Concept Of Policy Research Articles

Blurring the binaries of home/school in Family Language Policy

The persistence of the COVID-19-induced lockdowns resulted in increased parent-child encounters as parents worked from home while children learnt through remote platforms. This blurred the binaries of home/school as parents assumed the role of teachers by participating in children’s schooling more formally. By focusing on the role of parents as teachers in heritage language tasks, this study discusses family language ideologies and how they are infused into the teaching and learning of Ndebele, a historically minoritised and marginalised language in Zimbabwe. Data is drawn from a linguistic ethnography of a Ndebele heritage language family residing in the city of Bulawayo. Data consists of audio-recorded Ndebele language lessons and parental interviews. By drawing on the concepts of Family Language Policy and Bourdieu’s notion of ‘legitimate language’, the study exposes how children’s heritage language tasks became important aspects of family’s language transactions, contestations and negotiations. Parents build on their temporary teacher authority to assert their agency in reinforcing a Ndebele identity by endeavouring to teach Ndebele to their children through a ‘Ndebele lens’. Children’s stances towards parents’ monolingual practices and ideologies reveal their resistant agency. Their appeals for explanations and translations of some Ndebele words and expressions into English reproduce school language practices and ideologies that project English as the legitimate language. Parents’ insistence on monolingual practices and children’s language negotiations also reproduces the tensions that exist between English and indigenous languages at school and in the community at large. The study concludes that despite these tensions, these heritage language tasks present opportunities for productive language concordant parent-child encounters that reinforce children’s linguistic identities.

Inovasi Model Kebijakan dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Layanan Kemahasiswaan: Suatu Tinjauan Literatur

This article or writing aims to discuss or find out about a problem that arises in the literature review of thirty journals related to the quality of student services so that later a policy model or framework can be provided to answer existing problems. The problems found in the literature review are focused on public services or student services. To approach this problem, Edward's theory is used as a reference, which consists of four variables, namely those related to communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure variables. Then the data is taken or collected through literature study or analysis of the thirty journals and then analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that the Student Service Policy Model Innovation produces a model consisting of five alternative policy concepts or a mixture of public service models and public policy implementation models, namely Improving Financial Management, Development of Infrastructure and Digital Services, Improvement of Administrative Services, Improvement of Assurance and Empathy Aspects and Optimization of Library Services.

Negotiating severity behind the scenes: prenatal testing in Germany.

Foetal-related severity is a key concept in policy and legislation relating to access to both reproductive technologies and selective abortions in many countries around the world, but not in Germany. This study sheds light on how 'severity' in the context of prenatal testing is understood and negotiated within the particular socio-cultural and legal context of Germany, where 'severity' relating to foetal clinical findings neither counts as a justification to implement population prenatal screening programs, nor as a legal ground to terminate pregnancy. This study explores the views of women who undergo prenatal testing, as well as of professionals who encounter them, through semi-structured interviews. It showcases how they frame severity and questions whether the existing legal and regulatory framework relating to prenatal testing and termination of pregnancy addresses their concerns and needs regarding reproductive decision-making. The interviews (n = 27) reveal that despite it being legally outside the explicit reasons for testing and termination of pregnancy, both women and professionals negotiate severity behind the scenes. Their interpretation of severity is highly context-dependent and relies on clinical, social and familial facets. Their perceptions of severity guide them in their handling of and decision-making around pregnancy management. Acknowledging the personal nature of severity assessment and providing professional or legal guidance which explicitly mentions foetal anomaly as a legitimate factor in pregnancy management could provide healthcare professionals and patients with the room needed to manage the pregnancy favourably.

Legal Policy as a Multi-Aspective Concept: General Theoretical Aspect

This scientific article analyzes the concept of legal policy, as well as various aspects of the concept of “legal policy”. Noting that the subject of legal policy is the state, its functions in the political sphere are determined. Attention is drawn to the content of some principles of legal policy.

