Concept Of Medicine Research Articles

Application of Biophysical Properties of Meridians in the Visualization of Pericardium Meridian.

The biophysical properties of the meridian system, an important concept of traditional Chinese medicine, include low impedance, resounding voice, and high acoustic conductance, all of which are helpful for elucidating the essence of meridians. To visualize the human pericardium meridian (PC) based on the resounding voice property of meridians. Visualization of the PC was performed by injection of fluorescein sodium at the PC6 acupoint (Neiguan) on the PC. Before injection, percussion active points (PAPs) were identified by the virtue of their resounding voice properties. After injection, the trajectories of fluorescein migration throughout the body surface were recorded and analyzed. The distribution of fluorescein in the tissue was further studied using cross-sections of hind limbs of mini-pigs, in which fluorescein was injected into low impedance points. The identified PAP lines were colocalized with PC. Following intradermal fluorescein injection, 1-3 fluorescent lines, which were unrelated to the arm veins, were observed in 7 of 10 participants; 85.4% of fluorescent signals were coincident with PAPs and their intensity had a negative correlation with the body mass index (r = -0.56, p = 0.045). Cross-sections showed a Y-shaped fluorescence pattern where the two migration lines on the surface were the two vertices of the "Y." The trajectories of fluorescein in the body are suggestive of the anatomical structure of meridians. The PC is related to the deep horizontal interstitial channels that connect to the body surface through vertical interstitial spaces. These biophysical properties and techniques for meridian visualization are valuable for revealing the anatomical structure of meridians.

THE INFLUENCE OF BUDDHIST ON THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SHAOLIN CULTURE

The localization and development of Buddhism in China owe much to the efforts and contributions of eminent Indian monks such as Bodhidharma in propagating Indian Buddhism. Within the development of Buddhism at Shaolin Temple, the complex theoretical doctrines and strict disciplines gradually faded away, giving rise to a unique Zen culture. The emphasis on physical practice and the cultivation of both internal and external aspects in Buddhism aligns well with the philosophy of Shaolin Kungfu, ultimately forming the distinctive system of Shaolin Kungfu. The integration of the medicine concept from Buddhism with traditional Chinese medicine resulted in the theoretical framework and treatment methods of Shaolin medicine. Moreover, the influence of Buddhist culture extends to the temple culture, pagoda forest culture, and stone inscription culture of Shaolin Temple. The methodological approach of this research is the qualitative research techniques with historical analytical method. The main objective of this research is to understand the influence of Buddhist on the formation and development of Shaolin culture. Keywords: Buddhism; Shaolin culture; Chan (Zen) culture; Kungfu culture; Medical culture

“They'll take a gun to me before I get that shot”: Rationalization, emotions, and misinformation in COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy

AbstractVaccine hesitancy—the reluctance, delay, or refusal to vaccinate regardless of availability—is not a new concept in psychology, medicine, or public health. However, given the emotions surrounding the COVID‐19 vaccine, hesitancy has proven difficult to overcome. To‐date, the bulk of available data on vaccine hesitancy are quantitative, leaving room for exploratory investigations into the reasons adults remain unvaccinated. This qualitative study assessed the motivations, beliefs, and perceptions of individuals who have decided to remain unvaccinated against COVID‐19. We had one exploratory research question: What social psychological justifications emerge from vaccine hesitant people's explanations of their decisions to remain unvaccinated? To assess this question, we conducted 18 interviews with unvaccinated adults throughout 2021–2022. The interviews consisted of 20 questions regarding participants' perceptions of the COVID‐19 vaccine and their intentions to get vaccinated. Thematic analysis revealed four main themes in the answers provided by participants: rationalization; identity, beliefs and potential modifiers; emotional responses; and information sources. These results offer insight for future vaccination efforts.

Urgent call for guidance supporting gene-based drug dosing in children and adolescents.

In the past decade, there have been tremendous advancements in the field of genomics that have led to significant progress in redefining the concept of precision medicine. Pharmacogenetics (PGx) is one of the most promising areas of precision medicine and is the 'low hanging fruit' of this individualized approach to medication dosing and selection. Although a variety of regulatory health agencies and professional consortia have established PGx clinical practice guidelines, implementation has been slow given numerous barriers faced by health care professionals. Many lack the training needed to interpret PGx and there are no paediatric specific guidelines. As the field of PGx continues to grow, an emphasis on collaborative inter-professional education, coupled with ongoing efforts to increase accessibility to advancing testing technology are necessary to translate this branch of precision medicine from the bench to the bedside.

