Concentrations Of Plant Extracts Research Articles

Photo catalytic applications of gold nanoparticles synthesized by green route and electrochemical degradation of phenolic Azo dyes using AuNPs/GC as modified paste electrode

A highly efficient, quick and environmentally benign protocol has been adopted to synthesize AuNPs using the plant extract of Sueda fruciotosa. UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, HRTEM, SEM and FTIR were used to characterize the prepared AuNPs. Different concentrations of plant extract were used to optimize the size, morphology and distribution of AuNPs. AuNPs were of small size and spheroid in shape at lower concentration. AuNPs showed a surface plasmon resonance at 443 nm. According to HRTEM the average size of AuNPs was 6–8 nm. The AuNPs were appraised for their photo degradation activity on methylene blue (MB) as an experimental substrate. Photo-catalytic activity of AuNPs was found to be dependent on the concentration of catalyst, irradiation time, size and aggregation of AuNPs. Furthermore, AuNPs exhibited an excellent electro-catalytic activity. The sensitivity of modified AuNPs was also studied for phenolic Azo dyes (PAD) which showed its good degradation activity. These gold nanoparticles found to be significantly applicable in the field of electrochemistry, sensors, catalysis, nano-devices, treatment of waste water and conversion of toxic agents into less toxic compound.

The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Size, Produced Using Plant Extract from Arbutus unedo, on Their Antibacterial Efficacy.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been demonstrated to restrain bacterial growth, while maintaining minimal risk in development of bacterial resistance and human cell toxicity that conventional silver compounds exhibit. Several physical and chemical methods have been reported to synthesize AgNPs. However, these methods are expensive and involve heavy chemical reduction agents. An alternative approach to produce AgNPs in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way employs a biological pathway using various plant extracts to reduce metal ions. The size control issue, and the stability of nanoparticles, remain some of the latest challenges in such methods. In this study, we used two different concentrations of fresh leaf extract of the plant Arbutus unedo (LEA) as a reducing and stabilizing agent to produce two size variations of AgNPs. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and zeta potential were applied for the characterization of AgNPs. Both AgNP variations were evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy against the gram-negative species Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the gram-positive species Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Although significant differences have been achieved in the nanoparticles’ size by varying the plant extract concentration during synthesis, the antibacterial effect was almost the same.

The study of antioxidant activity of the celery root extract

We prove promising use of supplements based on celery in the technology of frozen meat and fish products split. The aim of experimental research was to determine the celery antioxidant activity and to study the dynamics of change in storage. Antioxidant activity estimation method used colorimetry free radicals based on reaction of DPPH dissolved in ethanol with specimens antioxidants. The kinetics of spending in DPPH reaction with celery extract of different concentrations. When the concentration of extract of celery in a ditch more than 0.5%, the reaction proceeded immediately. Observation of the dynamics of the reaction was carried out at concentrations of plant extracts 0.5; 0.25; 0.1; 0.05; 0.01 and 0.005%. A quantitative assessment antioxidant activity of celery compared to previous studies strong herbal antioxidants (Jerusalem artichoke tubers and Stevia leaves). These anamorphosis kinetic curves show that the effective rate constants of reactions are: celery - 1.24, artichoke tubers - 1.73, the leaves of Stevia - 0.58, i.e quantitative assessment celery antioxidant activity 37% lower than the artichoke tubers, and 56% higher than the stevia leaves. Thus, the antioxidant properties of these plants are comparable, that celery extract antioxidant activity is high. Found that freezing does not affect the antioxidant activity of celery extract, the extract in storage for three months antioxidant activity it remains almost unchanged, storage more than four months antioxidant activity reduces by 12%, over six months - 30%. This allows us to conclude that the storage period of three months frozen minced celery additive in products able to keep their antioxidant properties. The data of the studies make it possible to redict that celery additive in minced products can help stabilize lipids meat and fish and have a direct impact on the shelf life of these products

