Concentrations Of Kinetin Research Articles

Growth Promotion and In vitro Seed Germination of Lycium barbarum L. (Red Goji) Using Different Types of Cytokinins.

Lycium barbarum L., commonly known as red goji berry, is a widely recognized plant-based medicinal herb with nutritional and therapeutic properties. In this study, the effects of various cytokinins on the germination of L. barbarum seeds and the growth of seedlings were investigated under in vitro conditions. The berries were first surface sterilized and dissected, and the seeds were then cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/L) of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ), and kinetin (KIN) for 10 weeks at 25±2ºC with a photoperiod of 16 hours and a light intensity of 1000 lux. Upon observation after 10 weeks of culture, all cytokinin-treated cultures produced 100% seed germination as early as 7 days. KIN at 0.5 mg/L produced plantlets with the greatest height (8.40 ± 0.97 cm) with extensive rooting and the greatest total chlorophyll production. Besides, KIN at 1.5 mg/L resulted in the highest number of leaves per plantlet (6.90 ± 0.72), while 1.0 mg/L of TDZ led to the greatest biomass, i.e., fresh weight (FW) of 0.328 ± 0.05 gram and dry weight (DW) of 0.023 ± 0.003 gram. All cytokinins used in this experiment (BAP, TDZ, and KIN) promoted different in vitro growth promotion responses in L. barbarum. The effects of different types and concentrations of cytokinin on the height of plantlets, number of leaves per plantlet, fresh and dry weight, the extent of rooting, and the chlorophyll content were demonstrated to be statistically significant. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing in vitro cultivation techniques for goji berry propagation, which could contribute to developing superior cultivars and increased production of this superfruit in the future. For future perspectives, extended research in elucidating the underlying mechanism associated with cytokinin supplementation is imperative to understanding the roles of cytokinins and optimizing their effects on plant growth promotion.

In vitro seed propagation of Dendrobium moschatum as influenced by different plant growth regulators

This study aimed to develop an effective in vitro protocol for germinating and multiplying Dendrobium moschatum seeds by identifying optimal concentrations of plant growth regulators for shoot proliferation and root formation. Five different MS media formulations were utilized, including a control (M?) and those supplemented with varying concentrations of kinetin and NAA (M?, M?, M?) and BAP (M?). Results showed significant variation in seed germination time across media, with the longest duration observed in M? (76 days) and the shortest in M? (55 days). Protocorm formation and plantlet development were quickest in M?, while M? and M? exhibited the longest duration. The initiation of leaves or shoots occurred earliest in M? (103 days) and latest in M? (149 days). Notably, leaf and plantlet growth differed between three- and five-month intervals, with M? demonstrating optimal growth over the longer term. These findings underscore the importance of carefully balanced plant growth regulator concentrations in achieving successful seed germination and subsequent growth in D. moschatum.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI KINETIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SUBKULTUR PISANG KEPOK TIMBATU SECARA IN VITRO

Kepok Timbatu bananas are a local food source that is not yet popular in the community. These bananas are rich in nutrients and contain high levels of starch. However, they are rarely cultivated and not widely found, resulting in a limited supply of planting materials. Therefore, propagation through in vitro culture, particularly during the subculture stage, is necessary. This study aimed to determine the best kinetin concentration for the in vitro growth of Kepok Timbatu banana subcultures. The study was designed a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, testing kinetin concentrations in MS medium at four levels: k1 = 3 mg L-1, k2 = 5 mg L-1, k3 = 7 mg L-1, and k4 = 9 mg L-1. Observations in this study include time of browning appearance, browning percentage (1-6 weeks after subculture), time of shoot emergence, number of shoots (1-6 weeks after subculture), time of root emergence, number of roots (3-6 weeks after subculture), number of leaves (3-6 weeks after subculture), and shoot height. The results showed that the kinetin concentration did not significant effect on all observed variables.

Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis of Pontianak Siamese Orange Cotyledon Cultures on Murashige Skoog Media with the Addition of 2,4-D and Kinetin

Conventional citrus propagation has weaknesses, one of which is susceptible to CVPD(Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration) and other diseases which are the main cause of the decline in population and production of pontianak siam orange plants in West Kalimantan. One alternative to in vitro propagation of citrus seedlings is the induction of somatic embryogenesis. The purpose of the study was to obtain the best combination of 2,4-D and kinetin concentrations for callus induction and somatic embryo induction from Pontianak siam orange cotyledon explants, observing the developmental phase (stage) of embryos formed. The implementation of the study used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is the concentration of 2,4-D consisting of 4 concentration levels, namely 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 mg/L. The second factor is kinetin concentration consisting of 4 concentration levels, namely 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 mg/L.The observation parameters include the time of callus emergence (hst), the percentage of explants forming callus (%), the texture and color of the callus, observing the stage of the embryo found. The results showed that 72% of treatments were able to induce callus from pontianak siam orange cotyledons with an average callus appearance at 7 hst. The callus formed is compact and crumbly with varied callus colors, namely white, yellowish, greenish and brownish. The best treatment that produces embryogenic callus is the combination of D0.5K0.5; D1K1; D0.5K1.5; D1.5K1.5 and D2K2 with the characteristics of crumbly callus and yellowish and brownish colors. The results of microscopic observations found that the somatic embryo phase formed was the pro-embryo phase.

Optimization of the in-vitro culture protocol of Haworthiopsis viscosa and Haworthia truncata var. truncata

This study was conducted to optimize the in vitro culture of Haworthiopsis viscosa and Haworthia truncata var. truncate. The full and half concentration of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Gamborg (B5) after the disinfection of the explants was used to determine the suitable medium culture. The effect of the different concentrations of 6-benzyl aminopurine (BA) and Kinetin (Kin) (0, 1, 2, 3 and 6 mg/L) was investigated on the percentage of regeneration, callus formation and the number of seedlings regenerated. The different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/L) were used to investigate the seedlings rooting. Finally, the cocopeat + perlite, the sand +perlite and the vermicolit +perlite substrates were studied to determine the suitable substrate for compatibility. The results show that the use of MS culture medium at complete concentration was more successful than the other treatments and increased the regeneration and seedling percentage in both species. Also, the use of BA at a concentration of 1 mg/L (H. truncata var. truncate) and at a concentration of 3 mg/L (H. viscosa) increased the percentage of regeneration and the number of regenerated seedlings significantly and the regenerated seedlings had a very good quality. The rooting of seedlings in both studied species was the highest at 1 mg/L IBA. The use of NAA in the culture medium produced roots that stuck together and were fragile in some cases, which was not suitable for the compatibility. By comparing different substrates, it was found that the use of cocopeat + perlite increased the seedling compatibility percentage to more than 95% in both species.

Effect of seeding rate and spraying different levels of kinetin on some physiological and growth traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

A field experiment was conducted in the Al-Jazeera region (northwest of Tikrit city- Salaheddin governorate ) with the aim of studying the effect of seeding rates of the barley crop (Shu'a) and spraying plants with different levels of kinetin acid concentration on some physiological traits and vegetative growth. The factorial experiment was carried out using a fully randomized block design (factorial experiment) with three replications, with two factors: the first included two levels of seed quantities (160, 180) kg ha-1, and the second factor was the spraying of the growth regulator kinetin at three levels. (75, 50, and 0) mg L-1, and the results showed that the seed rate (160) kg ha-1 was superior to the duration of dry matter production by a difference of (12.92%), The chlorophyll content of the leaves increased by (12.05%), and the seed rate (180) kg ha-1 exceeded the height of the wheat plant by (6.95%) cm, while no significant differences were observed in leaf area and seeding rates. The concentration of the growth regulator kinetin was recorded as (75) mg L-1, which was significantly higher than the rest of the concentration levels of the regulator in both the duration of dry matter production and the two characteristics of plant height, with a difference of (18.49%) and leaf area, with a difference of (51.12%), respectively. Both the absolute growth rate and the chlorophyll content of leaves for the two concentrations (75 and 50) mg L-1 recorded a significant difference from the concentration (0) without addition, with an average difference of (21.24 and 25.98). %) for the two classes respectively.