Value-Based Executive Medicine: Future Practice, Ethics, and Impact

Taking care of Very Important Persons (VIPs) has always been a contentious area of medicine. Access to private healthcare in privileged classes is often linked to socioeconomic status, and the concept role of executive health medicine has emerged. The provision of care for VIP patients requires innovative approaches to assure that their status does not influence the quality of care they receive, and this is precisely what physicians should aim for while providing Executive VIP care. This review intends to highlight the important characteristics of Executive Medicine and the future of VIP Executive Medicine operating within a Value-Based Healthcare system. We have proposed a model of value-based executive medicine in this review in an attempt to describe the basic concept of executive medicine and its various dimensions. This model is inspired by the value-based healthcare delivery framework of Michael Porter and various executive health programs offered by academic medical centers in the United States of America.

A review of applications of artificial intelligence in veterinary medicine

Artificial intelligence is a newer concept in veterinary medicine than human medicine, but its existing benefits illustrate the significant potential it may also have in this field. This article reviews the application of artificial intelligence to various fields of veterinary medicine. Successful integration of different artificial intelligence strategies can offer practical solutions to issues, such as time pressure, in practice. Several databases were searched to identify literature on the application of artificial intelligence in veterinary medicine. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied to obtain relevant papers. There was evidence for an acceleration of artificial intelligence research in recent years, particularly for diagnostics and imaging. Some of the benefits of using artificial intelligence included standardisation, increased efficiency, and a reduction in the need for expertise in particular fields. However, limitations identified in the literature included a requirement for ideal situations for artificial intelligence to achieve accuracy and other inherent, unresolved issues. Ethical considerations and a hesitancy to engage with artificial intelligence, by both the public and veterinarians, are further barriers that must be addressed for artificial intelligence to be fully integrated in daily practice. The rapid growth in artificial intelligence research substantiates its potential to improve veterinary practice.

Precision medicine in oncology: what contribution to clinical practice?

The concept of precision medicine refers to strategies that are designed to provide prevention and treatment based on the characteristics of each patient and the disease. One of the fields where the process of personalization has been very successful is oncology. The path between theory and clinical practice is, however, long and might be shortened by switching methodology, diagnostics, data collection and analysis, and placing a focus on patient-centered care.

Hot topics and fresh look on old problems: A new vision of the Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders

We would like to announce a new vision of the Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders. Thanks to the contribution by former Editors-in-Chief, Associate Editors, and Editorial Board members, as well as all Readers we have a stable base and our journal is still growing. Today, it is safe to say that the journal has already matured and that it has a specific goal, specific groups of authors and readers—each of them is unique. The audience of our magazine mostly includes clinicians and scientists dealing with the subject of broadly understood gynecology with an emphasis on minimally-invasive gynecology, as well as the issues of pathophysiology, particularly comprising the topic of endometriosis, pelvic pain, reproduction, uterine fibroids, or some parts of endocrinology or gynecological oncology. Currently, our journal publishes a high quality peer-reviewed basic and clinical original research articles and critical reviews focusing specifically on the diagnosis, medical, and surgical treatment of endometriosis, adenomyosis, and associated disorders in all their multidimensional aspects. In our strategy for the forthcoming years, we will especially keep place for the most important current problems, controversial or unresolved topics in particular, which are not lacking in case of such a poorly understood pathology as endometriosis, pelvic pain, or uterine fibroids. To sum up, we believe that our journal will surely continue developing in all most important areas of clinical and scientific publishing—these mean standards, basic research, translational medicine, and clinical concept.

WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Chinese Medicine: Use in Context, Creatively

WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Chinese Medicine: Use in Context, Creatively

The Inheritance and Development of Chinese Narrative Medicine Practice to the Philosophical Wisdom of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Starting from the inheritance and promotion of Chinese life philosophy and traditional Chinese medicine wisdom by Chinese narrative medicine practice, this paper discusses the inheritance and echo relationship between the “close textual reading ability” in Chinese narrative medicine practice and the “four diagnoses” in traditional Chinese medicine wisdom, narrative mediation and the “mind-body holistic philosophy” in traditional Chinese medicine, and narrative wisdom and Dao Sheng in Chinese life philosophy. Meanwhile, by analyzing the stories of contemporary doctors’ practice of narrative intelligence, this paper expounds that Chinese narrative medicine is a new model of medical education and clinical practice based on the absorption of Chinese traditional life wisdom and the essence of traditional Chinese medicine culture, and the integration of western narrative medicine concepts. It also advocates Chinese scholars to actively build the discipline of “narrative traditional Chinese medicine,” constantly translate the academic achievements to foreign countries, and create a good narrative ecology of traditional Chinese medicine.

