Training Concept Research Articles

Youth Employability Training Model from the Perspective of Education Poverty Reduction in Kenya and Its Enlightenment to China

Abstract Since the 21st century, the solution of poverty has become the focus of international assistance. And education is considered as one of the important ways to reduce poverty, more and more attention by international organizations and developing countries. Kenya, as one of the countries with the backwardness but most promising economic and social development in East Africa. It has received the attention of the World Bank. With the assistance of the World Bank, the Government of Kenya launched the KYEP project on the basis of Vision 2030, which is based on the training concept of “Education poverty reduction for youth entrepreneurship and employment”, with the goal of “Empowering young people in employment”, implementing a demand-oriented “four-in-one” skills training course through cooperative training of the World Bank and the Government of Kenya and the private sector, and ensuring the effectiveness of the project through the establishment of a multi-entity cooperative training guarantee mechanism. Practice shows that KYEP highlights Kenya’s demand-oriented approach and has achieved remarkable results in addressing youth unemployment and education for poverty reduction.

Prevention of mental disorders in children, adolescents and young adults—a needs assessment for the development of training concepts for professionals

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel Fachkräfte in verschiedenen Bereichen der Jugendhilfe (z. B. Kitas, Schulsozialarbeit, Beratungsstellen) müssen auf psychische Auffälligkeiten bei ihren jungen Klienten reagieren. Generische Schulungen werden bereichsspezifischen Herausforderungen jedoch oft nicht gerecht. Als Grundlage für ein zielgruppenspezifisches Schulungskonzept wurde daher herausgearbeitet, welchen Schulungsbedarf Fachkräfte in 8 verschiedenen Bereichen der Jugendhilfe haben. Methoden Es wurden 7 Fokusgruppen mit insgesamt n = 28 Fachkräften der einzelnen Bereiche durchgeführt (2 Bereiche zusammengelegt). Alle Diskussionen wurden aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und anonymisiert. Die Transkripte wurden in Anlehnung an die inhaltlich strukturierende qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz deduktiv-induktiv ausgewertet. Ergebnisse In allen Bereichen der Jugendhilfe gibt es Schulungsbedarf zur psychischen Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen als auch zu psychischen Erkrankungen. In den meisten Bereichen gibt es Schulungsbedarf zu Eltern mit psychischen Erkrankungen, zur Medienkompetenz und zu psychosozialen Hilfesystemen. Einige Bereiche benennen den Umgang mit Krisensituationen und Gesprächstechniken. Bereichsspezifische Themen sind Sexualität und Aufklärung, pornographische Inhalte, Transgeschlechtlichkeit, Bundesteilhabegesetz und altersgerechte Angebotserstellung. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Obwohl etablierte Themen wie psychische Entwicklung und Erkrankungen bereits in der Ausbildung sozialpädagogischer Fachkräfte verankert sind, scheint eine große Unsicherheit zu bestehen. Vereinzelt sind auch neue Themen aufgekommen. In den verschiedenen Bereichen der Jugendhilfe sollte ein Themenmix Gegenstand eines Schulungskonzepts zur Prävention psychischer Störungen sein.

Enhancing adversarial robustness for deep metric learning via neural discrete adversarial training

Due to the security concerns arising from adversarial vulnerability in deep metric learning models, it is essential to enhance their adversarial robustness for secure neural network software development. Existing defense strategies utilize adversarial triplets to enhance adversarial robustness but sacrifice benign performance. This paper proposes a novel framework for enhancing adversarial robustness and maintaining benign performance by introducing the concept of Neural Discrete Adversarial Training (NDAT) for deep metric learning. NDAT employs VQGAN to transform the adversarial triplets into discrete inputs and then minimizes metric loss function on discrete adversarial triplets. NDAT aligns discrete adversarial examples more closely with clean samples, significantly reducing distribution deviation from their clean counterparts. Moreover, the visual explanations reveal that NDAT maintains consistent attention maps between benign and adversarial triplets and concentrates on structure details and object location perturbations. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we combine NDAT with popular adversarial methods under various perturbation iterations and intensities. Experiment evaluations on three benchmark databases illustrate that our proposed framework for deep metric learning significantly outperforms state-of-the-art defense approaches in terms of both adversarial robustness and benign performance.

