Concept Of Audit Research Articles

Blockchain-based integrity auditing for shared data in cloud storage with file prediction

With the increasing publicity of information, more and more users are willing to share their data with others. Therefore, in cloud storage services, the security of shared data has begun to attract attention. Most of the current integrity auditing schemes cannot balance data sharing and audit security well. In view of this, we propose an audit scheme based on blockchain and file prediction in the shared environment. On the one hand, a lightweight signature algorithm is designed to realize the revocation of group members without source data transmission, which greatly avoids the communication overhead between the user and the cloud. On the other hand, we introduce blockchain technology into auditing and use smart contracts to verify the integrity of cloud data, making the system more secure, tamper-resistant, and traceable. Finally, in order to ensure that a file is audited only when necessary, we propose the concept of valid auditing and predict the frequently accessed or likely accessed files in the sharing group, which greatly improves the valid auditing rate and saves system computing resources. The security analysis proves that our method is safe and reliable. The performance evaluation and experimental comparison prove that our scheme has high efficiency.

The importance of independent audit and ethics in prevention of risk in businesses

Purpose- Regarding risks that express the possibility of loss of financial, physical, human and intellectual resources of businesses, not only due to their effects on the existence of the relevant businesses; At the same time, due to its devastating effects extending to international economies, it has become necessary to make institutional and legal regulations at national and international levels. Since the focus of the regulations is on "independent auditing and ethical rules", examining this issue constitutes the purpose of the study. Methodology- The method of the study is to consider the audit institutions and concepts developed for the prevention of risk in the historical development process, to reveal the importance of independent auditing and ethical principles in terms of stakeholders and the social environment, and to evaluate the subject in a whole, based on the literature. Findings- In preventing risks; It has been determined that audit activities are carried out under three headings: public audit, internal audit and independent audit. In independent auditing, which provides assurance regarding the reliability of financial data and statements, ethical principles are a prerequisite for ensuring the public interest. When we look at the historical roots of the concept of independent auditing and ethical principles; The emergence of financial reporting and auditing scandals behind the sudden bankruptcies of international companies such as Enron, World Com, Xerox, Lucent in the USA and Parmalat in the EU has shaken the trust in capital markets, company management, financial reports, independent audit companies and auditors. The need to re-establish public confidence in the markets and to introduce regulations regarding the transparency, honesty and financial information disclosure responsibility of public companies necessitated institutional structuring and regulations. In this context, the Treadway commission, established in 1985 in the USA, prepared the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002, and based on this law, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was established to monitor the accounting sector in order to protect the interests of public company investors. International Supreme Audit Institutions have published the Code of Ethics Standard (ISSAI 30). In parallel, the Public Oversight Institution (KGK) and Capital Markets Board (SPK) in Turkey published the "Corporate Governance Principles". Conclusion- In order to prevent risks, independent auditing based on ethical principles, on the one hand, ensures the protection of stakeholders and public interest; On the other hand, it will contribute to the successful continuation of the activities of the related enterprises. The trust and transparency to be provided in the investment environment will be the guarantee of the development of national and international economies in general and the increase of social welfare and the dynamic of development. Keywords: : Risk, audit, ethics JEL Codes: M12, G10

Corporate citizen internal audit model: evidence from environmental functions Iran

PurposeIn recent years, Corporate Citizenship has continued to grow in importance and significance. It has been the subject of considerable debate and commentary among researchers, corporate leaders and public institutions like NGOs and even capital market companies. The development of this concept in internal audit functions can improve the level of responsibility of companies. The purpose of this study is to design an internal audit model of a corporate citizen in Iranian capital market companies.Design/methodology/approachThis research is methodologically in the category of developmental and combined research. In this study, two meta-synthesis and Delphi analyzes in the qualitative part and systematic representation analysis were used to determine the systematic relationships of the Internal Audit Corporate Citizen Components to strengthen environmental sustainability. Because of the mix of the data collection method in both qualitative and quantitative parts, the research participants in the qualitative part were 13 university experts in the field of accounting and 19 internal auditors of Iranian capital market companies who had specialized experience participated in the quantitative part.FindingsThe results in the qualitative section indicate the existence of 14 confirmed studies and the determination of 8 main components of the internal audit of the corporate citizen, during two stages of Delphi analysis, the level of reliability of the components was confirmed with the concept of internal audit of the corporate citizen. Based on the results of system representation model in quantitative part, it was determined that Environmental training to human resources is the primary stimulus for the system’s internal audit system representation to monitor the financial performance of the company to achieve environmental sustainability.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to exemplify environmental sustainability by focusing on the concept of corporate citizen internal auditing. An area that, although of research importance in terms of developing theoretical literature and practical basis in reducing the financial reporting gap with an independent auditor, However, less research has been done on this issue and conducting this research and expanding it to the level of internal auditing profession can enhance the institutional and educational capacities on it at the international level and help to integrate the development of theoretical literature.

