Concept Dictionary Research Articles

‘Development, post-development, and the pluriverse’

ABSTRACT The Pluriverse is the latest in a line of critical conceptual dictionaries problematizing the idea of ‘development’ from a variety of left-leaning progressive perspectives. The editors provide a lengthy set of introductions and rationales for the book, followed by a number of essays on why ‘reformist solutions’ won't work. The core of the book: ‘A People's Pluriverse: Transformative Initiatives’ consists of about 80 shorter essays by scholars and scholar-activists from all over the world, focused on the project to establish the idea of the pluriverse as the alternative to Sustainable Development and (in most cases) global capitalist hegemony, arguing for the pluriverse as a more life-enhancing foundation on which to build the theory and practice of a better world. The book is almost unique in terms of the conceptual range and geographical scope of the contributors.

Three conceptions of nativism and the faculty of language

I compare three linguistic models based on different conceptions of nativism to determine whether they can provide revealing accounts of properties of natural languages, and whether the traits that these linguistic models require are evolutionarily plausible.The model based on Language-specific nativism in a broad sense contains rules, conditions, features and categories—Universal Grammar—to capture the empirical phenomena. Broad UG contains many domain-specific devices that are more descriptive than explanatory, and are unlikely to have evolved as irreducible properties of the brain.Language-specific nativism in a narrow sense tries to improve evolvability by restricting its core component to the operation set-Merge and a universal lexicon of innate concepts. But the transfer operations required to link the language-invariant expressions with actual expressions of natural languages turn out to be inapplicable. Evolvability is also problematic: the model ends up appealing to mystery on three key issues.Exapted Language Nativism posits that the human language capacity is not due to a brain development specifically devoted to language but is a side effect of a uniquely human capacity of detachment that enables an array of human-specific cognitive traits. Key among these traits is the capacity to form linguistic signs. Syntactic combinations emerge directly from the capacity to form combinatorial signs, a small natural subset of linguistic signs. The perceptual and conceptual elements of signs, and the extralinguistic cognition of speakers, have grounded prior properties that provide principled explanations of the data. The model has high evolvability since its core capacity of detachment is independently related to other phenotypic effects.

Review: Bossa Mundo: Brazilian Music in Transnational Media Industries, by K. E. Goldschmitt

Review: <i>Bossa Mundo: Brazilian Music in Transnational Media Industries</i>, by K. E. Goldschmitt

Spirale (Spiral)

The lexeme Spirale (spiral) serves as an important symbol and figure of thought in Goethe’s oeuvre that cuts across numerous discourses and disciplines, ranging from aesthetics and art history to mineralogy and geology, from botany and cosmology to anthropology and sexuality. Early on in Goethe’s life it plays a rather marginal role in his thought; yet by the year of his death in 1832, it becomes a pivotal, if contradictory, figure imbued with scientific, literary, and even metaphysical significance. Associated with such archetypal polarities as systole/diastole, male/female, and life/death, the spiral ultimately emerges in Goethe’s conceptual lexicon as a type of motion within opposing force fields whose ever greater intensification also suspends them, thereby inhibiting a higher synthesis or conceptual resolution. In brief, Goethe’s concept of the spiral works to overstep boundaries, transgress binaries, and resist stasis and closure.

Implementing Story Units of Japanese Folktales with Conceptual Dictionaries

Implementing Story Units of Japanese Folktales with Conceptual Dictionaries

Genus – Species and Whole – Part Relations in Legal Terms

The research featured the way legal terms express the genus – species relationship (hyperonyms vs. hyponyms) and whole – part relationship (holonyms vs. meronyms / partonyms). The article introduces the basic differences in the relations of these types, as well as terminological variants. The author specified the related research terminology, the specific use of hyponyms / hyperonyms and holonyms / meronyms in the formation of a legislative definition, and the intra-text semantic correlation of concepts expressed by these relations. The author also defined the means and ways of expressing hyper-hyponymy and holonymy-meronymy: syntactic, grammatical, punctuation, numbering, graphic, speech markers, etc. The paper describes the main functions of legal hyponyms / hyperonyms and holonyms / meronyms: structuring the terminological system of law and the textual space of the law, official legal interpretation, the formation of an interpretation strategy, synonymous correlation, etc. It also mentions nominal (subject-conceptual, attributive) and verbal (procedural, effective) semantics. The research was based on the methods of conceptual, contextual, and comparative analysis of Russian legal texts, their classification and generalization. The research was based on Russian laws, as well as the Dictionary of Legislative Terms and Concepts, compiled by the author from federal laws.