Konsep Kebijakan dan Implementasi Pendidikan Multikultural di Indonesia

A country known for its high level of pluralism is Indonesia. This can be likened to a double-edged sword, not only has the potential for progress, but also the potential for decline, this depends on the quality of its human resources. Of course, this shows how important multicultural education is in Indonesia. This research aims to explore the basic concepts of policy and implementation of multicultural education, as well as refreshing the urgency of multicultural education in Indonesia. The method used is literature study which involves collecting and analyzing information from written sources relevant to the research topic without conducting direct research. The research results identify the core principles of multicultural policy, implementation strategies, and their positive impact on inclusion and cross-cultural understanding in the educational environment. This research provides in-depth insight into the basic concepts of multicultural education policy and provides guidance for policy makers and educational practitioners to strengthen inclusion and diversity in educational institutions.

The effects of wars: lessons from the war in Ukraine

ABSTRACT War remains a central feature of global politics and has been a core focus for politics and international relations, history, economics, sociology as well as other cognate disciplines. The analysis of the effects of war has, however, tended to be compartmentalised by sub-disciplines. This article proposes a heuristic framework to map the effects of war in terms of ripple and backwash across a range of interconnected layers of societies. Through this framework, the article then introduces a set of empirically rich and theoretically informed studies from across multiple disciplines which examine the first consequences of the war in Ukraine. Taken together, these studies show that the war has had deep and complex effects affecting human life; human development; economies; values and attitudes; policy and governance; and power distribution and relations around the world. Although broader international public interest in the war may have waned within weeks of the invasion, the effects of the conflict have been deep and continued in many areas, but also differentiated across space and time. Traditional public policy concepts used to frame the effects of “external shocks” such as punctuated equilibrium and critical junctures may overlook such deep-seated and diverse effects, warranting the multidisciplinary lenses used in this volume.

STOSUNKI LITEWSKO-NIEMIECKIE W SFERZE BEZPIECZEŃSTWA PODCZAS WOJNY ROSYJSKO-UKRAIŃSKIEJ W LATACH 2022-2024

The concept of Lithuanian foreign policy is based on three basic priorities: membership in NATO, membership in the European Union and friendly relations with neighbors. The axiological basis for building international relations was based on values such as common attachment to democratic values, human rights and support for an international order based on rules, law and peace. Thirty-three years later, this Baltic country of about 2.8 million people is taking bold steps to counter Russia’s imperialist aspirations at a time of international security crisis. The aim of the article is to analyze the changing geopolitical reality through the strengthening cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the area of security policy. The research problem of the work was defined in the form of a question: what are the characteristics of the issues of Lithuanian-German relations during the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2022-2024 In the context of potential threats generated by Russia? What will be the composition of the future German brigade in Lithuania and its preliminary schedule? The starting point of the discussion is the hypothesis that: small countries are able to start a process that can bring benefits to the entire region and thus contribute in their own way to building international peace and security. Moreover, Lithuania, by pursuing an active and effective foreign policy based not only on national but also regional interests, contributes in its own way to building international security; Moreover, tangible results are being achieved thanks to Lithuania’s efforts to attract Berlin’s attention and pressure it to take more decisive action against Ukraine and its eastern flank. The research method used in the work was content and content analysis and analysis of secondary data. The argument for taking up this issue is the lack of both Polish and English-language literature. For this reason, the presentation of preliminary research results provides a perspective for further, in-depth research on this topic.

Theoretical Foundations for the Formation of Regional Economic Policy in Domestic and Foreign Practice