Organising work in neonatal transfer: Optimising place of care for babies born moderately preterm.

The organisation of neonatal units into geographically-based networks that offer different levels of care is intended to ensure babies receive the care they need via transfers between different units. In this article, we explore the significant organisational work required in practice to accomplish such transfers. Conducted within a wider study of optimal place of care for babies born between 27 and 31weeks' gestation, we draw on ethnographic work exploring the accomplishment of transfers in this complex care context. We undertook fieldwork in six neonatal units across two networks in England, representing 280hours of observation and formal interviews with 15 health-care professionals. Drawing on Strauss etal.'s concept of the social organisation of medicine and Allen's concept of 'organising work', we identify three distinct forms of such work central to the successful accomplishment of a neonatal transfer: (1) 'matchmaking', to identify a suitable transfer location; (2) 'transfer articulation', to successfully effect the planned transfer; and (3) 'parent engagement', to support parents through the transfer process. Our findings build on and extend Strauss etal. and Allen's work by both highlighting the different forms of 'organising work' undertaken in this clinical context and the distribution of such work across different professional groups.

Evidence-based versus expertise-based medicine in orthopedic and trauma surgery : There is nothing more practical than agood theory

About aquarter of acentury after the introduction of the concept and principles of evidence-based medicine (EbM), some healthcare providers are still adamant that these are incompatible with knowledge gained through experience. Across the surgical disciplines, it is often argued EbM underestimates or neglects the importance of intuition and surgical skills. To put it bluntly, these assumptions are wrong and often characterized by a misunderstanding of the methodology of EbM. Even the best controlled trial cannot be properly interpreted or implemented without clinical reasoning; furthermore, clinicians of all disciplines are obligated to provide care according to the current state of scientific knowledge. In an era of revolutionary biomedical developments, exponential increase of research but incremental innovations, they must become familiar with pragmatic tools to appraise the validity and relevance of clinical study results, and to decide whether there is aneed to adapt current beliefs and practices based on the new information. We herein use the recent example of anew medical device for the surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears and subacromial impingement syndrome to illustrate how important it is to interpret data in the context of aprecise, answerable question and to combine clinical expertise with methodological principles offered by EbM.

Precision Medicine: An Emerging Approach for Patient Care

The philosophy behind contemporary healthcare is that one size fits all. Unfortunately, the outcomes of a standardized treatment regimen are not always uniform. That’s where the concept of precision medicine comes in. According to the Precision Medicine Initiative, precision medicine is “an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person.” This approach allow doctors and researchers to predict more accurately which treatment and prevention strategies for a particular disease will work in which groups of people and is in contrast to a one-size-fits-all approach, in which disease treatment and prevention strategies are developed for the average person, with less consideration for the differences between individuals. Although the term “precision medicine” is relatively new, the concept has been a part of healthcare for many years. For example, a person who needs a blood transfusion is not given blood from a randomly selected donor; instead, the donor’s blood type is matched to the recipient to reduce the risk of complications. The adoption of precision medicine will grow because its benefits to healthcare providers and patients are numerous. The highlighting ones are to shift the emphasis in medicine from reaction to prevention, predict susceptibility to disease, improve disease detection, preempt disease progression, customize disease-prevention strategies, prescribe more effective drugs, avoid prescribing drugs with predictable side effects and so on.The goal of precision medicine is to target the right treatments to the right patients at the right time. The short-term goals involve expanding precision medicine in the area of cancer research. Researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) hope to use an increased knowledge of the genetics and biology of cancer to find new, more effective treatments for various forms of this disease. The long-term goals of the Precision Medicine Initiative focus on bringing precision medicine to all areas of health and healthcare on a large scale. Insufficient technologies, limited knowledge, and gaps in research are major obstacles to adding precision medicine to routine clinical care. Advances in precision medicine have already led to powerful new discoveries and FDA-approved treatments that are tailored to specific characteristics of individuals. Patients with a variety of cancers routinely undergo molecular testing as part of patient care, enabling physicians to select treatments that improve chances of survival and reduce exposure to adverse effects. Precision medicine will timely enable clinicians to integrate healthcare data with targeted assays and tests to identify and assess disease biomarkers and risks, determine actionable genetic variants in patients, obtain the entire picture of the metabolome, and map metabolites to disease pathways. Implementof precision medicine as a holistic approach, requires integration of genetic, genomic, clinical, environmental and life-style data using mechanistic models that are complex, and must be built from the ground up. The scientific approach would be to perform analysis of individual genomes giving rise to a new form of preventive and personalised medicine in healthcare. Availability of gene-based designer drugs, precise targeting of molecular fingerprints for disease, appropriate drug therapy, predicting individual susceptibility to disease, diagnosis, and treatment of illness are all a few of the many transformations expected in the decade to come. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 201