Brine shrimp lethality assay

Brine shrimp lethality assay is an important tool for the preliminary cytotoxicity assay of plant extract and others based on the ability to kill a laboratory cultured larvae (nauplii). The nauplii were exposed to different concentrations of plant extract for 24 hours. The number of motile nauplii was calculated for the effectiveness of the extract. It is a simple, cost effective and requires small amount of test material.Video Clip of Methodology:Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay: 4 min 9 sec Full Screen Alternate

The efficiency of some plant extracts for growth inhibition of Candida albicans and Trichophytonmentagrophytes

Plant extracts occupied a big place in diseases treatment and preserving human health because, they contain many active substances that can be exploited in the field of pharmaceutical manufacturing from natural materials. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of plant extracts for each of Nigella sativa, Alliumsativum and Allium cepa against the fungal growth of Candida albicans that cause many skin diseases and infections to humans as well as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which affects the hair, skin and nails. These two fungi have been isolated and diagnosed from people who have skin infection. Both fungal isolates were treated with extracts of Nigella sativa, Alliumsativum and Allium cepa, which are prepared by using the cold method of extraction. The results showed the effectiveness of Nigella sativa extract against C. albicans and T. Mentagrophytes within two weeks of incubation period. On the other hand, it has been found that the extract of Nigella sativa was more effective on C. albicans, as the rate of inhibition zone was 3.0-4.2 in diameter and 4.5-5.0 on SDA and ESDA media respectively. The results of the fungus T. mentagrophytes indicated that the inhibition zone was 3.2 -3 cm in diameter on SDA medium and 3.0- 4.2 cm on ESDA medium compared with control, as there were no inhibition zones appearance for both fungi. Moreover, the results showed that Allium sativum extract comes in second place in their effectiveness against fangal growth, whereas, the Allium cepa extract did not show any significant impact

ANTIMYCOTIC POTENTIAL OF SOME PHYTOEXTRACTS ON SOME PATHOGENIC FUNGI

The present study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effects of five phytoextracts, viz. Artemisia absinthium, Malva sylvestris, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex obtusifolius and Taraxicum officinale on the mycelial growth and spore germination of Drechslera sp., Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The results revealed that all the concentrations of plant extracts caused significant inhibition in the mycelial growth and spore germination of the tested fungi as compared to control. However, the maximum inhibition in mycelial growth and spore germination was found at the highest concentration ‘S’ followed by lower concentrations of the plant extracts. Maximum inhibition in mycelial growth and spore germination was caused by A. absinthium plant extract followed by R. obtusifolius, M. sylvertris, P. lanceolata and least inhibition was found by T. officinale. The highest inhibitory activity of A. absinthium extract was shown against P. expansum (75.42%) at standard concentration ‘S’ followed by A. flavus (74.74%), A. niger (61.83%) and Drechslera sp. (61.64%) at same concentration.

Antimicrobial and modulation effects of selected Ghanaian medicinal plants

The alarming rise in the incidences of multidrug-resistant microorganisms and the decline innew antibiotic discovery make the search for new antimicrobial agents or efforts at restoring the activity of older antibiotics to which the microbes have developed resistance very necessary. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antimicrobial and modulation effects of the 70% ethanol extracts of Lannea schimperi, Commelina nudiflora and Piliostigma reticulatum against usceptible strains of microorganisms. Using the broth microdilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts were determined. The checkerboard assay was used to determine the modulation effects when sub-inhibitory concentrations of plant extracts were combined with the standard antibiotics. All three plants extracts possessed weak antimicrobial effects. For the modulation experiments, fifteen of the twenty-seven combinatorial casesyielded biologically significant effects. The ethanol extracts of the three plants studied here are good modulators as they reduced the MIC of ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole by factors that are comparable to that of reserpine. However the exact compounds and their exact mechanism of modulation require further investigation.Keywords: Anti-infective, modulation, Lannea schimperi, Commelina nudiflora, Piliostigmareticulatum, ethnomedicine

Biocidal and Antinemic Properties of Aqueous Extracts of Ageratum and Coccinia Against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Incognita In Vitro

