Concept Dictionary Research Articles

РОЛЬ СЛОВАРЯ ПОНЯТИЙ В АВТОМАТНОМ ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РАЗРАБОТКИ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОГО АКВАРИУМА

The paper considers the issue of using automa-based programming technology methods for developing software for an automated aquarium. The technological process of operating the aquarium is analyzed in detail and the choice of cer-tain hardware solutions included in the automated aquarium control system is substantiated. The need to write a con-trol system for the object (aquarium) is justified and the methods of its use are proved. The control system structure is analyzed, where each new piece of code in this program is given an explanation of its functionality and application possibilities for reference, taken from the concept dictionary of automa-based programming techniques. The result is presented in the form of a program code and block diagrams that translate the rules of this system operation into the language of logic, based on the knowledge about the technological structure of the aquarium. This software develop-ment method is a “machine” translation of a clearly written human text, being an attempt to show that the process of writing a program code is a process of translating a text from one language into another, and also that this method of programming is easy to learn and convenient in operation. In this case, the first language is understandable to hu-mans, and the second language is adapted for computers. For a stable operation of this translation technique, a dic-tionary is needed that allows the user to create a task for the computer.

Lexicography of the Tatar language ethnocultural vocabulary

The article describes the four-volume “Ethnocultural Dictionary of the Tatar Language”, which was compiled by a team of teachers from the Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication of Kazan Federal University. This work records the vocabulary of the Tatar language, reflecting the people’s traditional culture, which accumulates information about the surrounding world, living conditions, everyday life, work organization, etc. Such studies are a reliable aid in studying the circumstances and factors of the national culture formation.Ethnocultural dictionaries give a fragmentary idea of the Tatar people’s linguistic picture of the world. To determine the role and place of culturally marked vocabulary selected for the compilation of the dictionary entries, its authors analyzed the dictionaries of the 19th-21st centuries, studied the use of these words as part of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings, as well as their use in songs and works of art. This study of the culturally marked units adds new data to the history of the formation, development and improvement of Tatar material and spiritual culture. The proposed works can serve as a model for compiling ethnocultural dictionaries of other Turkic-speaking peoples; the material, collected in these lexicographic works, will find a worthy place in the dictionaries of concepts of Turkic languages.

D-module techniques for solving differential equations in the context of Feynman integrals

Feynman integrals are solutions to linear partial differential equations with polynomial coefficients. Using a triangle integral with general exponents as a case in point, we compare D-module methods to dedicated methods developed for solving differential equations appearing in the context of Feynman integrals, and provide a dictionary of the relevant concepts. In particular, we implement an algorithm due to Saito, Sturmfels, and Takayama to derive canonical series solutions of regular holonomic D-ideals, and compare them to asymptotic series derived by the respective Fuchsian systems.

DICTIONARIES OF EDUCATION TERMS AS A MEANS OF REFLECTION EDUCATIONAL REFORMS

Dictionaries of education terms are analyzed as a means of reflecting modern educational reforms, which are certified by legislative and regulatory documents. The prerequisites for the creation of the latest lexicographic publications are considered. Features of modern dictionaries of education terms are outlined as a significant source of fixation, systematization, unification and codification of new terms and concepts in the field of education. The latest dictionaries designed to guide educators in the understanding and correct use of special words were analyzed, namely: “National Educational and Scientific Glossary” (2018), “Dictionary-handbook of vocabulary in the field of education: national-European identity” (2018), “Dictionary of terms and concepts of modern education” (2020), “New Ukrainian school: dictionary of terms and concepts” (2022), “Dictionary of the latest educational terms and concepts” (2021) and “Explanatory dictionary of educational terms” (2022). The signs of the uniqueness of these dictionaries and the expediency of using them in the process of improving the professional and terminological competence of educators, increasing their professional, general cultural level and pedagogical skill are highlighted. Unique examples of dictionary articles are presented, which contain definitions of relevant terms of the educational and scientific domestic and world space, definitions of concepts that were first recorded by the compilers, as well as illustrative material, the source base of which is the texts of public and political, educational and student media. The reason for the appearance of new educational terms and concepts is substantiated, and extralinguistic factors influencing the renewal of the semantics of established term lexemes are established. Key words: general secondary education, educational reforms, modern terminology of the field of education, dictionaries of educational terms, conceptual and terminological apparatus, professional and terminological competence.

VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT OF ABSENСE IN MODERN ENGLISH

The article is devoted to the study of the ways of expressing and representing the concept of ABSENCE in modern English. The article analyses how this concept is reflected in different linguistic forms and contexts, studies the lexical means by which the concept of absence is verbalised in English. The purpose of the proposed study is to determine the peculiarities of verbalisation of the universal concept of ABSENCE. The object of the analysis is the concept of ABSENCE, the subject of the study is its semantic and axiological features. The research material was based on 5 well-known English-language explanatory dictionaries. The methods of etymological analysis, which made it possible to identify the primary semantic characteristics of the ABSENCE concept; analysis of lexicographic sources, which allowed to form the first idea of the concept and the means of its expression; the method of semantic analysis, which helped to identify the conceptual features of the studied concept were used. The study examines the etymology of the English lexical unit nominating the ABSENCE concept, analyses the interpretation of the words representing the ABSENCE concept on the basis of dictionaries of the modern English language, identifies the main conceptual meanings and axiological characteristics of the analysed concept. It has been established that the universal, abstract concept ABSENCE in modern English is a multifaceted, semantically voluminous concept; it is verbalised with the help of the noun absence and the adjective absent. According to its etymological meaning, it developed as the absence or lack of presence. The ABSENCE concept is cognitively more negatively labelled. Based on the analysis of dictionary entries, the following features of the ABSENCE concept have been identified: existential absence, temporary absence, spatial absence, inaccessibility (unattainability), lack, lack of possession. We see the prospect of further research in the comparative analysis of the verbalisation of the concept of ABSENCE/ABSENSE in Ukrainian and English languages. The practical value of the research results lies in the possibility of using its materials and results in the development of theoretical and practical courses on the problems of general linguistics, cognitive linguistics, discourse studies, linguistic and cultural studies. The materials of the study can be reflected in lexicography in the compilation of cognitive dictionaries of basic concepts.

Proteus (Proteus)

Beginning with his botanical epiphany in Sicily in 1787, Goethe turned to the ancient Greek sea god Proteus as a key figure for imagining natural metamorphosis. “Proteus” is perhaps a surprising term for a lexicon of philosophical concepts. Its connection to symbol, myth, and what Hegel would call representational thinking (Vorstellungsdenken) contrasts with more overtly abstract terms of philosophy. Yet for the unorthodox thinker, Goethe, who consistently straddled the line between literature and philosophy, the boundaries between symbolic representation and speculative abstraction were often porous. Nowhere is this more evident than in his theory of metamorphosis, which was developed throughout his life in an aggregate of scientific, poetic, and biographical texts. The lexeme “Proteus,” as Goethe used it, grows out of and defines this uniquely interdisciplinary thinking. Itself a deeply protean concept in his oeuvre, it gives occasion to consider the mutually productive relationship between philosophy, literature, and life within the broader constellation of Goethe’s thought. In this entry, I situate Goethe’s “protean” model of metamorphosis vis-à-vis his engagement with maritime environments and literature, specifically Homer’s Odyssey, during the period of the Italian journey (1786-1788). As a symbol, I argue, Proteus played an especially important role in Goethe’s dynamic reconception of natural forms as well as his rebuttal to the “terrestrially biased” imagery of Carl Linnaeus, who construed the formal characteristics of plants through metaphors of geographical enclosure. Additionally, I consider how Goethe’s “protean” botany informed his theory of natural types (Typen) and prepared his theory and practice of science as “zarte Empirie” (WA IV/45:11; delicate empiricism). By reading the mythical figure of Proteus back into the adjective “protean,” which is used to characterize Goethe’s view of nature in his scientific and poetic writings, we can uncover a uniquely Goethean conception of metamorphosis and creativity.

CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT VECTORS OF LEXICOGRAPHIC PRACTICE IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

The article analyzes the current trends in the development of lexicographic practice in Russia and abroad. The authors proceed from the fact that the evolution of lexicography as a socially oriented science is determined by a multitude of external and internal factors, dominated by changes in the social life, transformation of users’ data acquisition and reading habits, improvement of technologies, etc. Shifts in the lexicographic paradigm result in the unification of approaches to the creation of dictionaries as well as their content and structure, which indicates the integration of the global scientific and methodological space of lexicography. Lexicographic resources aspire for hybridization, which provides for the solution of a wide range of tasks, use of corpus data, “client-orientation”, which changes the user concept of dictionaries towards personalization of query and dictionary browsing modes. Dictionaries are created in an electronic environment using the capacities of new digital tools and artificial intelligence. Lexicography for specific purposes, represented primarily by terminological dictionaries, databases, ontologies and thesauri, remains a priority. Bilingual and multilingual lexicography is actively developing too, witnessing a significant growth in the number of language parallels and the expansion of the repertoire of services facilitating translation and communication processes. On the other hand, the development of lexicography is determined by national interests, which manifests itself in the creation of dictionaries that form and preserve the national identity of the members of the linguoculture described in the dictionary. The lexicographic concept of cultural heritage is being formed. It is framed by dictionaries of language and culture, phraseological and paremiological dictionaries, onomasticons, dictionaries of idiolects, mythology, folklore, etc. The lexicographic practice adequately responds to the challenges of the time, improving the existing and developing some new methods and techniques of creating dictionaries, thus formatting the general scientific methodological paradigm.

ANTONYMY IN TERMINOLOGY (ACCORDING TO THE DICTIONARY OF ANTONYMS OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE)

The article examines the nature of the transmission of antonyms in dictionaries. Lexical-systematic connections, including the relationship of synonyms and antonyms within the semantic field, the influence of polysemy on the semantic relationships between words, the influence on the formation of an antonymic series, as well as the special importance of studying the expression word-formation of antonym connections in dictionaries. In lexicography, there are many types of antonym dictionaries. True, they differ from each other in the general concept of dictionaries, the structure of the dictionary, size and proximity to the industry. With the help of a dictionary of antonyms of the Kazakh language, the function of antonymy in terminology is differentiated and examples show that antonymic relations are considered a type of systematic relations in the linguistic vocabulary. Words that are in an antonymic relationship are used in the opposite sense and form a separate group. The goal and task of the antonym dictionary is to describe lexical units from the point of view of semantic opposition; it is indicated that antonyms can be formed from different roots and related words, and it is also shown that the meaning of antonyms is formed from related words. in a word, he is never aware of the opposite meaning. The appearance of words with opposite meanings is associated with the external environment. According to its logical and philosophical content, linguistic antonymy is considered as a manifestation of opposition in language.

The ENACT network is acting on housing instability and the unhoused using the open health natural language processing toolkit

Abstract Housing is an environmental social determinant of health that is linked to mortality and clinical outcomes. We developed a lexicon of housing-related concepts and rule-based natural language processing methods for identifying these housing-related concepts within clinical text. We piloted our methods on several test cohorts: a synthetic cohort generated by ChatGPT for initial infrastructure testing, a cohort with substance use disorders (SUD), and a cohort diagnosed with problems related to housing and economic circumstances (HEC). Our methods successfully identified housing concepts in our ChatGPT notes (recall = 1.0, precision = 1.0), our SUD population (recall = 0.9798, precision = 0.9898), and our HEC population (recall = N/A, precision = 0.9160).

Developing the First Digital Occupational Therapy Dictionary Worldwide: A Promising Mobile Application Model for Occupational Therapy Service Providers and Recipients.