Relevance. This article examines the theoretical foundations of the formation and development, as an independent discipline, of regional economic policy in the works of domestic and foreign practitioners who studied such aspects as economic geography, theories of interregional development and regulatory mechanisms. The author analyzes the ongoing regional economic policy during the Soviet period and identifies its positive and negative aspects. The theoretical basis of economic policies implemented in the regions turns out to be an indispensable source of information for researchers and politicians who not only seek to understand the characteristics of the economic situation in certain regions, but also to develop effective measures for their comprehensive development.The purpose is to analyze domestic and foreign works in the field of regional economics, determine their significance for modern research, as well as identify factors influencing the development of economic indicators of the regions. Objectives: to reveal the essence of regional economic policy, to determine the degree of knowledge of regional economic policy in the works of domestic and foreign practitioners at the present stage and in past centuries.Methodology. This work uses the method of theoretical analysis of the sources of the problem under study, the method of historical and logical analysis and assessment of the current situation. Results: the main goals of regional economic policy are formulated; the theoretical foundations of regional economic policy have been identified; the contribution of domestic and foreign scientists to the development of the regional economy was considered; an analysis of the periods in which research took place in the field of territorial and economic processes in Soviet practice was carried out; the key issues on which research in the field of regional economics in the USSR focused were identified; the author's positive aspects of regional economic policy during the Soviet period are presented; It has been determined that the concept of industrial policy is the theoretical basis of the regional economy.Conclusions. Regional economics as a scientific discipline has made a huge contribution to the economic policy pursued in the regions, which has made it possible to increase the socio-economic indicators of the development of these territories.

Migration Crime in the Context of National Security (Regional Aspect)

The article points that illegal migration, which leads to the existence of a significant segment of the shadow economy, distorts the domestic labor market, and also forms a breeding ground for corruption in many regions of the country as a whole, the Irkutsk region in particular, can be attributed to the number of criminogenic risks that have a negative impact on ensuring the national interests of the state. In the near future, not only conservation is predicted in this region, but also an increase in the flow of illegal migration, which may have negative consequences. It is noted that the given data of official statistics reflect not the actual, but only the recorded level of migration crime, characterized by latency. The purpose of the study is a criminological analysis of migration crime based on official criminal statistics, the criminological aspects of the current state of this phenomenon are revealed. The research methods are private scientific (special) - the method of expert assessments, statistical research methods. The empirical basis was made up of statistical data on registered crimes committed by foreign citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation for the periods 2016–2022, Data from the Office of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for 2016–2022, as well as the results of published criminological studies conducted by other authors. The study showed that the effectiveness of measures taken to migration in general and illegal migration in particular depends on the coordinated work of all departments dealing with migration issues. It is concluded that it is necessary to work out the Concept of the state migration policy of the Russian Federation for 2019–2025," especially in terms of "embedding" migrants into the multicultural space of the country in a legislative form in order to preserve the demographic balance on the one hand, on the other hand, assistance the Russian economy needs a national workforce.

Local rulemaking as a legal basis for the implementation of the policy of sustainable development of the enterprise

The article is devoted to the definition of the concept of the sustainable development policy of the enterprise and the research of the directions of legal support for the implementation of the sustainable development policy at the enterprise using local economic and legal rulemaking.
 On September 25, 2015, the UN General Assembly adopted the development agenda for the period after 2015: «Transforming our world: Agenda for sustainable development until 2030», which formulated 17 sustainable development goals designed to stimulate activities in economic, social and ecological spheres of life. At the national level, the desire to implement the goals of sustainable development is enshrined in the Decree of the President of Ukraine «On the Goals of Sustainable Development of Ukraine for the Period Until 2030» dated September 30, 2019.
 Due to destabilizing factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and a large-scale military invasion by an aggressor country, the urgency of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals has increased. To effectively overcome the negative impact of the above factors, it is advisable to implement the goals of sustainable development not only at the macroeconomic level, but also at the microeconomic level.
 It is considered that the implementation of the goals of sustainable development at the level of a separate economic entity should be carried out using local economic and legal regulation. To ensure the effectiveness of the process of implementing the goals of sustainable development, it can be implemented on the basis of an integrated enterprise policy.
 It was concluded that the policy of sustainable development of the enterprise is a set of measures aimed at the legal support of the development of the enterprise in the economic, ecological, and social spheres of its life activity and contribute to the sustainable development of the enterprise and the achievement of the main goal of its activity.
 Taking into account the complexity underlying the idea of creating an enterprise’s sustainable development policy, it can be formalized in the form of a system of local acts - the main «Sustainable Development Policy Strategy» and its derivatives. The main local act can be approved by the higher management body of the business entity. Derivative local acts can be approved at a lower level - this will contribute to the formation of a legal model that will have: a rigid core, which will contain a strategy for implementing the goals of sustainable development of the enterprise; moving branches that will regulate the rapid tactical steps of the implementation of the specified process and will be promptly adjusted if necessary.