Educational Training: A Genuinely Historical Concept and a Disciplinary Field Under Construction

Concepts have a polysemic nature, meaning that they are interpreted in different ways, depending on disciplinary fields and diverse elements such as intentions, historical periods, rationalities, life stories, cosmogonies, prejudices, ideologies, among other aspects. In this case, the concept of educational training is not the exception. Therefore, it becomes necessary to build its history and identify the meanings embedded in it by the authors who study it. This will allow to avoid the reduction and restriction of its meaning. The purpose of the present work is to reflect on the concept of educational training with the intention of showing both its polysemic nature and the implications it has with the people who interpret it. It has been prepared considering the results obtained from the research "Educational Training, a concept vitalized by Gadamer" and "The notions of training in researchers", which are based on the statements and privileged axes of analysis of the states of knowledge of the Mexican educational research and recent findings. The work is theoretical, and descriptive analysis is privileged, the approach is interpretive, and it is aimed at identifying the similarities and differences of a set of training notions. It is also based on assessing the degree of involvement between the person as its being trained and the person as it elaborates notions about it own training. Among the results obtained are the following: the concept of educational training is historical because it has been interpreted within different historical periods, disciplinary fields, research perspectives and life history of the people who study it. Also, the notions of educational training developed are characterized by the involvement that the person has when living it and conceptualizing it. The work concludes by stating that the construction of the history of the concept of training is under construction by people interested in the subject. The contributions made through the notions are the references to identify the evolution of the concept and the efforts to enable its original meaning and avoid the reduction and restriction of its meaning by evoking the instrumental meaning.

Evaluation of "Foundation of Thermal Engineering" Based on Engineering Certification and OBE

In order to meet the requirements of current engineering certification and OBE concept of talent training, a trinity teaching link of basic thermal theory teaching, experiment and course design is constructed for the course of " Foundation of thermal engineering ", and the teaching content of "Engineering Thermodynamics" and "Heat Transfer" is integrated according to the graduation requirements of mechanical design majors for mastering basic theoretical knowledge and solving problems. It proposes the in-depth course objectives from understanding basic concepts and laws to building models to solve and analyze related phenomena, engineering problems and influence laws, determines the assessment requirements and achievement evaluation methods, and gives continuous improvement measures. An output-oriented thermal engineering basic course evaluation system is helpful to the cultivation of students' innovation and practical ability, and to realize the integration with international education.

The Relationship Between Parenting Patterns and Toilet Training Skills in Pre-School Children at Paud Kober Al-Husa Tambak Kibin Serang

Background: Indonesia in 2017 is known that the number of children under five in 2016 amounted to 30%, out of 258,704,986 people in Indonesia there are 75 million people who fall into the category of pre-school age children. namely, children who experience conditions unable to control urination and defecation independently. This condition occurs because parents are unable to toilet train their children, therefore this happens because children do not understand the concept of toilet training which should be done independently. Indonesia also has 50% (52,226) cases of bedwetting problems that occur in children. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between parenting patterns and toilet training skills in preschool children.Methods: This type of research is correlative analytic research with Cross-Sectional design. The research sample using purposive sampling obtained a sample of 47 respondents. The research instruments used were the parenting questionnaire and the toilet training ability questionnaire. Univariate data were analyzed descriptively and bivariate data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: the results of the Chi-Square test obtained a P-Value of 0.01 is smaller than the significant value (a=0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that there is a relationship between parenting patterns and toilet training skills of preschool children

A Process-Based Approach to Transtheoretical Clinical Research and Training.