The purpose of this study was to develop the first English-Arabic occupational therapy dictionary mobile application that could be used by occupational therapy service providers and recipients and help fill the gap in understanding and communicating occupational therapy services. Google Play Store and App Store application stores were searched first to identify any current electronic occupational therapy dictionary. While developing the dictionary concept and structure, end users' needs, language, and culture were taken into consideration applying a user-friendly design, functionalities, and an easy-to-understand language with illustrative visual representations. Our search for currently available electronic occupational therapy dictionaries did not identify any mobile application on the official application stores for iPhone and Android. As a result, a conceptual model was created to develop a mobile application aiming to develop a comprehensive and user-friendly mobile electronic dictionary with over 2400 scientific terms translated and annotated from English to Arabic, more than 350 illustrative pictures, and special features to assist occupational therapy professionals and occupational therapy services recipients in looking up and understanding terminology used in rehabilitation and occupational therapy in the most convenient, fastest, and easiest way possible. The occupational therapy dictionary mobile application has helped create a unified terminology and a common language of shared understanding, proved to be a helpful tool of communicating important messages between Arab occupational therapy professionals and community members through providing an easy access to up-to-date comprehensive English-Arabic lexicography in occupational therapy. It has become the first digital occupational therapy dictionary worldwide and has been made available for everyone to download from Google Play and App Store on their smartphones, computers, or tablets free of charge. Further research is urgently needed for quality improvement and to further enrich Arabic content in occupational therapy through developing evidence-based mobile tools to be used in occupational therapy practice by Arabic-speaking population.

Semantyka średniowiecznych wyrazów reprezentujących pojęcie MILCZENIE w świetle danych ze Słownika pojęciowego języka staropolskiego

In the article, the subject of description included continuous and discontinuous auto‑semantic lexical units used in the medieval language (until the end of the 15th century) which are a lexical representation of the concept of SILENCE in the Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish online] based on Słownik staropolski [Old Polish Dictionary]. The result of semantic works on the vocabulary gathered within the concept of SILENCE is the categorization on this lexis within semantic field and descrption of its components. The semantic field created on the basis of the analyzed lexical units consists of five complementary zones: no speech; lack of speech and related sounds; permanent or temporary loss of the ability to speak or express oneself; inexpressibility; tabooing.

Research on the orientation of technical university students towards moral values

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of forming the moral personality of a technical university student, which involves the rooting of moral values in his consciousness. The composition of moral values that determine the engineer’s attitude towards technology, to colleagues, and to society is outlined. The appeal to the orientation of students – future engineers on moral values is argued. Methods of scientific and pedagogical research are defined that make it possible to study the orientation of future engineers towards moral values: the method of conceptual dictionary; M. Rokeach’s «Value Orientations» methodology, the content of which is modified in accordance with the composition of moral values to which students are attached. A comparison is made of the data obtained at the ascertaining stage of the experimental work on introducing students to moral values with the data of its control stage. Differences in the knowledge of first-year students and graduates about the concepts of «morality», «value», «moral value» are revealed: first-year students are characterized by ordinary knowledge based on everyday ideas; Graduate students are characterized by reflective, scientifically meaningful knowledge. An increase in the number of students in the experimental group is revealed, correlating moral values with the axiological foundations of the process of introducing future engineers to values. The focus of graduates of a technical university is revealed not only on personal interests, but also on the interests of another person.

Колкость как речевой поступок

The aim of the article is to look into the frame structure of the speech act KOLKOST’ (stinging remark) in the lexico-semantic system of the Russian language and Russian discourse. The combination of the frame theory and the theory of prototypes in the research helps to figure out the peculiarities of naming and the characteristics of the lexemes, taking into account the human aspect in the language. The research draws on the data from explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, the dictionaries of synonyms, the dictionaries of concepts. The Russian National corpus is used as a source of the contemporary contexts. Taking into consideration the existing definitions of an act, the research suggests viewing a speech act as an act driven by a certain intention, always performed in the society, that leads to certain consequences and gets evaluation (positive or negative) from other people. The study shows that the conceptualization of the speech act “a stinging remark” is closely related to the linguo-cognitive frame model constituted by the following elements: an intention, action, subject, object, valuation, result. The article points out how the elements of this frame model are represented in the Russian language-system and discourse. Through the analysis of lexicographic and speech data, the paradigmatic and syntagmatic peculiarities of the words that represent the frame-model, the prototypical characteristics of the structural elements of the slots were figured out. These elements (slots) of the frame-model are interrelated and represent different aspects of the situation called KOLKOST’ (stinging remark) in Russian. The research shows that the frame-model of the speech act called KOLKOST’ (stinging remark) is a complex structure, a linguo-cognitive model which reflects the fragment of the world with all the relations between its elements.