Training audit: establishing excellence in the company's training process: Bank Societe Generale Group

Training allows employees to better integrate into the workforce, maintain their employment and develop their skills. The systems put in place aim to ensure the employability of the employee, his or her ability to keep or obtain a job. The employee has a right to training. Training plays an important role in the development of human resource skills in any organization. In fact, this lever, which must necessarily affect all aspects in a company and all its functions, must be generalized to all employees, regardless of their level of knowledge or position in the hierarchy. Training is a tool that allows the company to effectively confront an increasingly unpredictable and restrictive environment. The importance of training systems in organizations is such that decision makers regularly commission audits of their companies' training systems to identify strengths and weaknesses and suggest necessary adjustments. This presentation is an opportunity to demonstrate the concept of a training audit and to present a synthesis of examples of how this approach has been applied in the Societe Generale Group as a measure of excellence in the training process.

METHODOLOGY OF AUDITING INSURANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Based on the characteristics of insurance organizations, this article considers the processes of organizing accounting and, as a result, organizing audits. Also, the article describes the procedure of accounting of insurance organizations, analysis processes, comprehensive assessment of insurance organization's activities, the concept of insurance audit according to international practice. In addition to the above, the article provides a comparative opinion of scholars on financial reporting. Organization of audits in insurance organizations, application of analytical procedures for generalization of audit results, and results of effective audits were discussed. In addition, the article provides important conclusions and practical recommendations on the methodology of auditing insurance organizations, thereby revealing the essence of the scientific article

СОЛИҚ ТЕКШИРУВЛАРИ: АУДИТСАМАРАДОРЛИГИТАҲЛИЛИ

In the article, the types of tax audits such as camera tax audit, field tax inspection and tax audit are already being used in practice in our country today, and they are being carried out today depending on the state of fulfillment of tax obligations by the taxpayer. But due to the lack of research on the concepts of tax audit and audit effectiveness, it is increasing the need to study it as a new direction. In this article, the foreign experience of the impact of audit efficiency on the activities of taxpayers was studied, the state of tax audits in our country was analyzed over the years, the importance of audit efficiency was revealed, and conclusions were drawn within the topic

Implementation model of data analytics as a tool for improving internal audit processes.

The aim of this article is to understand the importance of internal audit departments todays-part of corporate governance and guardian of the organisation's culture and climate-, as well as the opportunities that new technologies offer to increase their effectiveness and efficiency. To this end, based on an exhaustive review of the literature, the concepts of internal audit and data analytics are related, and a framework is proposed for the implementation of a technology of these characteristics in an internal audit department. The results of the research show that those companies that invest resources in readapting their processes to technological change are likely to obtain better results than those organisations that keep their management procedures obsolete. Based on these results, it is concluded that there is a need to consider technological change in internal audit departments, specifically data analytics, to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of audit processes.

Clinical Audit in Dentistry: Saudi Arabian Perspective

Clinical Audit (CA) is considered as one of the great tools of quality improvement in health care practice worldwide. Despite the fact that clinical audit concept has been implemented in several countries of the world, in Saudi Arabian context it is still not a well-performed practice. As such, many health professionals of Saudi Arabia including dental practitioners are still not aware of this concept though improving the quality of preventive and therapeutic health care services is one of the targets that has been set out by the National Transformation Program (NTP) based on 2030 vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Hence, to improve the awareness, as well as, the knowledge of the positive implications and benefits of CA in practice, it is essential for dental professionals and other health practitioners to perceive the methodology of CA. In order to develop the quality of care and enhance evidence-based practice, activation of CA is of great importance. Hence, a clear view on the different stages in the implementation process of CA has been attempted to explain in this paper. Also, several study reports on the clinical audit in various dental specialities has been put forward in this review that may play an inspirational role for dental practitioners in grasping this procedure in providing a perfect dental health care.