The science and practice of psychopathology and psychological intervention of today is more like an island archipelago than it is a single land mass, and connections between different traditions are both limited and fraught with misunderstanding. Our analysis and solution to the problem is process-based therapy (PBT). PBT defines psychopathology as failed adaptation processes to a given context. Therapy involves adaptation through context-dependent or context-altering applications of biopsychosocial strategies that allows a goal to be met. This coherent approach to more transtheoretical and integrative concepts of clinical training and practice provides a firm foundation by targeting biopsychosocial processes of change, analyzing these processes using an idiographic complex network analytic approach, and organizing findings on the intellectual agora of multi-dimensional and multi-level evolutionary science. PBT is a new empirical form of functional analysis, resulting in interventions and trainings that are built on elements or kernels of direct relevance to client's specific needs. In PBT, case formulation continues as long as treatment persists.

The new continuing education regulations-A challenge for visceral surgery : Results of a survey among DGAV members and solution strategies of the Young Surgeons

The new competency-based further training regulations (nWBO) for surgical training have been adopted by all German state medical associations. From May to June 2023 the Young Surgeons' Working Group (CAJC) conducted an anonymous online survey among the 5896 members of the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV). The survey aimed to assess expectations regarding the nWBO and to develop strategies for enhancing surgical training. With 488 participants (response rate 8.3%) the study is representative. The respondents consisted of 107 continuing education assistants (WBA 21.9%), 69specialist physicians, and 188 senior physicians (specialist physicians 14.1% and senior physicians 38.5%), as well as 107 chief physicians (21.9%). The majority worked in regular care providers (44%), followed by maximum care providers (26.8%) and university clinics (20.1%). Only 22% considered the required operative spectrum of the new medical specialist training regulations (nWBO) to be realistic. Half of the respondents believed that full training in their clinic according to the new catalog will no longer be possible and 54.6% considered achieving the target numbers in 6 years to be impossible or state that they can no longer train the same number of continuing education assistants (WBAs) in the same time frame. Endoscopy (17.1-18.8%), fundoplication (15.4-17.7%) and head and neck procedures (12.1-17.1%) were consistently mentioned as bottlenecks across all levels of care. Rotations for balance were reported to be already established or not necessary in 64.7%. In 48% it was stated that the department had established the partial steps concept. The importance of astructured training concept was considered important by 85% of WBAs, compared to 53.3% of chief physicians (CÄ). If astructured training concept was present in the department, the achievability of the target numbers was significantly assessed more positively in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, male gender and the status of "habilitated/professor" were independent factors for amore positive assessment of the nWBO. Objective certification of training was considered important by 51.5%. Concerns surround the nWBO and the sentiment is pessimistic. Additional requirements and hospital reforms could exacerbate the situation. Collaboration and rotations are crucial but still insufficiently implemented. Quality-oriented certification could enhance the quality of training.

Corporate training in commercial banks: trends in the foreign financial sector

Currently, many organizations see an urgent need for systematic and targeted development of the skills and abilities of their employees, and are reviewing their training concepts and strategies, since changes in the external and internal organizational environment require adaptation to new processes, procedures, technologies and systems. Commercial banks are no exception to this rule. International studies reflecting the practice of personnel policy and human resource management in the largest banks in the world, such as JP Morgan, Bank of America, Citigroup, KCB, Equity, Pan–African Bank, Bank of Africa, etc., show that corporate training is highly appreciated by employees, is perceived as a mechanism of motivation and employee loyalty, helps reduce turnover personnel and increase the productivity of their work. Thus, personnel development through corporate training programs becomes a necessary and integral part of the personnel policy of modern companies in the banking sector, integrated into the strategy of corporate training and personnel policy in the unity of strategic goals and objectives of general management.

When failure is not an option: a police firearms training concept for improving decision-making in shoot/don't shoot scenarios.