Biblical Phraseological Units and Proverbs in Modern Sociocultural Context: Dictionary Representation

The article explores issues related to the lexicographic development of biblical proverbs and phraseological units, which are typically represented in dictionaries solely in their canonical form, without taking into account the peculiarities of their contemporary usage. The aim of the research is to develop a dictionary concept that, alongside traditional forms, reflects the structural and semantic transformations of biblicisms in the media space and live communication. Phraseological units and proverbs, selected from biblical dictionaries and encyclopedias, as well as those documented in internet forums, chats, and blogs (from 2013 to 2023), and recorded in spoken language, have become the subject of structural-semantic, componential, and contextual analysis prior to their lexicographic treatment. Special attention is paid to transformational mechanisms of phonetic mimicry and playful variants of phraseological units and proverbs created on this basis. During lexicographic modeling, parameters for an innovative dictionary entry combining elements characteristic of explanatory and axiological dictionaries have been developed. The implementation of the developed parametric model is demonstrated using the example of the proverb ‘Eyes are the mirror of the soul.’ It is emphasized that the proposed lexicographic concept will allow for the reflection of dynamic processes affecting the corpus of biblicisms in their sociocultural context, prediction of trends in this field, and utilization of dictionary materials for language teaching purposes.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ АВТОМАТНОГО ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ ПРИ РАЗРАБОТКЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ИНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ СРЕДСТВ

The article shows that programming can be mastered even by those who have not been previously familiar with it. For this, an application is developed allowing beginners to program using hints. The source code of the application is available in the public domain, developed with the use of automatic programming technology applying such tools as a computer model “dictionary of concepts” and explicit state selection. The programme will be written in the free Sharp Develop integrated development environment based on the C# language. The main problems identified during the programme development, as well as methods for solving them will be given in the article, the main logical deci-sions made to write the programme code will be explained. In addition to the main aim for which this programme code is written, the article can be considered as a manual for writing logic by the programme based on the automatic pro-gramming methods and tools. This article may be useful to people who want to improve their knowledge in the field of programming, and in addition, it is aimed at popularizing the technology of automatic programming to enlarge this area of programme logic development and simplify its principles and methods for the general public.

GIS learning and college students’ acquisition and understanding of spatial concepts

ABSTRACT Empirical evidence is insufficient on the specific roles GIS learning plays in developing students’ understanding various spatial concepts. The present study aims to draw attention to common struggles of learning some spatial concepts in geography and offer directions for future research on GIS learning and the development of student spatial concept lexicon. Three types of technical terms – neutral, helpful associations, and hindering associations – by Glessmer and Brose (2014) provided an excellent framework to explain why some concepts are more or less difficult for students to grasp. Our findings suggest that learning map scale and map projection are relatively easy because they are neutral and introduced as a new vocabulary. Overlay and density are terms provoking helpful associations because they carry a similar meaning in everyday language, so most students had no problems understanding the meaning of these concepts. Spatial association seemed to elicit unhelpful association because everyday use of the term, association, is not precise enough to define spatial association, resulting in students confused with other terms. Future research must be done in the context of GIS requiring students to be able to not only know spatial concepts but clearly articulate these concepts regarding various GIS applications.