ПО БАРАБАНУ: ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС И ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ УСТОЙЧИВЫХ ДВУХКОМПОНЕНТНЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖНО-ПАДЕЖНЫХ СОЧЕТАНИЙ

The aim of the article is to review the ways of dictionary presentation of stable prepositional combinations and the factors essential for their lexical-grammatical status and the type of optimal lexicographic description. The object of the study is twocomponent prepositional combinations with stable meanings and the “preposition+noun” structure. The material of the article is data of different dictionaries of Russian presenting stable prepositional combinations. In the course of the study, the following questions were answered: why the definition and interpretation of the lexical-grammatical nature of stable prepositional combinations are so difficult and ambiguous; what lexicographic interpretation these units have in dictionaries of different types; what the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of dictionary interpretation of such language material are. The following methods were used: introspective (observation, generalization, classification), systematic lexicographic description according to dictionary parameters, dictionary definition analysis. The summary table of the lexicographic presentation of stable combinations allows seeing both the unresolved question of dictionary interpretation of such units and the patterns of their interpretation depending on the type of a dictionary. As a result of the analysis the following conclusions were drawn. 1) In modern Russian there is a rather large (about 2,000 units) class of language units (prepositional combinations), the lexical-grammatical status of which is not defined, and there is no term for their definition; this class is historically formed and continues to replenish. 2) The type of dictionary presentation of stable prepositional combinations is determined by the dictionary concept, grammatical and syntactic properties, presence of figurative meaning and possibility of component variation of such combinations. 3) The unresolved theoretical issues have as a result the lexicographic discrepancy in the presentation of these language units. Extreme lexicographic solutions are a separate dictionary entry for each combination and the presentation of such units only as stable combinations in the entry of a noun (presented in academic explanatory dictionaries). 4) Taking into account only the factor of presence/absence of a gap seems to formalize the dictionary presentation of adverbs with both conjoined and split spelling, really existing in Russian, and the position of recognition of these units with independent words and their isolate presentation is not impeccable for dictionary users. 5) In the author’s opinion, the presentation of stable prepositional combinations exclusively as independent vocabules is inferior to the traditional lexicographic approach because the isolated presentation of this material breaks the semantic connections of these complex lexical units; the most complex issue is the differentiation of adverbs with split spelling and stable combinations.

Malarska koncepcja w eseju filozoficznym Bolesława Micińskiego

The article discusses the essayistic work of Bolesław Miciński, who was interested in the individualization of the form of expression, both in the sphere of content and form. Contemporary thinking about philosophy in neo-positivist terms prompted the writer to create an individual dictionary of concepts that frees philosophy from rigorous frameworks and specialized jargon. In a modern, philosophical essay, he realizes a free reflection on aesthetic, philosophical, social and political issues (the relationship between art and politics). The authoress interprets the painting concept in Portret Kanta, remaining within the tricks and concepts used by the writer. The analysis of the creation of a philosophical and literary portrait, presented in the form of an essay, makes it possible to highlight the problems that the writer deals with — the issue of the existence of time in painting or the possibility of transposing concepts into images (utpictura poesis). From a polemic with the 18th-century aesthetic — Gotthold Ephraim Lessing — the authoress moves to the notion of “fugue” as a potential realization of space in music, which the writer mentioned in Podróże do piekieł. Moreover, he considers the form of a fugue in reference to classicism in literature. This sketch is an initial attempt to unravel the “hidden, significant knots” in the work of the interwar essayist.