Plants are the one of the glorious and fascinating source of natural biopesticides. The present investigation was carried out for pytochemical analysis and to assess the nematicidal and nematostatic potential of aqueous extract of some plant parts viz., Ageratum conyzoides and Coccinia grandis against hatching and nematicidal behavior of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro conditions. The second stage juveniles (J2) were exposed at 24, 48 and 72 hours in different concentration (S, S/2, S/10, and S/100) of plant extracts. During in vitro condition inhibition of egg hatchability and J2 juveniles’ mortality varied according to the concentration of plant extract. The extract of Ageratum conyzoides leaves and stem exhibited highly promising mortality (98-100%) after 72 hours of exposure periods while the plant extract of C. grandis leaves and fruit showed minimum mortality (56-60%) after 24 hours of exposure periods. There was a gradual decrease in egghatching with an increase in the concentration of aqueous extract of plants. A. conyzoides leaves and stem extract elucidating most effectiveness in reducing egghatching and increase in mortality of J2 juveniles of M. incognita. Concentration of the extract was directly proportional to the mortality of second stage juveniles and inversely proportional to the egghatching. Phytochemical analysis in various solvent of different polarity such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform, petroleum and water marked the impressive outcome of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, protein, amines, glycosides, carbohydrate, steroids, mucilage, gums, terpenoids and phlobatannins in the plant extracts. The aqueous extract of Ageratum conyzoides showed maximum egg inhibition and J2 juvenile mortality due to the presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloid, tannins, phenol, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrate, protein, mucilage/gum and phlobatannins while Coccinia grandis showed minimum egg inhibition and juvenile mortality.

Green Synthesis of Ag/Ag₂O Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Eupatorium odoratum and Its Antimicrobial and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities.

The health challenges associated with pathogens and ectoparasites highlight the need for effective control approaches. Metal nanoparticles have been proposed as highly effective tools towards combatting different microbial organisms and parasites. The present work reports the antimicrobial and larvicidal potential of biosynthesized Ag/Ag2O nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Eupatorium odoratum (EO). The constituents of the leaf extract act as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The UV-VIS spectra of the nanoparticles showed surface plasmon resonance. The particle size and shape of the nanoparticles was analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The larvicidal study was carried out using third and fourth instar Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The mosquito larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extract (EO) and the synthesized nanoparticles, and their percentage of mortality was accounted for at different time intervals of 12 h and 24 h periods of exposure. The nanoparticles were more lethal against third and fourth instars of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae at the 24 h period of exposure with lower lethal concentration values (LC50 = 95.9 ppm; LC90 = 337.5 ppm) and (LC50 = 166.4 ppm; LC90 = 438.7 ppm) compared to the plant extract (LC50 = 396.8 ppm; LC90 = 716.8 ppm and LC50 = 448.3 ppm; LC90 = 803.9 ppm, respectively). The antimicrobial properties of the nanoparticles were established against different clinically-isolated microbial strains and compared to that of the plant extract (EO) and standard antimicrobial drugs. The nanoparticles were generally more active than the plant extract against the selected microbial organisms. The Gram-negative bacterial strains Escheerichua coli and Salmonella typhi were more susceptible towards the nanoparticles compared to the Gram-positive strains and the fungal organism.

Antimicrobial activity of various ethanolic plant extracts against pathogenic multi drug resistant Candida spp.

A total of 50 Candida isolates were isolated and identified from clinical specimens and these were tested for resistance to various antifungal drugs. It was observed multi-drug resistance in all candida isolates by 84%, 62%, 60%, 76%, 46, 30%, and 22% against fluconazole, clotrimazole, Amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and nystatin tested respectively. The isolates, which were found to be resistant to antifungal drugs were selected and subjected to antifungal testing against six ethanolic plants, extract namely Azadiracta indica, Allium sativum, Cordia dichotoma Ocimum sanctum, Syzygium cumini and Trigonella foenum grecum. All the plant extracts tested were found to effective against all MDR Candida isolates with inhibition zone ranging from 10- 18mm in diameter. Ethanolic extract of Allium sativum was observed most effective against the isolates among all the plants extracts tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all ethanolic plant extract was recorded ranging from 1.56-25mg/ml against MDR candida isolates. Phytochemical analysis of the alcoholic plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavanoid, glycosoid, phenol; phenol, tannins, saponins in all the plants studied. The present study may be successful in identifying the plants with different antimicrobial activity. These plants containing various phytochemicals may be exploited in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant microorganisms.