Sometimes, policing requires a quick and correct assessment of potentially hazardous situations. The training of tactical gaze control and visual attention, and its positive impact on efficient shoot/don't shoot decisions in police cadets' use of firearms has recently been demonstrated. On this basis, we designed an individual videobased police firearms training that was grounded on the Four-Component Instructional Design Model (4C/ID). We shifted toward an individual blended learning approach where we applied an intervention training focused on situational awareness, tactical gaze control, and visual attention. In a preregistered lab experiment, N = 45 senior police officers were randomly allocated to the intervention training or an active control training that resembled a traditional police firearms training. Both groups watched a self-produced educational video before proceeding to the practical training in our indoor firing range. In a pre- and post-test, they engaged in realistic shoot/don't shoot video scenarios. Both groups did very well regarding decision-making, the optimal muzzle position, and the tactical conduct to keep both eyes open before shooting. Although both groups performed on a comparable level in the pre-test's shoot scenarios, the intervention group significantly improved their response times and time until the first hit. Overall, we were able to provide an adapted, didactically based police firearms training that supplements current standards. We demonstrated that experts are still susceptible to innovative training concepts and therefore substantiate the recommendation to devote more attention to approaches that emphasize the importance of situational awareness, tactical gaze control, and visual attention in police firearms training.

Practical training concept for perfusionists at the heart and diabetes center Nordrhein-Westfalen.

Increasing regulations and requirements of advisory bodies, in particular the Joint Federal Committee and the Medical Service of the health insurance funds, make it necessary to employ only demonstrably well-trained perfusionists. The minimum requirement for this staff is EBCP certification. Currently there is limited availability of such specialists on the German market. Therefore, the qualification of young people in this area is of central importance. The aim of this paper is to strengthen the training of perfusionists at our centre, to standardise the process and to provide the respective student with a "roadmap" to their internship. The structure is based on a rough division of the 24 weeks of internship. This is described in detail in the following and is backed up with the learning objectives for the respective time periods. At our centre, practical training has been standardized and clear responsibilities have been defined. Furthermore, as a centre of maximum care in the field of cardiac surgery, we can offer students the necessary number of perfusions in just six months to meet the requirements of the ECBP for practical training. According to this concept, 20 perfusionists have been successfully trained in the last 8 years. All of them have passed the exams and have been certified according to EBCP. The aim of the practical semester is for the student to be in a position at the end of the semester to independently supervise simple cardiac surgery procedures with the aid of the Extra- Corporal Circulation (ECC) and to carry this out in accordance with the currently valid guidelines and directives (1-8) and the departmental procedural instructions based on them. Great emphasis is placed to the students becoming aware of their competence to act, knowing their limits and being able to assess when these limits have been reached and the involvement of experienced colleagues is necessary to ensure patient safety.

Using of innovative methods during swimming lessons summary

The article offers theoretical and practical material on teaching swimming using innovative technologies during physical classes. In the modern scientific field, various concepts of swimming training have been developed, including holistic-separate, sequential, sequential-parallel and accelerated models, as well as those that use support and technical means. Within these models, different teaching methods and strategies are used, focused on specific pedagogical tasks and audience characteristics. Swimming is considered as a complex skill that requires the separate development of each swimming element: holding your breath, diving, surfacing, lying down, sliding, hand work, leg work, proper breathing. For ego acquisition, the method of repeated repetition of swimming exercises in water is used, which is a combination of studied exercises. Mastering a wide range of swimming movements in all types of swimming, from elementary to sports and elements of applied swimming, initially facilitates the choice of a simpler method, which facilitates the further study of others. In classes, not only standard, but also modular equipment should be used. This approach allows you to reduce the time needed to master swimming skills. The use of innovative technologies in the process of learning to swim contributes to the formation of interest in a healthy lifestyle, increases the level of swimming readiness and functional capabilities of the body. Swimming lessons are innovative in nature and are designed to develop skills that allow you to stay afloat in non-standard situations of everyday life. The article examines and summarizes data on the use of modern innovative methods and technologies of teaching swimming. When introducing innovative technologies into the process of learning to swim, it is necessary to adhere to such technological criteria as efficiency, systematicity, structuredness, scientificity, and procedurality. Innovative methods of teaching swimming include modern approaches and technologies that are designed to facilitate and improve the process of learning this skill. Similar methods can be gradually introduced into the process of physical education.

Effects of participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) intervention for hypertension management among intercity van drivers.