Recommendations of the committee on complementary medicine and nutrition in ayurvedic medicine, homeopathy, nutrition and Mediterranean diet

Methods of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are appealing for many patients with rheumatic diseases. The scientific data are currently characterized by alarge number of publications that stand in contrast to aremarkable shortage of valid clinical studies. The applications of CAM procedures are situated in an area of conflict between efforts for an evidence-based medicine and high-quality therapeutic concepts on the one hand and ill-founded or even dubious offers on the other hand. In 2021 the German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh) launched acommittee for CAM and nutrition, which aims to collect and to evaluate the current evidence for CAM applications and nutritional medical interventions in rheumatology, in order to elaborate recommendations for the clinical practice. The current article presents recommendations for nutritional interventions in the rheumatological routine for four areas: nutrition, Mediterranean diet, ayurvedic medicine and homeopathy.

Perspectives of Food as Medicine Concept: Report of an Online Convenience Sample Survey of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists

BackgroundIn 2019, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy) Foundation launched a project to leverage registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) leading “food as medicine” (FAM) initiatives within food retail settings. Subsequently, a conceptual definition of FAM was created. ObjectiveThis survey aimed to gauge RDNs’ familiarity with FAM, assess RDNs’ perceptions of the Academy’s FAM definition, and prioritize program models for food retail implementation. DesignDevelopment and testing of this cross-sectional survey involved expert content validation, cognitive interviews, and field testing. ParticipantsOne thousand five hundred fifty-two RDN Academy members completed the online survey. Main outcome measuresFamiliarity and perception of FAM was evaluated by asking participants about FAM focus areas, Academy definition, concept integration, and FAM program models within food retail settings. Statistical analyses performedQuantitative results were analyzed descriptively, using frequencies and proportions; content analysis was used on qualitative results to analyze open-ended responses. ResultsMost respondents had heard the term FAM (94%) and were familiar with the concept (95%). Before learning the Academy’s FAM definition, RDN views of the concept aligned with the definition’s strategic focus areas (health and well-being, disease management and treatment, nutrition security, food safety). Overall, 77% of RDNs surveyed had a positive perception of the Academy’s FAM definition. Sixty-nine percent also found food retail settings favorable for integrating FAM programming. Because of the limited number of RDNs identifying food retail as their primary practice setting (n = 12), data on prioritizing program models in these settings were not analyzed. ConclusionsRDNs in all practice settings can incorporate strategic focus areas outlined in the Academy’s FAM definition. Further research is needed, particularly around use of the term by the RDN profession. A follow-up survey targeting a larger sample size of RDNs who practice in food retail settings is also necessary to further prioritize FAM program models in these settings.

The Pharmacological Usage of Panchadeepakini Chooranam for Respiratory Ailments

An old Indian traditional medical practice called Siddha developed in South India. The Lord typically serves as the source of the system. It is believed that Goddess Parvathi, represented by Lord Shiva, received the Siddha system's knowledge from the Almighty, who then passed it on to Nandikeswara. Nandikeswara was appointed to set up for the framework to be spread in the midst of humankind thus, he obediently granted the information to Sage Agastya. Agastya gave all of the relevant information to his various disciples, who helped spread the system around the world. Diet and lifestyle play a significant role in both health and disease treatment, according to the Siddha medicine system. Pathiyam and Apathiyam refer to this Siddha medicine concept, which is essentially a rule-based system with a list of "dos and don'ts.” The aim of this review article is to explore the scientific literary evidence for the therapeutic usage of Panchadeepakini chooranam for (Silethuma Noi/Kaba Noi) as mentioned in Citta Vaittiya Tirattu and to assign effort to entity the pharmacological activity for the curative nature of the drug. Most of the raw drugs used for the preparation of Panchadeepakini chooranam have bronchodilatory activity, anti-tussive activity, anti-allergic activity, immunomodulatory activity, anti-histamine activity hence justifying its usage in respiratory illness.