Migrant integration in Turkey: Travels of a concept across borders and domains of knowledge production

Abstract In Turkey, the concept of migrant integration has risen to prominence in both academic and policy fields following the arrival of Syrian refugees. In this article, we first trace the resurgence of migrant integration studies in Western Europe in the past two decades following the decline of the discourse on multiculturalism. We argue that the policy concept of migrant integration has travelled to Turkey as part of the European Union’s (EU) externalization of migration management; however, the term has been reshaped in Turkey through a process of vernacularization as displayed in official documents, programs, and projects funded by the EU and other supranational actors, and policy studies. Although the vernacularized form of integration, named ‘harmonization’, has gained specific connotations in the Turkish context, this article demonstrates that it still carries assimilationist features, since it cannot go beyond the limits of the nation-state as the fundamental unit of analysis, and cannot escape from the binary opposition of native citizens and migrants. The article elucidates how knowledge production by governmental institutions, supranational and international organizations, researchers, and the civil society helps legitimate a certain understanding of integration of migrants into the host society that assumes each group to be homogeneous in terms of socio-economic characteristics and culture, and which emphasizes Islam as a common denominator between the two.

European Integration: Everything New Is Actually Well-Forgotten Old

Introduction: the paper examines the history of the formation and competence of regional economic integration associations after the Second World War. The analysis of the integration processes that took place in the context of the current state of the world economy is given. The question of the viability of those models of integration associations that are still being used by the representatives of the West in opposition to the model proposed by Russia is raised. The purpose of the presented research is to analyze the state of the European system of economic integration with a comparative analysis of models of integration associations and to establish the characteristics and trends of development of such models, as well as to determine the role and place of Russia in integration associations. Methods: the paper was prepared with using the methods of scientific cognition, mainly the method of system analysis, comparative law and historical methods. Results: the most effective and rational strategy for cooperation within the framework of economic integration is to promote the role and effectiveness of existing integration associations (SCO, EAEU, BRICS and others), to attract states to participate in them, which the Russian Federation adheres to in accordance with the provisions of the current Foreign Policy Concept. Conclusions: regional economic integration is a multifaceted phenomenon that can strengthen the geopolitical importance and economy of only individual participants of the association, assist in establishing effective interaction between small and medium-sized (in terms of assessing economic power) states with larger integration entities and, in the case of Russia, contribute to the restoration and development of production, as well as the creation of their own Eurasian TNCs based on existing experience and resource base.

БЮДЖЕТНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ГОСУДАРСТВА: ПОНЯТИЕ, ФУНКЦИИ, ЦЕЛИ, ПРИНЦИПЫ

This article discusses the theoretical foundations of the state's budget policy. The concept of budget policy, its economic essence, and functions are presented. The goals and principles of the state's budget policy are also being considered.

Transformation of the Legal Personality of Participants in Public Legal Relations (on the Example of Executive Authorities)

Such a category as “publicity” implies, first of all, the openness of a certain space of interaction between certain agents, and in this regard, the content of the concept of public policy is determined through free communication between its agents. In Part 3 of Article 132 of the Basic Law, the category “unified system of public power in the Russian Federation” is legally fixed. Public authorities and local self-government bodies are included in this system. At the same time, it is not always possible to orient oneself correctly in the field of the legal personality of the body. Executive authorities carry out two basic functions: an administrative function, within which the powers to execute laws and administrative and administrative powers (including discretionary) are exercised, and a governmental (political) function. Analysis and synthesis, generalization, analogy and modeling. The methods allowed us to build a system of arguments, on the basis of which we came to scientifically sound conclusions and results. The article reflects the legal personality and characteristic features of executive authorities. On the basis of legal personality, competence is formed, which represents a set of legally established ways of performing public functions and is an artificially constructed concept by scientists to characterize the subject of law, consisting of three structural elements: legal capacity, capability and delictability.

