Concept Of Public Policy Research Articles

Healthy Public Policy in Canada: A Survey of Ontario Health Professionals

"Healthy public policy" has become a catchphrase of the "new" health promotion. The concept, however, remains vague and lacking in practice. A survey of Ontario public health workers was conducted in June 1988, using the World Health Organization's Second Health Promotion Conference Declaration on Healthy Public Policy as a source of policy statements and action areas. Results are constrained by a low response rate (22.5%, N = 180), but indicate a high degree of support for healthy public policy concepts by senior level public health workers. Social environment policy issues (notably child poverty and unaffordable housing) are highest ranked priority issues, although physical environment (pollution) ranked most important when respondents were asked to choose a single issue. Lifestyle health issues are relatively low-ranked, although they remain priorities for action by respondents and their employers. The Canadian and Ontario Public Health Associations are thought to have the best analyses of healthy public policies, but are not seen as prominent policy actors. Government and media are considered weakest in their analysis of healthy public policy. Respondents' comments indicate a willingness to strengthen their role, and that of their health associations, in advocacy for healthy public policies.

The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (2d ed.). By Ian Sinclair. Manchester and Dover, N.H.: Manchester University Press, 1984. Pp. x, 270. Index. £29.50; $40.

Mr Sinclair's book, which analyses the more important elements of the Vienna Treaties Convention, reflects his high degree of scholarship in this important area of international law and the experience he gained not only as a member of the British delegation to the conference which drew up the convention but especially as a member of the conference's drafting committee. Two aspects of the convention are singled out for special attention, the relationship of the convention to customary international law, and the concept of jus cogens. Although the convention is not likely to enter into force for some time, it already exercises considerable influence on the treaty-making practices of states and is commonly referred to in the preparation of bilateral and multilateral treaties. Because the convention is already serving, to a limited degree, as a code of treaty law, the treaty practitioner will find the discussion distinguishing between those provisions of the convention which are a codification of existing treaty law and those which constitute attempts at progressive development of that law of considerable practical value. Mr Sinclair approaches the concept of jus cogens in international law with the same prudence which has marked the attitude of the British judiciary to the analogous domestic law concept of public policy. He concludes that 'there is a place for the concept of jus cogens in international law. Its growth and development will parallel the growth and development of an international legal order expressive of the consensus of the international community as a whole. Such an international legal order is, at present, inchoate, unformed and only just discernible/ The question whether economic coercion constitutes a use of force

“Reasonable Cost” Reimbursement for Inpatient Hospital Services Under Medicare and Medicaid: The Emergence of Public Control

AbstractIn 1965 Congress, through amendments to the Social Security Act, established the Medicare and Medicaid programs and mandated that hospitals participating in those programs be reimbursed for the “reasonable cost” of providing inpatient services to Medicare and Medicaid patients. In this Article, the Chairman of the Massachusetts Rate Setting Commission contends that HEW—which, like Congress, was anxious to stimulate the voluntary participation of hospitals in the Medicare and Medicaid programs—interpreted “reasonable cost” with excessive liberality toward participating hospitals and created a fiscally burdensome and inflationary reimbursement system lacking principles of efficiency and planning. The author then describes a series of attempts—varying in scope and success—to reformulate “reasonable cost,” as applied to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement, in a manner more consistent with the author's concept of sound public policy. The culmination of these attempts to date, he states, was Public Law 92-603 (Social Security Amendments of 1972), which introduced to the reimbursement system the concepts of (1) tough evaluation of the reasonableness of hospital costs, with emphasis on efficiency, utilization, and planning; (2) shifting de facto power over reimbursement rates away from the hospitals and into the hands of the agencies that purchase their services; and (3) increased public scrutiny of hospital operations. The author contends that this law, and the philosophy which underlies it, represents a healthy balancing of the needs of hospitals and the needs of the public; that the trend toward cost control and public control which the law embodies has been substantially furthered in those states which have statutorily established hospital budget or charge review programs; and that such trend will continue and profoundly affect any national health insurance plan enacted in the future.