Development of robust in vitro propagation protocol and cyto-genetic fidelity assessment of Siraitia grosvenorii (monk fruit)

Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey of the family Cucurbitaceae is a unique and precious plant of medicinal and economic importance in the international market. Due to the huge market potential and to narrow down the gap between demand and supply, an efficient in vitro propagation system using nodal explants was established. Shoot nodal segments were cultured in medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kn 1.0–7.5 µM). A two-stage culture is recommended for micropropagation of S. grosvenorii. The highest shoot multiplication was observed in BAP-supplemented medium (5.0 µM), whereas rooting was observed in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 8.75 µM of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Fully developed plantlets were acclimatized with 100 % survival in sterilized sand. These hardened 15-day-old plants were successfully established under shade net conditions in fields. In vitro raised plants were found genetically stable using molecular markers, including RAPD and ISSR. The 2C nuclear DNA content using flow cytometry was observed to be 0.73–0.76 pg. Hence, the protocol developed for in vitro propagation of S. grosvenorii is cost-effective and can be efficiently used for the industrial production of this natural sweetener and pharmaceutically important plants.

In Vitro Regeneration of Ragleaf (Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore) Using Kinetin

Micropropagation is a valuable means for large-scale production and preservation of invasive alien species such as ragleaf. To determine the concentration of kinetin adequate for in vitro growth of the ragleaf flower, seeds of the plant were propagated in vitro using Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with basal 0.5 mg L-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid and incubated for four weeks. The growing shoots were cut into pieces and inoculated into MS media with five kinetin concentrations: 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg L-1. The tubes were kept in an incubation room for seven weeks. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with ten replications. Shoot length (cm) and the number of leaves, nodes, and roots were measured. The control medium recorded less growth performance across all the variables, indicating the important role of the exogenous kinetin. The plants in 2.50 mg L-1 kinetin were the tallest (7.23±0.87 cm) with the highest number of leaves (28.17±2.57), nodes (10.50±1.02) and shoots (3.83±0.17). The media containing 2.50 mg L-1 kinetin also produced the highest number of roots (9.00), which is necessary for the survival of the seedlings. The results indicate that 2.5 mg L-1 is adequate for cultured C. crepidioides.

Growth response of sweet kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) seeds due to kinetin and coconut water application using tissue culture technique

Sweet kaffir lime is one of Aceh’s local fruit crops, which is rarely found anymore. The problem of sweet kaffir lime cultivation is the difficulty of generative and vegetative plant propagation. The general objective of this research is to preserve the Acehnese sweet kaffir lime from extinction. One way that can be done is through plant propagation in tissue culture. The experiment was conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh. This research used a two-factor, completely randomized design, and ten replications. Two factors were tried: the concentration of kinetin (0, 1, and 2 mg/L) and the concentration of young coconut water (0, 15, 30 %). The results showed that increasing kinetin concentration could reduce shoot length, number of leaves, root length and slow the root emergence time of sweet kaffir lime in vitro. The best treatment was the 0 mg/L kinetin (without kinetin). Increasing coconut water concentration could increase shoot length, number of leaves, and root length of sweet kaffir lime in vitro. The best treatment was 30% coconut water concentration.

Effect of Spirulina platensis extract on growth potential of in vitro culture pear

Pears are among the most economically important fruits in the world that are grown in all temperate zones. ‘Le-Cont’ rootstock pear is one of the gene sources used to improve fruit productivity, rootstock resistance, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Traditional propagation of pear. Pear is time-consuming and limited by a short growing season and hard winter conditions. Therefore, in vitro propagation is a suitable alternative method. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) and spirulina platensis extract at 5,10 and 20 % supplemented with different concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (Kin), individually or in combination with them. Treatments were used for in vitro shoot proliferation. Nodal segments were used as explants. MS medium augmented was 3mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) plus 20 % Spirulina platensis extraction then used for shootlets proliferation of micro-shoots. A combination of 3 mg/l BA and 20 % Spirulina platensis as a growth media resulted in a significant improvement in shoot proliferation. This combination produced the highest number of shoots (2.8 per explant) and leaves (6.3 per explant) similar with those containing MS media plus 20% extraction (2.9 per explant) and leaves (6.8 per explant). The longest shoots (2.97 cm) were obtained in each previous treatment. However, these shoots were similar with those produced from classical multiplication by MS according to ISSR analysis which scored 89.1 % of mono morphism percentage and 10.1 % polymorphism. The ISSR analysis shows the highest similarity index percentage for P5-P9 0.986301.