This study aims to evaluated the effectiveness of participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) intervention for hypertension management among intercity van drivers. This quasi-experimental study applied concept and process of participatory actionoriented training and self-management to guide the development of the intervention addressing improvement in hypertension management behaviors. A total of 104 intercity van drivers with uncontrolled hypertension in Thailand were recruited to participate in this program. The intervention group (N = 52) received PAOT program, while the control group (N = 52) received conventional program. Data on hypertension management behaviors, and blood pressure were measured at baseline, 1 month and 3 months after intervention. At 3 months after intervention, hypertension management behavior, and systolic blood pressure were significantly different between 2 groups (p < 0.05). This PAOT was found to be feasible and could potentially improve hypertension management, and blood pressure level of intercity van drivers. The program should be applied in further studies with other workplaces in both formal and informal sectors with different characteristics and other health issues. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(2):194-204.

Optimizing block configuration and operation protocol for extra-long metro trains

In many densely populated mega-cities around the world, metro systems are becoming overly saturated by the ever-increasing travel demand, which results in overcrowded stations, excessive delay, and unsafe anxieties among riders. The concept of extra-long trains (i.e., trains longer than station platforms) was recently proposed in the literature as a promising way to increase a metro line’s capacity without additional infrastructure construction. This paper develops a general modeling framework to optimize train block configuration and operation protocols of a metro line so that extra-long trains can be used under varying demand distribution and infrastructure setting. The design problem is formulated as the integration of two coupled vehicle routing problems which simultaneously optimizes the train block configuration plan, door opening strategy, stop skipping strategy, and train dispatch schedule. This paper proposes two customized solution methods, including an adapted savings heuristic and a destroy-and-repair algorithm. A series of hypothetical examples are tested to demonstrate how the proposed solution approaches outperform an existing commercial solver even for small to moderate problem instances. Moreover, two real-world case studies, with very different demand patterns from two continents, are presented to test the effectiveness of using extra-long trains. Our results show that a metro line with extra-long train operations is capable of serving up to 20%–30% more passenger demand as compared to that with only regular trains, while at the same time producing a similar or lower passenger average travel time.

Bedside-teaching on dementia and delirium: Development, implementation, and evaluation in an acute care hospital

Bedside-teaching on dementia and delirium: Development, implementation, and evaluation in an acute care hospital Abstract: Background: Demographic change and the accompanying increase in people with dementia and delirium in acute care hospitals pose growing challenges for nurses in acute care wards. Objective: Pilot implementation and evaluation of knowledge gain and implementation of previously defined critical behaviors. Method: Implementation of the training by APNs. Parallel evaluation of the training along the New World Kirkpatrick model using questionnaires and non-participant observation. Analysis of the data using descriptive statistics. Results: The training itself was well evaluated by the participants. It showed an increase in knowledge of the participants in the main topic categories. The targeted critical behaviors were implemented for the most part. There are deficiencies in the mapping of interventions in the nursing care process. Conclusion: The training concept is suitable to give nurses confidence in dealing with people with dementia and delirium. Continuous support in practice is needed to maintain the interventions in the long term and sustainably in everyday life.

Методологические основы разработки дидактической концепции интегративной подготовки пенитенциарных психологов к работе с осужденными за преступления террористического характера и экстремистской направленности

The article presents the theoretical, methodological and empirical basis for the development of a didactic concept of integrative training of penitentiary psychologists to work with those convicted of crimes of a terrorist nature and extremist nature, built on the author’s hypothetical assumptions and the results of processing valid empirical material (prison practice, psychodiagnostics).

Influence of Functional Training on Special Technical Movement Ability and Athletic Performance of Male Basketball Players

Functional training, since Beijing Olympic Games, from field of medical rehabilitation to field of competitive sports, advanced scientific training concepts and training methods have gradually been recognized by domestic competitive sports workers and coaches. Therefore, functional training should be developed to grass-roots team to lay a solid foundation for sustainable development of competitive sports in our country. In this paper, a complete set of functional physical training program is designed by using methods of literature, expert interviews, experiments, mathematical statistics, and logical analysis. Finally, it is found that functional training can improve physical coordination of men's basketball. And symmetry, flexibility of athletes' ankle joints, thoracic spine, shoulder joints and stability of knee joints and cores have been improved, reducing probability of sports injuries, providing a theoretical basis for innovative scientific training of male basketball players in my country.