Thinking across Cultures: A Conceptual Lexicon for Foreign Languages and the Environment

Thinking across Cultures: A Conceptual Lexicon for Foreign Languages and the Environment

Об опыте подготовки двуязычного словаря природоведческих понятий в картинках для начальной школы

This paper reveals some issues of preparing a bilingual dictionary of natural science concepts in pictures. In the course “The World Around”, junior school children get acquainted with various natural science concepts (physical, geographical, geological, phenological, astronomical, biological, agricultural, ecological). The process of their formation is rather complicated and extended. In studies of this process, the problems associated with the education of children, who do not speak or have limited proficiency in the Russian language, remain insufficiently studied. The formation of natural science concepts in such children should be based on sensory perception and on the basis of the principle of “reliance on the native language”. In the dictionary, concepts in Russian have equivalents in Khakass and Tuvan languages. Pictures convey essential visual information about an object and natural phenomena.

Concepts of linguistic expertise in the ordinary language consciousness Concepts of linguistic expertise in the ordinary language consciousness Concepts of linguistic expertise in the ordinary language consciousness

The article points out the need to study the vocabulary that is actively used in controversial texts submitted for research by linguistic experts. The objects of consideration are concepts of linguistic expertise (swearing, invective, slander) that have a verbal expression. The features of perception of these lexemes by ordinary language consciousness are revealed. The psycholinguistic description of the studied concepts is based on the results of a psycholinguistic experiment conducted using the method of free associative experiment. The authors have compiled associative fields of lexemes, identified semantic groups and formulated psycholinguistic meanings. A comparison of lexicographic descriptions of lexemes and the experimental information. Lexicographic description of lexemes is based on both the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language and legal dictionaries, dictionaries of literary concepts, the dictionary of argo, etc. The problems of distinguishing the meanings of legal concepts and improving the legal literacy of native speakers are raised. It is shown that the studied lexemes are generally well assimilated by the language consciousness of native speakers (except for invective) and their legal aspect is partially realized by respondents. Some conclusions about the importance of conducting psycholinguistic research in the practice of linguistic expertise are made, because they allow us to clarify the meaning of legal concepts and show the features of perception of such concepts by ordinary language consciousness.

LexExp: a system for automatically expanding concept lexicons for noisy biomedical texts.

SummaryLexExp is an open-source, data-centric lexicon expansion system that generates spelling variants of lexical expressions in a lexicon using a phrase embedding model, lexical similarity-based natural language processing methods and a set of tunable threshold decay functions. The system is customizable, can be optimized for recall or precision and can generate variants for multi-word expressions.Availability and implementationCode available at: https://bitbucket.org/asarker/lexexp; data and resources available at: https://sarkerlab.org/lexexp.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Удача vs удаль в языковой объективации русского культурного концепта «удача»

This article discusses the results of an intralinguistic comparative analysis of the lexemes udacha (‘luck’) and udal’ (‘courage’) as a part of the complex linguoculturological description of the concept “udacha” (‘luck’) in the Russian national conceptual sphere according to the language data. The paper aimed to analyse the conceptual convergence and divergence of the lexemes udacha and udal’ that form the historical-etymological area of this concept’s entire range of meanings. For materials, the author turned to Russian etymological and explanatory dictionaries as well as to the Russian National Corpus. The conceptual analysis methodology applied in this paper is based on methods adopted by the Voronezh and Nizhny Novgorod schools of thought. The scientific value of this article consists in introducing such a new research subject as the conceptual pair udacha – udal’ in the Russian linguistic worldview. It is demonstrated that in the historical-etymological area of the meanings of the concept of luck, an important place is occupied by the age-old link between udacha and udal’ that is confirmed by their common genesis and a significant convergence of meanings. The author comes to the conclusion that the Russian words udacha and udal’ comprise an interdependent unity: udacha reflects the objective aspect of all the good things that can happen in one’s life, while udal’ expresses the subjective aspect, i.e. personal traits facilitating successful self-fulfilment. This paper makes a certain contribution to the theory and practice of the comprehensive linguoculturological synchronic-diachronic analysis of cultural concepts based on cognitive linguistics. In terms of practical value, the results of the research can be used for teaching linguoculturological disciplines at universities and for compiling conceptual dictionaries and linguoculturological thesauri.