Problems of interaction between scientific and practical pedagogy: the preparatory stage of teaching Russian as a foreign language

The main purpose of the article is to identify problems of interaction in scholarly and practical pedagogy and to propose an information and communication toolkit as a solution. The idea was to use the practical experience of Russian language teachers in Uzbek national schools, who were offered a new textbook that contradicts the conditions of reality. The methodology used was the research of G. N. Volkov, M. A., Danilov, A. N. Dakhin, I. A. Maisel, A. I. Rakitov, the dictionary of concepts by E. Z. Azimov and A. N. Shchukin, as well as the theory of V. V. Kraevsky. According to the analysis of scientific research, pedagogical science includes methodological and special-scientific research, where the first creates guidelines, and the second provides methods and techniques for practical pedagogy. Based on this theory, the author of the article proposes a programme algorithm with the obligatory implementation of digital pedagogical conditions in the educational process. A model of interactive pedagogical site is proposed, in which new adjustments are made to the notion. Examples are given to prove the effectiveness of using a pedagogical site as a means of dialogical communication in forming communicative competence of foreign students at the stage of teaching Russian. The advantages of interactive pedagogical web-site over the main teaching tool – textbook are identified, and it is proved that such web-site should be a part of pedagogical conditions of digital educational environment both in schools and in Russian universities. The revealed results confirm that interactive website, as a type of pedagogical technology, is currently one of the ways to manage education.

Words Matter: Measuring the Co-Operative Identity Crisis

Identity is at the core of a rich body of business communications research, spanning studies on organizational identity, branding, and corporate social responsibility. This work has, however, neglected the question of corporate identity from the perspective of co-operatives—democratically-controlled businesses owned and controlled by their users—and the existential challenge posed by an operating environment often hostile to the business model. At the same time, the question of identity permeates the scholarly organizational and co-operative literature, shaping studies into co-operative identity crises, isomorphism, and from a transactions-cost economics perspective, the co-operative lifecycle. Bridging these literatures, we develop a first-ever conceptual dictionary of terms that we associate with co-operative and investor-owned firms (IOFs). Using text-as-data techniques, we apply the dictionary to a 15-year sample of credit union (a type of co-operative) and bank (IOFs) annual report texts. The resulting model ranks credit unions and banks on a co-op versus IOF firm scale and identifies credit unions that may be at risk of losing their identity because of their use of IOF language. To validate our results, we employ a variety of strategies, including novel machine learning models. Generally, these strategies support the findings from our dictionary model but also suggest the model may not be picking up on some creeping isomorphic pressures on credit unions to conform to IOF language. We conclude by noting that identity questions have important real-world implications, noting potential legal and public policy implications (e.g., loss of preferential tax measures) and pointing to literature that associates co-operative “identity crises” with business failures and demutualizations which, in turn, can lead to higher consumer prices.

Is anyone a middle power? The case for historicization

AbstractWhat should happen to a concept as it loses real-world application? The concept of ‘middle power’ rose to prominence in the mid-20thcentury, establishing an influential practitioner–scholarly nexus over the next several decades. This prestigious history came at a cost, embedding three core assumptions into the concept: that middle powers areInternationalin focus,Multilateralin method, andGood Citizensin conduct. While there have been significant attempts by scholars to reform the concept, middle power theory has proven inseparable from these assumptions. In this paper, we examine six middle power states (Canada, Australia, South Korea, Indonesia, Turkey, and Mexico) and show middle power theory no longer helps us distinguish or interpret these states. Changes in the international environment suggest this finding will endure. As such, we argue for the historicization of the concept of ‘middle power’. We conclude by identifying a series of analytical puzzles which researchers will need to address to develop an appropriate conceptual lexicon for theorizing this type of state in the 21stcentury.

Orígenes de la lexicografía del español en América: primeros repertorios y esbozos metodológicos

The origins of the lexicography of Spanish in America are found in various works such as glossaries, vocabularies, relationships, indexes, tables, etc., which have some common characteristics: they are simple and concise repertoires that are created because they are useful to understand the historical-geographical and literary texts, being usually appendices of a few dozens of words; in some cases they contain technical words or are included in dictionaries of another type. Twelve of these works are analyzed up to the beginning of the 17th century to show how lexicographical methods and techniques are outlined, which are the embryo of the later concept of dictionary of Americanisms.