Plant-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their characteristic properties

Biosynthesised metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have a wide range of applications in the fields of medicine and engineering. Among various metallic NPs, silver (Ag) NPs have gained extraordinary fame due to their unique properties. Conventional methods for the synthesis of silver NPs are pernicious due to chemical toxicity and various serious biological concerns. Plant extract-mediated synthesis can rapidly and simply produce eco-friendly, well-dispersed and stable silver NPs from silver nitrate in aqueous conditions without employing any reducing and stabilising agent. This paper intends to present an overview of the potential use of various plants for silver NP synthesis with particular emphasis on the extraordinary anticancer and antimicrobial properties of these NPs against a wide range of cancerous cell lines and bacterial strains. Several plant extracts have naturally biodegradable antioxidants which simultaneously act as reducing and stabilising agents for silver NP. Furthermore, this paper highlights optimum situations for the green synthesis of silver NPs by controlling critical parameters, such as pH, temperature, duration of incubation and concentrations of both silver salt and plant extract. Hence, green synthesis of silver NPs is a promising method which allows for synthesis with low cost and low energy requirement.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Origanum vulgare L. Extract and Their Catalytic Activity

The synthesis of Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles by green methods has attracted remarkable attention in recent years because of its superiority above chemical approaches, owing to its low cost and ecological compatibility. In this present work, we describe a facile and environmentally friendly synthesis of Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) using an aqueous extract of aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. (OV) as a bioreductant. This plant is available in many parts of the world as well as in Saudi Arabia and is known to be a rich source of phenolic components, a feature we fruitfully utilized in the synthesis of Pd NPs, using various concentrations of plant extracts. Moreover, the OV extract phytomolecules are not only accountable for the reduction and progression of nanoparticles, but they also act as stabilizing agents, which was confirmed by several characterization methods. The as-synthesized Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Further, FT-IR study has proven that the OV not merely represents a bioreductant but also functionalizes the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the green synthesized metallic Pd NPs were successfully applied as catalysts for selective oxidation of alcohols.

Effect of Centaurea pullata Methanolic Extract on the Growth of Portulaca oleracea

Phytotoxicity or allelopathy means poisonous results by a composite onplantgrowth, composites may be trace metals, pesticides salinity or phytotoxins. Some of the medicinal plants have phytotoxic activities which inhibit the growth of weeds and unwanted plants which are not of our desire. The present study is aimed to investigate the phytotoxic assessment of Centaurea pullata methanolic extract (CPME) roots. Dried plant were ground and extracted with methanol to prepare methanol crude extract. In-vitro phytotoxicity activity was conducted using these methanolic extracts as per standard procedures. The inhibitory effect of Centaurea pullata extract is tested on stalk and root of Portulaca oleracea and using four concentrations (3, 1.5, 0.75 and 0.37mg/ml) of plant extract and distal water in control. The result is noted on 5th and 10th days. The results obtained from these experiments showed that the crude methanolic extract of Centaurea pullata slightly inhibits the roots and shoots of Portulaca oleracea seeds as compared to the control plate which was not treated by the above mentioned sample extracts shown in Figures as. From the results obtained that, Phytotoxicity activity of Centaurea pullata methanolic extract showed non-significant results. Purification and in vivo studies of these plant are required for further verification.