Concept Discovery for The Interpretation of Landscape Scenicness

In this paper, we study how to extract visual concepts to understand landscape scenicness. Using visual feature representations from a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), we learn a number of Concept Activation Vectors (CAV) aligned with semantic concepts from ancillary datasets. These concepts represent objects, attributes or scene categories that describe outdoor images. We then use these CAVs to study their impact on the (crowdsourced) perception of beauty of landscapes in the United Kingdom. Finally, we deploy a technique to explore new concepts beyond those initially available in the ancillary dataset: Using a semi-supervised manifold alignment technique, we align the CNN image representation to a large set of word embeddings, therefore giving access to entire dictionaries of concepts. This allows us to obtain a list of new concept candidates to improve our understanding of the elements that contribute the most to the perception of scenicness. We do this without the need for any additional data by leveraging the commonalities in the visual and word vector spaces. Our results suggest that new and potentially useful concepts can be discovered by leveraging neighbourhood structures in the word vector spaces.

Whose hobbyhorse now?: A revised Foreword for Chinese Landscape Painting as Western Art History1

This article constitutes a new Foreword for James Elkins’s Chinese Landscape Painting as Western Art History. Reflecting on this work a decade after it was first published, this Foreword seeks to position Elkins’s text with respect to current debates about appropriation, decolonization, race, whiteness, privilege and a problematic, colonialist, EuroAmerican notion of ‘the global’. Now the questions I asked ten years ago in response to Elkins’s text are more pressing than ever: how can the history of the art of non-western cultures be figured in their own terms, and how might such a project operate without transposing the object of inquiry entirely into western epistemological frameworks and strategies of academic inquiry? This article seeks to consider how Elkins’s text both de- and re-centres the discipline of art history so that the western tradition alone no longer dominates its master narrative and serves as sole source of its conceptual lexicon. Moreover, this article posits that from Elkins’s text we might contemplate a future in which the western tradition might become marginal within the discipline of art history, its established terms, discourses and practices incommensurate with newly centred analogues drawn from non-western cultures.

Leveraging recommendation systems for improving caching emerging short video in content delivery network

AbstractShort video applications have rapidly become one of the most popular online entertainments. It is also one of the most important ways of social networking. However, the request pattern of short videos shows the characteristics of highly dynamic compared to traditional video. First, the access of short video is changing quickly, that is, user shows less preferences. Second, most short videos have no tag descriptions. These result in a significant reduction in caching efficiency of content delivery network (CDN) server, which is used to cache short videos. To address these challenges, this article proposes a recommendation system to optimize short video caching. For lack of tag description, this article proposes event detection method to recognize tags based on improved dense trajectory and concept dictionary video feature extraction. Then the collaborative filtering method is used to generate caching recommendation list for CDN to guide short video caching. Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the efficiency of short video caching for CDN.

Developing Professional Self-Regulation of Students during Pedagogical Practice

The current study aims to understand the development of students’ professional self-regulation during pedagogical practice. Fifty participants of this study were fourth-year students of the Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine. The following questions were considered: Has any certain level of professional self-regulation been formed before practice? Will it increase during the pedagogical practice? Is it possible to influence the process of formation of future teachers’ professional self-regulation during the pedagogical practice by offering them specific tasks? To diagnose the formation of self-regulatory mechanisms of students during pedagogical practice, we propose to use the phenomenon of readiness (namely, how to determine, characterize, and measure it). The research was carried out using the methods of questionnaires, conceptual dictionary, and expert evaluation. The level of readiness for professional self-regulation in most respondents has increased from the “lower” to the “upper” limit within the Medium level. The results contribute to the conclusion that professional self-regulation of a teacher as a necessary component of future professional activity is developed effectively during pedagogical practice; moreover, this process is intensified by the implementation of assignments aimed at understanding self-regulatory mechanisms.