Empirical evaluation of continuous auditing system use: a systematic review

<span lang="EN-US">For more than two decades, the concept of continuous auditing (CA) has been introduced and many large firms had taken the initiatives to apply the CA system in supporting their audit functions. Despite the benefits that the CA system is offers, it is still not widely use and the number of people using the CA system is still considered low. This research focuses on the published papers on the use of CA system within the context of auditing system addressing the quality of system implementation. This paper analyzed primary studies collected using the pre-determined search strings on nine online databases. As a result, a total of 60 articles were carefully selected to undergo further analysis based on empirical evidence of CA system use. The articles were analyzed qualitatively using ATLAS.ti 7 and the elements for the CA system use are extracted from the selected papers. A total of four elements were identified contributing to the use of CA in practice. Those elements are the participant quality, system quality, information quality and products and services quality. This study answers five research objectives to understand the current studies on CA and to determine future research works on CA.</span>

Theoretical Estimation of Disinfectant Mass Balance Components in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

The water quality audit concept is an important feature in assessing the loss of disinfectant mass in drinking water distribution systems. Based on this concept, the loss can be divided into the loss of disinfectant mass through water losses (Ml) and the decay of disinfectant mass due to chemical reactions (Mr). When an audit focuses on the effect of water losses on the loss of disinfectant mass, the decay of disinfectant mass by chemical reactions with the ideal condition of no water losses (Mro) has to be estimated; thus, the disinfectant mass associated with water losses (MWL=Ml+Mr−Mro) can be assessed. Generally, the computation of these components (Ml, Mr, and MWL) needs hydraulic and water quality modeling. In this study, we propose a novel method based on a simple theoretical analysis to evaluate these components using only two parameters: the ratio of water losses (p) and the ratio of disinfectant concentrations at the critical pressure point and the network inlet (Cp*). The coefficients of our theoretical Ml, Mr, and MWL were estimated using 20 real network models, with p between 2.8% and 54.9% and Cp* between 18.4% and 91.9%. The results showed that our equations were effective at assessing the loss of disinfectant mass in drinking water distribution networks for the top-down auditing approach.

The concept, approach and benefits of energy auditing and its impact on the environment

The electricity industry plays an irreplaceable role in the rise of the economic potential and development of every country around the world. The international community of industry, research institutions and global businesses focuses more on green finance; it rises its interest in environmental protection, climate change and strategies for sustainable development. A worldwide sudden increase in electricity consumption could occur due to the commitment to decarbonize economies. The implementation of an energy audit and its control elements in energy management is of great benefit to the organization and leads to the rational use of energy resources and improvement of energy efficiency. In addition, it can also promote the continuous sustainable development of the economy and society. Therefore, it seems reasonable for the electric power industry to incorporate the principles of sustainable development into its strategy and operations. This study aims to evaluate the energy audit and its impact on the environment in the context of reviewing current and potential problems and prospects. It will also describe the role of renewable energy in the sustainable development of the electricity sector. Furthermore, it identifies the main factors of sustainable development for the electricity sector.

Risk - based internal audit concept development in agro - industrial economy sector

Justification. In modern realities, in conditions of political and economic instability, the number of risks faced by an organization is quite large. Based on this, the management of enterprises in the agro-industrial sector of the economy should conduct internal control in such a way as to identify and eliminate any risks in a timely manner. Thus, risk-oriented internal control of organizations in the agro-industrial sector of the economy is aimed at focusing on areas that are more susceptible to the risks of significant distortion of financial statements than others. Goal. Formation of a risk-oriented approach to the internal audit of organizations of the agro-industrial sector of the economy. Materials and methods. Consideration of the regulatory framework that regulates the standards of audit procedures, in particular in the context of internal audit procedures. Results. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the traditional audit, which does not pay special attention to corporate governance, financing and risk management of the enterprise, and the audit focusing on the risks faced by the organization. Next, the stages and procedures that need to be carried out during the implementation of the control in question are considered. The authors also consider the contribution (in terms of advantages) of risk-based internal audit to the activities of the organization of the agro-industrial sector of the economy. Taking into account the constant digitalization of many aspects of the activities of various companies, the impact of this informatization on internal audit was also studied and the main risks and ways to combat them were identified. Conclusion. The mechanisms of a risk-oriented approach to the internal audit of organizations of the agro-industrial sector of the economy have been identified and formed.

