick role model and concept of bureaucracy. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, 420 inpatients were randomly selected from five different units (Medical, Surgical, Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology and Emergency) of the hospital. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire and five in-depth interviews (IDIs). Quantitative data were analyzed at univariate and bivariate levels, using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test while qualitative data were content analyzed. Findings revealed that there were good knowledge and level of awareness of the services available. Majority of the patients claimed that they were satisfied and rated the satisfaction experiences as moderate satisfaction with the health care services of the professional doctors and nurses in the hospital. Education (p<0.020) and income (p<0.032) were found to be significant socio-economic factors influencing patient’s satisfaction. Answers doctors provided to patients’ questions and prescribed drug administration by nurses to the in-patients were derivable from the leadership factors and thus influenced patient’s satisfaction with the health care services. Results on answers doctors provided to patients’ question (p<0.001) and prescribed drug administration by nurses to the in-patients (p<0.0073) were significant leadership factors. Similarly, from the qualitative data, doctor’s communication and interaction greatly influenced patient’s satisfaction with leadership ethos of health care providers. Management should organize stakeholder’s forum comprising of doctors and nurses’ leaders from among the health care providers and in-patients with common health conditions where subjective needs assessment of patients could be discussed within the hospital.

La construcción de lo Público y la visión poética de la Democracia en Brasil: un análisis de A Flor e a Náusea

In the world at large, the Second World War was taking place. In Brazil, there was the Vargas dictatorship. Driven by this situation, Carlos Drummond de Andrade published in 1945 A rosa e o povo, the greatest of all his books, containing 55 poems. This work clearly has to do with social realism. As a counterpoint to Drummond's poetry, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda tries, with the work Raízes do Brasil, published in 1936, to predict our future through the analysis of our past. The work is an analysis of Brazilian society and the emergence of our economic and political structures, an innovative analysis that designed the concepts of bureaucracy and ‘patrimonialism’ in our culture. Sergio sought the roots of the problems we currently face in the colonial period. He described the Brazilian as a "cordial man", i.e., acting by feeling, preferring personal relationships to the fulfillment of objective laws. The “culture of personality” addressed by Sergio is a looseness of social ties that gives rise to forms of solidarity and orderly organization. For Buarque, the Brazilian colonization was promoted by the Portuguese adventurer culture that rejects stability and planning and supports the practice of idleness. Thus, based on the texts by Drummond and Buarque we examine Brazilian society from a political and moral point of view, confronting its historic features with the present day.

Dimensions of Structure and Development in Jordan

Concept of bureaucracy, as defined by Max Weber, has been criticized by various scholars. However it still has relevance in civil services of developing countries. In this study, the researcher found that out of 149 civil servants 144 thought that their organization is bureaucratic in nature, the data analysis clearly demonstrate that the level of bureaucracy, whether it is low or high is positively related to the dimensions of development administration. The researcher also found that Jordanian civil Service is variables to the social and economic development; stepwise multiple regression analysis has amply demonstrated that Jordanian bureaucracy is actively involved in the social and economic development of Jordan.

Performance Measurement at Universities: Studying Function and Effect of Student Evaluations of Teaching

<p>This paper proposes empirical approaches to testing the reliability, validity, and organizational effectiveness of student evaluations of teaching (SET) as a performance measurement instrument in knowledge management at the institutional level of universities. Departing from Weber’s concept of bureaucracy and critical responses to this concept, we discuss how contemporary SET are used as an instrument of organizational control at Danish universities. A discussion of the current state of performance measurement within the frame of new public management (NPM) and its impact on knowledge creation and legitimation forms the basis for proposing four steps of investigation. The suggested mixed-methods approach comprises the following: first, thematic analysis can serve as a tool to evaluate the legitimacy discourse as initiated by official SET affirmative documents by government, university, and students. Second, constructs for the SET questionnaire can be developed and compared to existing SET questionnaires in terms of reliability and validity. Third, data from SET can be used to corroborate the relationship between the qualitative (comments) and quantitative (scaled questionnaire) sections. Fourth, it can be investigated if SET actually contribute to teaching improvement by examining how the instrument is integrated into systematic ex-ante and ex-post organizational management. It is expected to find discrepancy between the proponents’ intent to evaluate teaching and the way the performance measurement instrument is implemented. </p>

New Organizational Forms of Contemporary Public Management: A Brief Analysis of Recent Experience of Mozambique

This theoretical essay is dedicated to present the constituent elements and characteristics of bureaucracy as a form of organization of public administration. In a second step discusses the criticism of the ideal typical bureaucratic dysfunctions related from the perspective that defends its lack of flexibility and efficiency in the process of functioning of organizations. We discuss also the contemporary current that underlie the new forms of administration, New Public Management and Interactive Governance and exposes some experiments related to the adoption of these new standards of public management in the context of the Mozambican public administration. Their preparation was based on the literature on the concepts of bureaucracy, the new public management approaches and experiences of the management of the Mozambican context. Concludes the existence of changes in the model and patterns of public management in the country, especially with the implementation of the public administration reform (2001-2011).

Analisa Perbandingan Model Birokrasi Indonesia: Model Modern David Osborne, Ted Gaebler, dan Pendekatan Konsep Islam Perspektif Umer Chapra

The inefficiency of public service in Indonesia is one of the results of badbureaucracy, so that the development system becomes stagnant. On the contrary, sustainabledevelopment is a reflection of a good bureaucracy. So far Indonesia is still ranked 100th out of182 countries in the world for corruption. This paper aims to find out the bureaucratic model inIndonesia within the framework of modern bureaucratic model as well as Islamic Conceptapproach of Chapra’s perspectives. Using content analysis, the paper found that Indonesianbureaucracy model still embrace patrimonial concept that vulnerable to the practice ofcollusion, corruption and nepotism. While the modern model of Osborne and GaeblerEntrepreneurial Bureaucracy concept with the spirit of innovation and creativity has brought agood change and it is in line with Islamic model of Chapra’sperspective. Chapradescribes thatthe development of a country should be run simultaneously with the bureaucracy that promotesIslamic values, moral, and hard work. It is concluded that by applying this concept,bureaucracy in Indonesia will be more effective in removing socio-economic problem and willcome up with more efficient and sustainable development dimensions.