Thematic Diversity of Regional News on the TASS News Feed

The article is devoted to the problem of thematic diversity of news content from the regions of the Russian Federation. Based on the agenda setting theory and its special direction “media diversity”, the author explores approaches to its measurement and operationalizes this concept in the context of the TASS regional editorial policy. The presented results of the content analysis allowed to draw conclusions about topics dominated the agency’s agenda for 10 years. Thematic priorities of news from various federal districts have been identified. Quantitative assessments examine the dynamics of the thematic spectrum, both for the country as a whole and at the level of macroregions. The conclusions are drawn that the concept of the agency's regional editorial policy, focused on the maximum variety of content and the disclosure of the information potential of the regions, is not fully implemented in practice, which, in particular, is expressed in an excess of news about emergency and criminal incidents. Nevertheless, the editors were able to introduce into routine practice active information support for topics chosen by the Russian government as strategic, which indicates the flexibility of the agency’s agenda and the potential for greater diversity. In interpreting the data, the author also relies on his own experience as a correspondent and editor of a news agency.

Criminal Law Formulation Policy to Prevent Corporate Crimes Conducting Mining in Forest Areas without Permission

Corporations carrying out mining activities in forest areas are still widespread, the existing laws and regulations currently in force are still not enough to prevent corporate crimes in the criminal sector without a business permit from the central government, which causes the risk of environmental damage and social disadvantage for the community, which means In the absence of harmonious law enforcement in the field, there is a need for a concept to provide legal certainty regarding the burden of criminal liability for violations by corporations carrying out mining activities without a permit through policy formulation to provide certainty. The purpose of this writing is to know, understand, analyze, describe and discover the concept of criminal law formulation policies in preventing corporate crimes that carry out mining activities in forest areas without ministerial permission. The results of this writing, through the Connectivity Legal Theory, will be believed to provide a breath of fresh air in law enforcement within the police in order to ensnare corporations that carry out covert and organized business activities. This will provide certainty in the basic guidelines. It differs in that the interpretation method is still ambiguous from various points of view and is still difficult to apply without basic references in countries that adhere to the continental European legal system. The idea of law enforcement in realizing an Article which still contains ambiguities but is based on other rules can be used as a reference to strengthen the position of the Article with the following provisions: a. Still relevant in law in the same environment; b. Still in the same hierarchy of laws and regulations; c. Connected regulations provide clarity on legal issues in legislative formulation; d. Bag-connected rules provide clarity in criminal liability

ჩინეთ-აშშ-ის ურთიერთობების თავისებურებები

The interaction between China and the US is examined since the current head of the Chinese state – Xi Jinping – came to power. The separate characteristics of the China policies adopted by the Obama, Trump and Biden administrations are examined. China's position and main concepts of foreign policy are discussed as well. The main factors of disagreements between China and the US are discussed. The geopolitical rivalry in the Indo-Pacific region and the Taiwan issue are defined as the two main reasons for the escalation of relations. The dangers of the conflict between China and the US and the necessary factors to reduce the tension are examined.

Investment policy in the context of economic stabilization: concept and implementation directions

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the concept and directions of investment policy implementation in the context of economic stabilization. A refined definition of the concept of state investment policy is proposed. The trends in the development of foreign investment in Ukraine are substantiated and, based on this, directions for improving the investment policy are proposed: ensuring investment security by implementing production accumulations and capital investments at a level that ensures the necessary rates of expanded reproduction, restructuring and technological rearmament of the economy; ensuring proper financing of the scientific and technical sphere; improvement of the legal framework for the regulation of the financial sector of the economy, including improvement of the protection of investors' rights; implementation of the policy of active state protection of national capital positions; identification of priority areas of the economy for investment and providing them with benefits; development of a mechanism for the protection of investors' rights at the state level; promotion of the development of science, scientific-technical and innovative activities; ¾ creation of technoparks with the latest technologies; ensuring active participation in international investment projects, etc. Prospects for further research in this direction are the study of foreign experience in regulating investment activities and attracting foreign investments to the national economy.