Аудит інтегрованої звітності корпоративних підприємств

Introduction. The lack of uniform approaches to the audit of integrated corporate reporting reduces its credibility, which negatively affects the quality of making relevant management decisions by all stakeholders. Problem Statement. To date, there are no mandatory legal requirements for audit of integrated corporate reporting by independent auditors in Ukraine, and therefore the organizational support for the audit of such reporting has not been developed. This actualizes the need to substantiate and develop the concept of audit of integrated corporate reporting. Purpose. The formation of conceptual approaches to the implementation of independent confirmation (audit) activities of integrated reporting, and the substantiation of the regulatory and legal basis for such activities. Methods. During the research, the following methods were used: theoretical generalization and grouping, systematization, modeling, logical generalization. Results. The concept of audit of integrated reporting has been formed, which consists in the practical implementation of the following stages: a) legislative regulation of independent audit of integrated reporting as one of the types of audit services; b) modernization of reporting audit methodology through the expansion of the subject, audit objects and methods of checking indicators of integrated reporting; c) preservation of uniform principles of assessment and information disclosure when differentiating requirements for indicators of integrated reporting depending on user requests; d) the growth of the share of professional education with the acquisition of competences in the verification of integrated reporting. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, the authors revealed the economic essence of the concept of “integrated reporting” and substantiated its relationship with social reporting of corporate enterprises. The interpretation of the definition of “audit of integrated reporting” is given and the purpose and task of the auditor in verifying indicators of integrated reporting is defined. The regulatory and legal basis for the audit of integrated reporting has been expanded through the proposed draft of the Law of Ukraine “On the Audit of Integrated Reporting”. The author's vision of the qualification requirements for auditors who will confirm integrated reporting is provided, and ways to improve their basic knowledge and skills are indicated.

К сопоставлению теоретических основ аудита с теоретическими основами банковского дела

The article briefly analyzes four levels of ideas about various sciences: philosophical questions, concept, theoretical foundations of the science in question and its specific scientific provisions. The main reasons why the concept of audit and its theoretical foundations are needed are outlined. It is concluded that they also operate in banking. A number of economic (economic cybernetics, theories of economic competition, industry markets, regulation in the socio-economic sphere, etc.) and non-economic (systems engineering, probability theory, etc.) sciences are listed and briefly considered, whose results and methods can be transferred to audit and banking — of course, taking into account the specifics of these industries. Common features and differences in such a transfer between audit and banking are noted.

ENERGY AUDIT INFORMATION SYSTEM

The opportunities provided by energy audits to improve the competitiveness of companies by reducing energy consumption and introducing energy-efficient solutions also allow for achieving the environmental goals set by the European Union and Latvia in relation to climate neutrality. It is important to consider the results of energy audits in the development of both local and regional and national policies, thus setting more precise results to be achieved. At present, there is no unified energy audit development information system in Latvia, in which all audit stages and calculations could be performed; this would reduce clerical and calculation errors and allow data to be predicted and used in policy development, research. Within the framework of the work, the authors researched the concept of energy audit, its process and the results to be achieved by companies by implementing energy efficient measures, as well as the policy goals of the European Union and Latvia in environmental improvement programs. The paper summarizes and analyses the programs and methods available in Latvia, which are used to develop energy audits of companies, as well as the practices of other countries and their results.The research goal is to develop the specification of the energy audit information system, based on the analysis of the used energy audit information systems. Based on the findings, the authors developed a specification of the program's energy audit information system requirements, which is suitable for the Latvian market.

Artificial intelligence technologies: Prospects for use in the company’s internal audit

Subject. This article studies the trends in the development of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of internal audit. Objectives. The article aims to highlight the main trends in the development of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of internal audit, substantiating the prospects for the application of such technologies in the context of the development of a new concept of internal audit. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systems approach, and the computational and graphic, and accounting and analytical methods. Results. The article reveals the prerequisites for the discrepancy between business expectations aimed at obtaining advisory support in making management decisions and the existing paradigm of internal audit, focused on testing the internal control and risk management system. The analysis of the existing machine learning methods in the context of its potential applicability in the internal auditor’s work helped identify key areas for using machine learning to improve the efficiency of performing audit procedures. Conclusions and Relevance. Machine learning as a field of knowledge of the theory of artificial intelligence can help automate the routine processes of internal audit and orient this function in the field of information and consulting support for business, contributing to its shifting away from control and audit activities. The use of individual elements of artificial intelligence technology contributes to improving the efficiency of internal audit. The results of the study can be used both for practical application by internal audit services, and for the development of the theory and practice of this field of knowledge.