The Learning of Concepts

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Learning of ConceptsRobert M. GagnéRobert M. Gagné Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 73, Number 3Autumn, 1965 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/442739 Views: 38Total views on this site Citations: 9Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in The School Review (1893-1979), which is continued by the American Journal of Education (1979-present). Copyright 1965 University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article: Mai Thu Duong, Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc, Patrick Griffin Developing a Framework to Measure Process-oriented Writing Competence: A Case of Vietnamese EFL Students? Formal Portfolio Assessment, RELC Journal 42, no.22 (Jun 2011): 167–185.https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688211402179Pieter W. G. Bots, F. Pieter Wagenaar, Rolf Willemse Assimilation of Public Policy Concepts Through Role-Play: Distinguishing Rational Design and Political Negotiation, Simulation & Gaming 41, no.55 (Apr 2010): 743–766.https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878109353468Roger F. Yoho Effectiveness of Four Concept Teaching Strategies on Social Studies Concept Acquisition and Retention, Theory & Research in Social Education 14, no.33 (Jun 1986): 211–223.https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.1986.10505523Mary Jane Ford, C. Warren Mckinney The Effects of Recycling and Response Sensitivity on the Acquisition of Social Studies Concepts, Theory & Research in Social Education 14, no.11 (Jan 1986): 21–33.https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.1986.10505509McKinney C. Warren, Herschel Q. Peddicord, Mary J. Forid, Larkins A. Guy The Effectiveness of Three Methods of Teaching Social Studies Concepts to Sixth-Grade Students, The Journal of Educational Research 78, no.11 (Jan 2015): 35–39.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1984.10885569William B. Stanley Approaches to Teaching Concepts and Conceptualizing: An Analysis of Social Studies Methods Textbooks, Theory & Research in Social Education 11, no.44 (Jan 1984): 1–14.https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.1984.10505461C Warren Mckinney, A. Guy Larkins, Mary Jane Ford, John C. Davis The Effectiveness of Three Methods of Teaching Social Studies Concepts to Fourth-grade Students: An Aptitude-Treatment Interaction Study, American Educational Research Journal 20, no.44 (Jun 2016): 663–670.https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312020004663Thomas Rowland, Carson McGuire The development of intelligent behavior V: Central process theorists, Psychology in the Schools 6, no.11 (Jan 1969): 24–37.https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(196901)6:1<24::AID-PITS2310060105>3.0.CO;2-XROBERT M. GAGNÉ THE LEARNING OF PRINCIPLES, (Jan 1966): 81–95.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-3127-3.50011-0

The Representation of Interests in British Government: Historical Background

Out-of-date ideas—if they can only manage to survive long enough—are often put to new and surprising uses. A case in point is British Toryism. This pre-capitalist, pre-individualist, pre-liberal creed, one might think, ought surely to have died out during the 19th century. Yet not only has it survived into the era of socialism, it can also claim credit for having helped build the Welfare State. And today British socialists and Tories—both collectivists in a degree—often have more in common than either have with their fellow Liberals. Old traditions of strong government, paternalism and the organic society have made easier the modern re-assertion of state power.New policies usually produce new kinds of politics. For every major concept of public policy, Schattschneider has observed, there has been a different theory of political organization. Over a period of decades, British collectivism has created not only a new pattern of policy, but also a new structure of power, especially in the realm of political parties and interest groups. Along with a collectivist theory of policy has arisen a collectivist theory of representation. And the latter, like the former, is today supported in interesting and subtle ways by attitudes and ideas deriving from a distant past. The purpose of this article is to look at the historical background of certain of these attitudes—especially those concerning the role of interest groups in politics.

Customary law: the limits of its validity in colonial law

SYNOPSIS This essay aims to delimit the scope of the operation of customary law in English colonial law. Customary law has in varying degrees been recognized as forming part of the local law of almost every British territory : the one touchstone of the validity of any alleged rule of customary law is that it must neither infringe an established statutory or common law principle nor must it be contrary to the principles of “natural justice, equity and good conscience”. In practice, however, this apparently simple provision not infrequently gives rise to controversy, especially when applied to unusual circumstances by English or English‐trained colonial judges whose conception of public policy is sometimes at variance with indigenous ideas. Clearly barbarous customs, such as witchcraft practices and trial by ordeal, are easily ruled out of court but not so borderline cases that neither pique the judges' enlightened sense of morality and fairness nor affront the indigenous code of ethics. It is with the delicate and often nice questions of establishing acceptable criteria of legal validity for particular rules of customary lam in the very diverse conditions of British colonial territories that the analysis that follows attempts to deal. Customary law is still an integral part of modern colonial law and a close examination of the limits of its operation within the latter is certainly overdue.

Conflict of Laws. Concept of Public Policy. Application of the Forum's Rules of Disability of Spouse in a Cause of Action Arising in a Foreign State

Conflict of Laws. Concept of Public Policy. Application of the Forum's Rules of Disability of Spouse in a Cause of Action Arising in a Foreign State

The Public Policy Concept in the Conflict of Laws

The Public Policy Concept in the Conflict of Laws