The anti-AChE and anti-proliferative Activities of Glaucium acutidentatum and Glaucium corniculatum Alkaloid Extracts

In this study, methanol and water extracts of Glaucium acutidentatum and Glaucium corniculatum were analysed for anti-AChE activity on neuronal PC12 cell and anti-proliferative activity on HT-29 and HeLa cancer cells. In this study, total alkaloid, phenol and flavonoid content were analyzed for the determination of active compounds of Glaucium acutidentatum and Glaucium corniculatum. Indeed, methanol and water alkaloid extracts of these plants were evaluated for their anti-AChE activities on NGF-differentiated PC12 cells (dPC12) and anti-proliferative activities on HT-29 and HeLa cancer cells. Our data showed that alkaloid was major compound, the different concentrations of plant extracts had 35-90% in vitro AChE inhibitory activity and 26-54% cellular AChE inhibitory activity and it is dose dependent manner. Furthermore, G. acutidentatum methanolic extracts showed the highest anti-proliferative activity in HT-29 cells (45±5%) Both 1000 μg/ml methanolic extracts showed the maximum anti-proliferative effect in HeLa cells (64±3%). In conclusion, this study has shown that the anti-AChE and anti-proliferative effects of these two plants and the presence of a new AChEi may be effective in AD and cancer.

Screening and Evaluation of Invasive Weeds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Mtcc 3541) for Quorum Sensing Interference and its Free Radical Scavenging

Four invasive plants from the family of Amaranthaceae were challenged against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 3541) for quorum sensing interference. Gomphrena serrata (seed), Digera muricata (flower) and Alternanthera paronychioides (leaf) showed elevated anti swarming activity 61.14%, 73.60% and 68.99% respectively when compared with control. All the concentrations of plant extracts used do not inhibit the growth but the quorum sensing. Significant scavenging activity of free radicals was observed with seed and flower extracts is above 97% of Alternanthera paronychioides and Digeria muricata flower showed 97% of scavenging free radicals. Biofilm (70.92%), pyocyanin (79.08%) and Las A (76.26%) production was inhibited to the significant level by Alternanthera paronychioides leaf, flower and leaf respectively. From the results analysed it is the property of plant compound to interfere quorum sensing but not the single part of the plant contribute all the phenomenon of quorum sensing inhibition but the whole plant may do the activity on further research.

Antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of selected species used in livestock health management

Context: Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae), Colophospermum mopane (J.Kirk ex Benth.) J. Léonard (Leguminosae) and Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. (Leguminosae) crude extracts are used by local farmers against many livestock infections with little or no side effects usually associated with synthetic antimicrobials. However, their efficacy has rarely been tested.Objective: These plants were tested for potential antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC33862 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the crude plant extracts were determined.Materials and methods: Aqueous and methanol extraction of 100 g each of the bark of C. mopane, roots of D. cinerea and leaves of S. persica was done by placing the samples in 250 mL of either water or methanol. Nutrient broth was used as growth medium for the bacteria, and McFarland standard for bacterial standardization. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) was the indicator salt. Each of the aqueous and methanol extracts (100 μL) was tested. Gentamycin and ampicillin were the controls.Results: MIC of aqueous extracts ranged from 1.03–14.6 mg/mL against S. aureus, and from 12.1–34.3 mg/mL against E. coli. Methanol extracts ranged between 5.31 and 9.64 mg/mL against S. aureus, and between 7.86 and 13.6 mg/mL against E. coli. Aqueous and methanol extracts of S. persica were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than C. mopane and D. cinerea.Discussion and conclusion: Colophospermum mopane, S. persica and D. cinerea exhibited antibacterial activity, with methanol extracts performing better than aqueous extracts, justifying use as ethnoveterinary medicine. Further study to isolate the active components should be pursued.

Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. allii causing bacterial leaf blight of onion in sudan and antibacterial efficacy of plant extracts

Bacterial leaf blight of onion, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. allii, is a new disease of green bulb onion in Sudan. A study was conducted to test pathogenicity of the causative agent of onion bacterial leaf blight and evaluate the efficacy of certain plant extracts against the pathogen. Antibacterial activity of aqueous ethanolic plant extracts of desert rose (Adenium obesum), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus microtheca), button wood (Conocarpus erectus), tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mesquite (Prosopis julifora), at different concentrations, was assayed in vitro by well diffusion technique. The bacterium X. campestris pv. allii was isolated from leaf lesions and its pathogenicity was confirmed on onion leaves. There were significant differences between the extracts in their effect on bacterial growth and the best results were obtained at a high concentration (420 ppm) of plant extracts. Among the test plant extracts, mesquite extract revealed a high anti-bacterial activity with inhibition zone up to 38.6 mm. It was followed by eucalyptus extract with inhibition zone of 38.3mm, button wood and tamarind with inhibition zone of 38 mm each. Desert rose extract displayed lower inhibition zone of 20.2 mm as dcompare to the standard control of stryptomicin having inhibition zone of 36 mm. Thus plant extracts of eucalyptus, mesquite, button wood, and tamarind were promising and may help in the non-toxic, eco-friendly management of onion bacterial leaf blight disease.

The influence of enzymatic treatment on antimicrobial properties of knitted fabrics dyed with plant extracts

In this paper the influence of different types of pretreatment (hydrogen peroxide and enzymes) on antimicrobial properties of knitted fabrics dyed with plant extracts of Achillea millefolium L. was examined. Three different cotton fabrics with different constructional characteristics and surface masses were used. Knitted fabrics were treated with methanolic plant extract (concentration 25 mg/mL) by using bath exhaustion method and subsequently treated with alginate. Antimicrobial properties of knitted fabrics treated with plant extract of Achillea millefolium L. on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus by using parallel streaking method (AATCC TM 147) were tested. In addition to antimicrobial properties testing, the mass loss of pretreated knitted fabrics, water retention value and color difference of pretreated and dyed knitted fabrics were also tested, depending on the type of applied pretreatment of knitted fabrics. It was found that the enzymatically treated knitted fabrics dyed with methanolic extract of the plant Achillea millefolium L. (concentration 25 mg/mL) and subsequently treated with alginate had better antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, compared to knitted fabrics treated with H2O2.

The efficiency of some plant extracts for growth inhibition of Candida albicans and Trichophytonmentagrophytes

Plant extracts occupied a big place in diseases treatment and preserving human health because, they contain many active substances that can be exploited in the field of pharmaceutical manufacturing from natural materials. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of plant extracts for each of Nigella sativa, Alliumsativum and Allium cepa against the fungal growth of Candida albicans that cause many skin diseases and infections to humans as well as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which affects the hair, skin and nails. These two fungi have been isolated and diagnosed from people who have skin infection. Both fungal isolates were treated with extracts of Nigella sativa, Alliumsativum and Allium cepa, which are prepared by using the cold method of extraction. The results showed the effectiveness of Nigella sativa extract against C. albicans and T. Mentagrophytes within two weeks of incubation period. On the other hand, it has been found that the extract of Nigella sativa was more effective on C. albicans, as the rate of inhibition zone was 3.0-4.2 in diameter and 4.5-5.0 on SDA and ESDA media respectively. The results of the fungus T. mentagrophytes indicated that the inhibition zone was 3.2 -3 cm in diameter on SDA medium and 3.0- 4.2 cm on ESDA medium compared with control, as there were no inhibition zones appearance for both fungi. Moreover, the results showed that Allium sativum extract comes in second place in their effectiveness against fangal growth, whereas, the Allium cepa extract did not show any significant impact

Characterisation of Antimicrobial Properties of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants.

The scope of the experiments included analysis of the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts against bacterial and fungal cultures and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts tested microbial growth. Analysis of the antifungal and antibacterial activity was carried out by the disc diffusion method using paper discs. In the experiment 11 species of microorganisms - 8 bacterial and 3 fungal strains were used. The highest antimicrobial activity against the tested strains was demonstrated by black elder (Sambucus nigra L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) extracts. The study showed the diverse morphological activity of specific parts of elderberry and quince, which is the effect of different polyphenolic profile of these plants. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis showed the highest sensitivity to the effect of extracts of the analysed plants. As a positive control three antibiotics - amphotericin B, vancomycin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid were used.