Problems of defining the concept and nature of virtual assets as an object of legal regulation in economic activity in Ukraine

The article reveals the problem of defining the concept and nature of virtual assets through the prism of their legal regulation at the national and international levels. The factors determining the use of virtual assets in economic activity around the world and, accordingly, the relevance of the chosen topic of scientific research are determined: informatization of all areas of social life, technological boom, emergence of new information and communication technologies, which can significantly optimize business processes, globalization processes in the international economy, etc. Attention is focused on the lack of a unified approach to defining the concept and legal nature of a virtual asset and the presence of various approaches to solving this issue in national and foreign science of law: identification of virtual assets with the category of virtual currency; definition of a virtual asset through the concept of "information” or "data”; distinguishing the categories "virtual currency” and "virtual assets” as a part and a whole, etc.
 A conclusion was made about the importance of using the classification of virtual assets according to the criterion of their functional purpose for the formation of the mechanism of their differentiated legal regulation. Attention is also focused on the lack of a single legal approach to determining the essence of virtual assets in the Ukrainian legal system. There were analyzed relevant provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Virtual Assets”, the draft Concept of State Policy in the Field of Virtual Assets, drafts of the Law "On the Circulation of Cryptocurrencies in Ukraine” No. 7183 dated 06.10.2017, the Law "On Stimulating the Market of Cryptocurrencies and Their Derivatives in Ukraine” No. 7183 dated 10.10.2017 and the Law "On Amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine (regarding stimulation of the market of cryptocurrencies and their derivatives in Ukraine)” No. 7246 dated 30.10.2017 in the article. Attention is also focused on the need to harmonize the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On Virtual Assets” in terms of defining a virtual asset as an object of civil rights. As the conclusions of the conducted scientific research, the author identified the conceptual problems of defining the essence and nature of virtual assets as an object of legal regulation and proposed specific ways to solve some of them, namely: specification of the legal definition of virtual assets in the Law of Ukraine No. 2074-IX; consolidation of the legal definition of the nature of the virtual asset; legislative consolidation of activity in the field of virtual assets and virtual currencies in the Classifier of types of economic activity, etc.

Resocialization of convicts as a strategic goal of the criminal-executive system through the prism of determining the criminal-executive policy

The article presents the author's vision of the problem of resocialization of convicts as a strategic goal for the criminal-executive system, determined by the state's criminal-executive policy. In the course of the research, controversial issues of interpretation of such definitions as: "policy", "anti­criminal policy”, "criminal enforcement policy", "resocialization of convicts" were considered.
 In the process of research, attention is focused on the specifics of the doctrinal definition of a multifaceted social phenomenon - politics, which made it possible to formulate the author's view on the concept of anti-criminal policy. The author proposes to consider it as a practice of subjects authorized by the people of the country to develop the state's general line regarding the impact on crime, which covers the definition of the main concept (strategy) of the directions and means of its implementation, the allocation of the necessary resources for this, and the implementation of control and supervision over its implementation in life
 Based on the given generic concept and modern doctrinal positions, the author formulates an understanding of criminal enforcement policy as a separate type of anti-criminal policy, which is manifested in the activities of authorized subjects to determine strategic goals, principles of operation, tasks for the system of execution and serving of punishments, means their achievement, as well as control and supervision of the process of implementing such plans.
 In the future, taking into account the results of the above analysis of legislative norms regulating the distribution of powers of state bodies in the field of internal policy formation, the author specified the criminal enforcement policy as the activity of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to define strategic goals, principles of operation, tasks for the system of execution and serving of punishments, means for their achievement, as well as the implementation of parliamentary control over the process of implementing such plans.
 The review of the normative essence of the resocialization of convicts through the prism of the given definition of criminal enforcement policy made it possible to reveal its role as a strategic target guide for the punitive mechanism of the state. Further consideration of the legal concept of resocialization of convicts, enshrined in the Criminal Enforcement Law, revealed the fact that its content is presented ambiguously, as well as in general such that it cannot be defined by signs. Based on the results of the research, the author makes a statement about the potential impossibility of the criminal-executive system, no matter what conditions it creates for the correction of convicts, to achieve its strategic goal - the resocialization of persons serving a sentence.