Effect of Varied Levels of Gibberellin, Anti-Gibberellin and Cytokinin on Growth and Tuberization in Potato

Plant hormones play a significant role in potato tuberization. While Gibberellins inhibit tuberization, anti-gibberellins (PBZ and CCC) and cytokinins promote tuberization in potato. The experiment demonstrated the clear roles of these hormones in facilitating tuberization in potato. Treatment with 25 ppm GA significantly increased plant height (44.56 cm) compared to the control (32.22 cm), while CCC, a Gibberellins (GA) inhibitor, reduced the plant height by inhibiting GA-induced stem elongation. Hormonal treatments affected the number of nodes, leaves, branches, SPAD readings, stem girth, root length and root weight with significantly higher values observed compared to the control. 50 ppm GA showed the highest number of stolons per plant (6.33), but surprisingly resulted in a few tubers per plant (1.7) compared to the control (1.8). However, both 5 ppm and 10 ppm BAP led to significantly more tubers per plant (2.1 and 3.2 respectively), as did 5 ppm and 10 ppm Kinetin (2.8 and 2.6 respectively). Regarding tuber fresh weight, all treatments except CCC and higher concentration of kinetin showed significantly higher fresh weight compared to control. In summary, 50 ppm Gibberellins increased the stolon number, while 10 ppm BAP increased the tuber number and fresh weight in potato

Response of Growth, Yield and Quality of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Kinetin Foliar Spraying

Field experiments were carried out during the spring and autumn seasons of 2019 in the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar in the Al-Hamidiyah region - Al-Ramadi district - Al-Anbar Governorate, to study the response of growth, yield and grain quality of sorghum (Inkath cv.) to spraying with kinetin at different growth stages. The experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to split plots arrangement at three replications, the main plots included foliar spraying of four concentrations of kinetin (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg L−1), while the sub-plots included three stages of spraying {(spraying at the five leaves stage, spraying at the end of the vegetative growth stage (beginning of flag leaf appearance) and spraying at the 25% flowering stage}. The results showed that the spraying of kinetin at a concentrations of 45 mg L−1 was significantly superior in the most of the studied traits, such as leaf area, 1000 grain weight, grain yield (3.548 and 5.110 ton ha−1) and grain protein content (11.04 and 11.56%) in the two seasons respectively. However, the spraying of kinetin at a high concentration (45 mg L−1) at the 25% flowering stage had a highest value of grain protein content in the autumn season.

Effect of 2,4-D and NAA in Callus Induction and Differentiation from Different Explants of Moringa Oleifera Lam

This study was carry out in the Laboratory of Plant Cells and Tissue Culture / Department of Forestry Sciences in the College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul during the year 2021-2022 to study the effect of adding different concentrations of 2,4-Dichloro-Phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) to the MS medium in the induction of callus from different parts of the Moringa oleifera Lam. and then study the effect of different concentrations of 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and Kinetin (Kin) on the differentiation of callus into buds and embryogenesis. Concerning callus induction, the results showed that 2,4-D or NAA in the nutrient medium was necessary after three weeks of cultivation 2,4-D was superior to NAA in the percentage of callus induction, as callus induction occurred by 100% of the explants cultured in the media supplemented with 0.1 mg.l−1 2,4-D. On the other hand, the parts (apical buds, single node, parts of the leaf blade, epicotyl, cotyledon, hypocotyl) differed significantly among themselves in the percentage of their ability on callus induction, as the cotyledons gave the highest rate of induction, amounting to 80%. The shoots resulting from the callus rooted after four weeks of cultivation in media supplemented with different concentrations of IBA at a rate of 100%, regardless of the concentration of IBA. The study proved the existence of a genetic match between the mother plants and the plants produced from the callus induction from them.

Effect of Planting Date and Spraying of Kinetin on some Growth and Flowering Characteristics of Fennel (foeniculum vulgar mill)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2021-2022 in Fallujah - Anbar Governorate located at 43 east longitude and 33 north latitude, in order to study the effect of three planting dates (15/11, 1/12 and 15/12) and three concentratin of kinetin (0, 75 and 150 mgl−1) on some growth and flowering characteristics of Fennel. were studied according to the split plot design according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three Replications, sowing dates occupied the main plot, while the concentrations of kinetin occupied the secondary plot. The results showed that there was a significant effect of planting dates, where the second date (1/12) was superior to giving it the highest average of plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf chlorophyll content, plant dry weight, and number of primary and secondary inflorescences per plant. Also, spraying with cyanine at a high concentration of 150 mg L−1 improved the characteristics of vegetative growth (plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf content of chlorophyll, dry weight of the plant) and flowering characteristics (primary and secondary inflorescences). The interaction between the study factors was the behavior of the individual factors in their effect on most of the studied traits, where the positive effect was in the interaction treatment between the second date and the concentration of 150 mg L−1 by giving it the highest average number of main inflorescences in the plant (96.01 inflorescences−1).