Towards engineering a portable platform for laparoscopic pre-training in virtual reality with haptic feedback

BackgroundLaparoscopic surgery is a surgical technique in which special instruments are inserted through small incision holes inside the body. For some time, efforts have been made to improve surgical pretraining through practical exercises on abstracted and reduced models. MethodsThe authors strive for a portable, easy to use and cost-effective Virtual Reality-based (VR) laparoscopic pre-training platform and therefore address the question of how such a system has to be designed to achieve the quality of today's gold standard using real tissue specimens. Current VR controllers are limited regarding haptic feedback. Since haptic feedback is necessary or at least beneficial for laparoscopic surgery training, the platform to be developed consists of a newly designed prototype laparoscopic VR controller with haptic feedback, a commercially available head-mounted display, a VR environment for simulating a laparoscopic surgery, and a training concept. ResultsTo take full advantage of benefits such as repeatability and cost-effectiveness of VR-based training, the system shall not require a tissue sample for haptic feedback. It is currently calculated and visually displayed to the user in the VR environment. On the prototype controller, a first axis was provided with perceptible feedback for test purposes. Two of the prototype VR controllers can be combined to simulate a typical both-handed use case, e.g., laparoscopic suturing. A Unitybased VR prototype allows the execution of simple standard pre-trainings. ConclusionsThe first prototype enables full operation of a virtual laparoscopic instrument in VR. In addition, the simulation can compute simple interaction forces. Major challenges lie in a realistic real-time tissue simulation and calculation of forces for the haptic feedback. Mechanical weaknesses were identified in the first hardware prototype, which will be improved in subsequent versions. All degrees of freedom of the controller are to be provided with haptic feedback. To make forces tangible in the simulation, characteristic values need to be determined using real tissue samples. The system has yet to be validated by cross-comparing real and VR haptics with surgeons.

A Brief Discussion on the Cultivation of Applied Maritime Talents under the New Mode of Intelligent Shipping

This paper mainly elaborates on the development of navigation specialties towards intelligence by analyzing the current situation of cultivating applied maritime talents under the new model of intelligent shipping in China. It introduces the methods of cultivating applied maritime talents, the demand and structural changes for such talents in the intelligent shipping industry, and puts forward specific plans for the new training trends, concepts and systems of applied maritime talents. The realization of intelligent shipping will significantly improve shipping efficiency, safety and environmental protection, provide strong support for the development of the global economy and trade. It will also change the allocation structure and market demand of applied maritime talents.

Pengembangan Proyek Pemrograman Medıa Pembelajaran Interaktıf Untuk Tugas Pemecahan Masalah Pelatihan Berpıkır Komputasıonal Mahasiswa Dengan Scratch

Media is needed in learning to attract and make it easier for students to understand the material being taught. Interactive learning media for computational thinking material through Scratch programming as an example of a block-based programming project assignment by applying computational thinking concepts for PGSD student training has not been researched in Indonesia. The research carried out aims to develop an example of a final programming project for interactive media learning computational thinking for PGSD student programming training as a valid and practical problem solving task using the Scratch program as well as the level of competency of the programming project being created. The research carried out is of the research and development type using the ADDIE model. The research participants were 40 students from a private university in West Sumatra. Data was collected using observation, interview, artifact analysis, and questionnaire techniques. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a Likert scale filled in by material, media and research subject experts. Analysis of research data was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. From the development research carried out, it was found that the final project example of interactive media programming for computational thinking learning which was developed for PGSD students' computational thinking training as a problem solving task received a very good score with a score of 85.5% from the validation of material experts, media and students, 85. 2% for product practicality, and makes it easier for students to created the program because the difficulty is at intermediate level.