Принципы составления англо-русского переводческого лексикона-тезауруса по тематике «Добыча нефти»

The research objective includes identifying principles to compile an English-Russian thesaurus dictionary on oil production. The authors ascertain the place of the thesaurus dictionary among ideographic dictionaries and, relying on T. S. Serova and L. P. Shishkina’s conception, justify reasonability of the thesaurus approach while compiling a conceptual dictionary. Scientific originality of the study is conditioned by the fact that the researchers for the first time identify and systematize the English terminology of oil production. The article presents a descriptive section of the thesaurus dictionary, a fragment of the contextual section and an alphabetic index of terms. The research findings are as follows: the authors have compiled a thesaurus dictionary on oil production, which contains 93 terms. This dictionary is a handbook for translators; it may also be useful for linguistic students and technical specialists.

LIGHTCAM: ENLIGHTENING THE CAMERA OBSCURA – WHERE PHOTOGRAMMETRY, COMPUTER AND ROBOTIC VISION MEET

Abstract. In the last years, vision-based systems have flourished at an unprecedented pace, fuelled by developments in hardware components (higher resolution and higher sensitivity imaging sensors, smaller and smarter micro controllers, just to name a few), as well as in software or processing techniques, with AI (Artificial Intelligence) leading to a landmark revolution. Several disciplines have fostered and benefited from these advances, but, unfortunately, not always in a coordinated and cooperative way.When it comes to image-based sensing techniques, photogrammetry, computer vision and robotic vision have many contact points and overlapping areas. Yet, as for people of different cultures and languages, communicating among the three different communities can be very harsh and disorienting - especially for beginners and non-specialists.Driven by a strong educational and inclusive ambition, the LightCam project is funded by the ISPRS Education and Capacity Building Initiatives 2020 (ECB). The project’s ambition is to act as an interpreter and ease the dialog among the three actors, i.e. photogrammetry, computer vision and robotics. Two intermediation tools will be developed to serve this aim: (i) a dictionary of concepts, terminology and algorithms, in the form of a knowledge base website, and (ii) a code repository, where pieces of code for the conversion between different formulations implemented in available software solutions will be shared.

Fake News: What Is It and Why Does It Matter?

“Fake news” is a term that is gradually finding its way into our conceptual lexicon in academia. This trend can be said to mirror the increasing usage of the term in popular parlance as well as the sociopolitical impact attributed to the increasing presence of fake news in our society (Allcott & Gentzkow 2017; Lazer et al. 2018). While many have argued for the existence of fake news since time immemorial (Allcott and Gentzkow 2017), the increasing attention that it is receiving can be related to the affordance of digital technologies to generate, spread, and affect behavior at a speed, scale, and extent that is unprecedented in history (Lazer et al. 2018; Moravec et al. 2018). Yet despite the growing interest in engaging with fake news both empirically and theoretically (Dennis et al. 2019), we still struggle to conceptually capture what exactly we mean when we invoke the fake news label. Although existing attempts at defining fake news have provided us with a useful foundation to build upon (Allcott & Gentzkow 2017; Gelfert 2018; Lazer et al. 2018; Tandok et al. 2018), many attempts either tend to swing the pendulum towards an extreme or adopt a pragmatic orientation that is useful as an empirical tool but lacking in its coverage of the phenomenon. This panel is designed to stimulate discussion on this topic and generate a reflective conceptualization of what fake news is, and unpack some theoretical and practical implications of scholarly engagement with this phenomenon. Lastly, it is important to understand the implications of a useful conceptualizing of fake news. Extant literature has identified at least four domains, among others, for which we can highlight practical and theoretical implications. These include domains such as understanding a) the generation of fake news (Shao et al. 2017); b) the detection of fake news (Gahirwal et al. 2018; Kim et al. 2019); c) the spread of fake news (Campan et al. 2017); d) and the behavioural implications (Moravec et al. 2018; Murungi et al. 2018), among others. A useful starting point in making meaningful progress towards engaging with these persistent issues lies in a conceptual clarification of what we mean by fake news. In setting up this symposium, we aim to provide an interdisciplinary platform where these questions can be tackled from different perspectives. These are questions that require engaging scholars from different disciplinary backgrounds within AoM.