Micropropagation of Lepidium ostleri (Brassicaceae), a native endemic plant species

Lepidium ostleri S.L. Welsh & Goodrich (Ostler’s peppergrass) is an endemic plant species restricted to Ordovician limestone outcrops associated with the San Francisco Mountain Range in western Utah. Due to restricted population distribution and proximity to modern mining operations, L. ostleri is a species of conservation interest. This study focused on the development of a micropropagation protocol for propagating mature plants using plant tissue culture methods. Indirect shoot organogenesis was obtained from L. ostleri explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with various concentrations of BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), kinetin (N6-furfuryladenine), and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). Plantlets supporting shoots grown in vitro were pulse treated with differing strengths of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and transferred to sterile soil. Following root induction, plantlets were acclimated to ambient conditions. The successful development of a micropropagation protocol supports management activities for L. ostleri and also contributes to in vitro propagation knowledge at the species, genus, and family levels.

Callus Induction, Regeneration of Rice Variety BRRI Dhan29 and Determination of Lethal Dose Of Ethyl Methanesulfonate

Rice is an essential meal for a large section of the world's population including Bangladesh. BRRI Dhan29 is known as an excellent rice variety in Bangladesh but it is now susceptible to several diseases and pests, which might reduce rice yields. Therefore, it becomes necessary to explore and optimize different approach with the aim of enhancing yield, diseases resistance and overall genetic variability of this important rice variety. Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) produces a large number of non-lethal point mutations by alkylates guanine bases and leads to mispairing-alkylated guanine pairs with thiamine instead of cytosine. The LD50 of EMS is frequently used as a general indicator of a substance's acute toxicity and a lower LD50 is indicative of increased toxicity. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive protocol for callus induction, regeneration for the BRRI dhan29 rice and to determine the LD50% of EMS on callus survival for further genetic improvement. Mature embryos were used to induce callus by utilizing different concentrations (0.00, 0.5, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50, 3.00 and 3.50 mg/L) of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyactic acid (2, 4-D), while callus regeneration was studied using varying combine concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA: 0, 5, 10 and 15 μg/L) and kinetin (0.00, 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00 ml/L). The optimal concentrations for callus induction was 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and a combination of 10 μg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L kinetin were identified for efficient callus regeneration. The LD50 of EMS on BRRI dhan29 calli was 0.31%, indicating its potential mutagen for creating genetic variations. Regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized at field conditions. These findings might provide valuable insights for tissue culture-based studies and genetic improvement efforts for the BRRI dhan29. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 37(1): 1-10, 2023

Organs formation on Jabon trees (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq) by in-vitro: treatment of various iba-kinetin combination

The objective of this study aimed to determine the concentration of the combination Indolebutiric acid (IBA) - Kinetin suitable for the formation of roots of the Jabon plant (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq) in vitro. This research is a follow-up study of the initiation and propagation of in vitro shoots of Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb) Havil). The study was conducted at the Forestry Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, University of Tadulako from February 2018 to August 2018. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with the addition of IBA and Kinetin to Murashige and Skoog basic medium in various concentrations as treatments. Five concentration levels of combinations of IBA + Kinetin were studied, namely: H1(0.1 ppm IBA + 3 ppm Kinetin), H2 (0.5 ppm IBA + 1 ppm Kinetin), H3 (1.0 ppm IBA + 0.5 ppm Kinetin), H4 (1.5 ppm IBA + 0.3 ppm Kinetin), H5 (2 ppm IBA + 0.1 ppm Kinetin). The experimental results showed that the combination of 1 ppm IBA + 0.5 ppm Kinetin concentration could promote the formation of Anthocephalus cadamba roots the best compared to other treatments. Treatment of 0.1 ppm IBA + 3 ppm kinetin and treatment of 0.5 ppm IBA + 1 ppm kinetin did not respond to root formation, but encouraged the formation of the best shoots of Anthocephalus cadamba.