Green Campus Audit Procedures and Implementation to Educational Institutions and Industries

Nature provides a free lunch, but only if we control our appetites. As we are in the twenty-first century, modernization and industrialization are the two important outputs that have made human life more luxurious and comfortable. Simultaneously, they are responsible for several uses of exploitation of forests, natural resources, and wildlife, polluting the scarce, producing massive solid waste and sacred water resources, and finally making our planet Earth ugly and inhospitable. Today, people are getting more familiar with global issues like global warming, the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, climate change, etc. Now, it is considered a final call by Mother Earth to walk on the path of sustainable development. The time has come to wake up, unite and combat together for a sustainable environment. The present study focuses on the concept of green audit and its importance with respect to the conservation of nature for future generations. Every organization should have its own green campus and environment policy with respect to nature conservation and environmental protection and should maintain a sizable amount of green cover area after building construction along with natural and planted vegetation. A maximum number of more oxygen-producing and carbon-di-oxide-absorbing plants should be maintained to provide a pure atmosphere to the stakeholders. The installation of a rainwater harvesting system, percolation, ponds, check dam, and drip irrigation system to conserve rainwater and groundwater should be noteworthy on the campus.

Business Audit in ESG format: Up-Growth of the Corporate Reporting Verification Methodology

The paper continues the series of authors’ publications on the problem of developing the concept of business audit in sustainable development and ESG transformation. The object of the study is the modern international and Russian practice of verifying public ESG reporting by leading companies. The study’s task is to develop a methodology to confirm its reliability as the area for developing business audit in these conditions. As a result of the study, the authors have identified a trend for the auditors of the world’s leading countries to express an opinion on the reliability of ESG reporting with the provision of reasonable assurance to interested users, in contrast to Russian practice, in which thereare currently no such precedents. There have been determined directions for improving the procedure for confirming the reliability of public (including non-financial) reporting and delimited by the horizon of their practical implementation. The authors substantiated the necessity of introducing a requirement for a mandatory audit of non-financial information in corporate reporting. Also, they gave a comparative description of the two tracks of the practical implementation in the application of this requirement: the introduction of a mandatory rule for the predominant expression of reasonable assurance when auditors perform assignments to confirm the reliability of all types of non-financial reporting; extending the requirements of auditing standards, requiring auditors to express reasonable assurance on all corporate reporting. The authors have developed proposals to correct certain aspects of the existing methodology for the audit of financial statements in relation to the process of verification of non-financial information in corporate reporting. The results got will expand audit practice in the implementation’s context of the concept of sustainable development and implementing ESG principles. The study may interest national regulators, professional communities, as well as investors and financial market participants.

TO THE PROBLEM OF INSTITUTIONAL AUDIT OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to justify the need to introduce an institutional audit of public authorities in Ukraine as one of the responses to modern challenges in the system of public management and administration. In the research there were used methods of a systematic approach to studying the concept of institutional audit, as well as methods of analysis, generalization, systematization, and forecasting to describe the components of the institutional audit’s ecosystem. Іnstitutional audit is singled out from among other types of audits; the need to increase the institutional capacity of public authorities in Ukraine is justified; the components of institutional audit are considered; communication ability is researched as an important component of the object of institutional audit in the modern realities of Ukraine; the advantages of involving the public in the procedure of institutional audit in Ukraine are considered. It has been established that in the modern realities of Ukraine, institutional audit doesn’t have sufficient methodological and legal support, and what is available is scattered among various laws, regulations and even types of audits. The need to systematize the legal foundations of institutional audit and to strengthen the theoretical and methodological basis of its conduct is proven. Keywords: institutional audit, institutional capacity, organization, effectiveness, efficiency, communication, public authorities.

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Abstract. Introduction. The article considers the concept of public audit in housing and communal services as a living mechanism that should consist of experts who can professionally and impartially observe and evaluate social processes in society and provide an adequate assessment of the situation in various situations. Purpose. The introduction of new criteria for the provision of social services in the field of housing and communal services will contribute to increasing the transparency of the use of budget resources and will help the population to resume a new dialogue with state authorities. Results. The international experience of reforming and the methodology of conducting public audits in housing and communal services are analyzed using the cases of England, Germany, the United States of America, France, and the Netherlands. Following the changes and the need to reform the public audit field in housing and utilities/services, recommendations were given. Also, the importance of introducing a transparent public audit is indicated because it will build new relations between the public and public authorities in Ukraine's housing and communal services. The article states the need for additional criteria when conducting a public audit in the field of housing and communal services/services. After all, the post-war stage of the development of public audit in the field of housing and communal services should be located not only at the level of control of certain public entities, mass media, but also at the level of special public and state bodies, which will be endowed with relevant functions, the main of which will be planning, coordination, control over the implementation of reforms and the proper and effective implementation of the set goals and objectives, in accordance with the approved strategies at different levels of government. Conclusions. The important role of introducing a transparent public audit belongs to local state authorities, because it will build new relations between the public and the public sphere. However, such implementation should be accompanied by reform based on international practices, taking into account the specifics of legislation and modern realities.