Critical Evaluation of Concept of Genetics in Ayurveda WSR to Eight Undesired Body Types (Ashta Nindit)

Ayurveda is an ancient medical science of India. The roots of many concepts of modern medicine are deep seated in Ayurveda. Genetics is one such concept which has its roots in Ayurveda. The word ‘Gene’ probably have developed from the word ’Genesis’ which in turn might have evolved from the Sanskrit word ‘Janana’ which literally means to produce medicine. Ayurveda also says that as per the maternal and paternal genetic influence during embryogenesis, organs with maternal and paternal make up shapes up. Ayurveda is of the view that during this process of embryogenesis, if any part of the Beeja (zygote) gets affected, then the genetic abnormality of that part is noticed in later life. Prakriti (Typical body types) is one such concept which is genetically determined during the process of embryogenesis. In Ayurveda, hereditary disorders are referred to as “Adibala Pravrutta Vikara”. The eight undesired body types, mentioned in Ayurveda such as Ati Deergha (Long stature), Ati Hrasva (Short stature), Ati Sthula (Hereditary obesity), Ati Krusha (Hereditary leanness), Ati Gaura (Hereditary Albinism), Ati Krushna (Hereditary Hypermelanosis), Ati Loma (Hereditary Hypertrichosis), A Loma (Hereditary Hypotrichosis) may be categorized under Adibala Pravrutta Vikaras. (Hereditary Diseases). The present study aims to study the concept of eight undesired body types with respect to their genetic inheritance in the light of modern medical advances in genetics. It is observed and concluded that the concept of genetics is very well mentioned in Ayurveda and the eight undesired body types have genetic predisposition.

Analysis of the mechanism of propagated sensation along meridians based on gene expression profiles.

Propagated sensation along meridians (PSM) is an important basis for the formation of the meridian theory, but its mechanism is still unclear. The study explored the mechanism of PSM from the perspective of gene expression. PSM induced by moxibustion was determined and classified according to the Modern Study of Meridians of Chinese Medicine. Seven subjects with obvious PSM (obvious PSM group) and five subjects with unobvious PSM (unobvious PSM group) were selected from 33 healthy volunteers according to the scores in their infrared radiant track along meridians (IRRTM) and the degree of subjective transduction. Agilent Human 4×44K Gene Expression Microarrays V2 were used to detect the whole genome expression profile of subjects in the two groups. KEGG and GO were applied to analyze differentially expressed genes. Compared with the unobvious PSM group, 120 genes were differentially expressed in the obvious PSM group, including 76 up-regulated and 44 down-regulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in dopaminergic synapse, 5-hydroxychrominable synapse, glutamatergic synapse, calcium release channel, gap junction, and adherens junction pathways. The study provides a comprehensive set of gene expression data of subjects with obvious PSM, which indicates that the molecular basis of PSM may be closely related to neurotransmitters, calcium ions and cell junction pathways. This study combines the holistic concept of traditional Chinese medicine with modern molecular biology technology to explore the molecular mechanism of PSM from the perspective of genomics, which may shed new insights into the molecular mechanism of PSM.

Pharmaceutical care model in precision medicine in China

Pharmacy service is to provide individualized pharmaceutical care for patients, which should follow the current evidence-based pharmacy, and constantly verify the evidence and then produce new evidence. In pharmaceutical care, differences are often found in the efficacy and adverse reactions of drugs among individuals, even within individuals, which are closely related to patient's genetics, liver and kidney functions, disease states, and drug interactions. Back in the 1980s, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been applied to routinely monitor the blood drug concentration of patients taking antiepileptic drugs or immunosuppressants after transplantation to provide individualized dosage recommendations and accumulate a large amount of pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) data. As individualized pharmaceutical care proceeds, the concept of precision medicine was introduced into pharmacy services in combination with evidence-based pharmacy, PK/PD theories and big data to further promote the TDM technology and drugs, and carry out pharmacogenomics analysis. The TDM and pharmacogenomics have been applied gradually to the fields of antimicrobial, antitumor and antipsychotic drugs and immunosuppressants. Based on the concept of precision pharmacy, we adpoted approaches including PK/PD, quantitative pharmacology, population pharmacokinetics, and big data machine learning to provide more personalized pharmacy services, which is mainly for special patients, such as critical patients, patients with interaction risk of multiple drugs, patients with liver and renal insufficiency, pregnant women, children and elderly patients. As the service pattern of precision pharmacy has been constructed and constantly improved, better evidence in clinical practice will be produced to provide patients with better precision pharmacy service.

UNDERSTANDING OF OJA IN MODERN PERSPECTIVE

Oja is a concept in Ayurvedic medicine that refers to the vital energy or essence that is believed to be responsible for the bodys strength, immunity, and overall vitality. The integration of the concept of Oja with modern medicine is still being studied, but some researchers believe that it could be useful in understanding the bodys immune response and in the development of remedies for conditions related to immunity and vitality. However, more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between Oja and modern concepts and to determine the effectiveness of any potential treatments.