BAP and Kinetin Application for In Vitro Bud Induction of Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews.) from Stem Node Explants in the Initiation Stage

Due to the scarcity of seedlings, vanilla farming in Indonesia is not at its best. The goal of this study was to comprehend how BAP and Kinetin affected the introduction of vanilla buds as a sustainable seedling strategy. The study is carried out at Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia, at the Plant Tissue Laboratory of the Plantation Seeds Center and the Plant Tissue Laboratory of Diponegoro University’s Physiology and Plant Breeding Laboratory. A completely randomized design (CRD) 5 x 3 with two replications was utilized in the study. The first factor is BAP concentration: B0 = 0 mg.L−1, B1 = 0.6 mg.L−1, B2 = 1.2 mg.L−1, B3 = 1.8 mg.L−1, and B4 = 2.4 mg.L−1. The second factor is Kinetin concentration: K0 = 0 mg.L−1, K1 = 1 mg.L−1, and K2 = 2 mg.L−1. The result shows addition of BAP is able to shorten the day of bud emergence at 8 days. The addition of BAP and Kinetin did not significantly affect the number of buds. Application of BAP 1.44 mg.L−1 was able to increase bud length. There is interaction between Kinetin 2 mg.L−1 and the addition of BAP 2.4 mg.L−1 resulting in the largest bud diameter with a linear regression form. There is interaction between Kinetin 0 mg.L−1 and BAP 1.2 mg.L−1 resulting in the highest number of roots.

Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin on callus induction and growth of Physalis angulata L. leaf explants

Physalis angulata L. is an annual herbaceous plant used as traditional medicine. The roots, stems and leaves are used to treat diabetes, hypertension, fever and headaches. The fruit contains lots of provitamin A and has antitumor, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory activities. P. angulata leaves also contain secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, physalin A, physalin B, glycosides and stearic acid. The use of plants as a source of medicine is not only very dangerous for the survival of plants, but also not standardized. Secondary metabolites can be produced in callus by in vitro culture induced with appropriate growth regulators. Through callus culture, secondary metabolites or chemical substances from plants can be produced. This study aims to determine the effect of growth regulators 2,4-D and kinetin on callus induction time, the percentage of explants forming callus, fresh weight, dry weight, and callus morphology. This study was a laboratory experimental with a completely randomized design and 5 treatments (0.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 2.0 mg/L kinetin; 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.5 mg/L kinetin; 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L kinetin; 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L kinetin; 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.0 mg/L kinetin), each treatment consisted of five replications. The data obtained has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data were obtained from callus morphological (color and texture) descriptions. Quantitative data obtained from callus induction time, the percentage of explants forming callus, fresh weight and dry weight of callus were analyzed using SPSS 24 with a significance value of 0,05. Data analysis on the effect of 2,4-D and kinetin concentrations used the ANOVA test. Difference between treatments were tested using the Duncan´s multiple range test. The results showed that the suitable growth regulator for inducing callus growth in leaf explants of P. angulata L was 2.0 mg/L 2.4D + 0.0 mg/L kinetin. Growth regulator 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.0 mg/L kinetin induced callus in a short time i. e. 10.60 days after culture, resulting in the highest fresh and dry weight of callus i.e., 0.35 g and 0.03 g, as well as the percentage of explants forming callus 100%. Callus has a compact texture with a variety of colours.

Callogenesis of Dayak Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) Bulb in response of Picloram, 2,4-D, and Kinetin

Dayak onion contains bioactive compounds that are traditionally used for medicine. The production of bioactive compounds can be increased through callus culture. This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of plant growth regulator on the growth of Dayak bulb callus. The design of this study used a completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors. The first factor is the concentration of auxin. While the second factor is the concentration of kinetin. The parameters observed include the percentage of callus, the time of callus formation, fresh weight, dry weight, and callus morphology. In this study, a callus growth curve was also made to determine the best harvest time. The results showed that highest callus fresh weight was obtained in the P3K1 treatment. The percentage of callus formation in the picloram + kinetin treatment was higher than in the 2,4-D + kinetin treatment. The time of callus formation occurred in the combination of picloram + kinetin faster than the 2.4-D + kinetin treatment. The callus color is diverse, while the texture of the entire callus is compact. The best callus induction medium for Dayak onion bulbs is to use picloram 2-4 ppm + kinetin0.025-0.5 ppm. The results of this study provide optimal growth regulatory information for the induction of dayak onion callus that has never been reported before. This information can be the basis for the development of methods of production of bioactive compounds from dayak onions through callus culture.