Abstract
The synthesis of Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles by green methods has attracted remarkable attention in recent years because of its superiority above chemical approaches, owing to its low cost and ecological compatibility. In this present work, we describe a facile and environmentally friendly synthesis of Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) using an aqueous extract of aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. (OV) as a bioreductant. This plant is available in many parts of the world as well as in Saudi Arabia and is known to be a rich source of phenolic components, a feature we fruitfully utilized in the synthesis of Pd NPs, using various concentrations of plant extracts. Moreover, the OV extract phytomolecules are not only accountable for the reduction and progression of nanoparticles, but they also act as stabilizing agents, which was confirmed by several characterization methods. The as-synthesized Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Further, FT-IR study has proven that the OV not merely represents a bioreductant but also functionalizes the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the green synthesized metallic Pd NPs were successfully applied as catalysts for selective oxidation of alcohols.
Highlights
Metallic nanoparticles have been prepared by several physical and chemical approaches depending on the accessibility and viability of procedures to attain the essential applications [1,2].Chemical approaches comprise the application of wet chemistry, where the metal reduction is carried out in solution using several chemical reductants, such as hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, tri-sodium citrate [3,4], etc
In the current study, we describe a facile and environmentally-friendly technique for the preparation of Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) using an aqueous extract of aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. (OV) as a bioreductant
The role of the plant extract, both as stabilizing and reducing agent was established by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy as described in our previous investigations [36]
Summary
Metallic nanoparticles have been prepared by several physical and chemical approaches depending on the accessibility and viability of procedures to attain the essential applications [1,2]. The green synthesis for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles makes use of numerous approaches, comprising microwave, electrochemical, supercritical liquids, extracts from natural sources, sonochemical and ionic liquids under physiological and environmentally-friendly circumstances [18,19,20,21,22]. The binary role of these plant extracts in environmentally-friendly preparation of nanoparticles succeeds it as the best approach for synthesizing the nanoparticles directly accessible to be applied in several applications, biological and catalytic applications without post treatment [25,30] Such procedures do not need toxic or hazardous chemicals e.g., surfactants and sophisticated laboratory facilities or costly instruments.
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