Glycerol Concentration Research Articles

Beauveria bassiana submerged spores for control of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)): production, stability, and virulence.

In this study, IBCB 66, IBCB 868, and CBMAI 1306 isolates of Beauveria bassiana were grown in liquid culture for 4days, leading to elevated submerged spores (SS) levels. The influence of the addition of different glycerol concentrations (0, 3, and 6%) (v/v) in the liquid culture was investigated regarding the stability (at 4 and 27°C) of dried formulations. The virulence of SS was compared with aerial spores (AS) against Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). The results demonstrate the potential of using SS to control T. urticae. CBMAI 1306 and IBCB 868 isolates caused T. urticae mortality rates of 91.11% and 88.89% 5days after treatment, respectively, when applied at concentrations of 1 × 108 SS mL-1. The median Lethal Time (LT50) values for these strains were 2.64 and 2.61days, respectively. The dried formulations showed potential acaricidal activity. Higher glycerol concentrations in the liquid culture medium reduced formulation stability at 27°C.

DEVELOPING COMPOSITION AND STUDYING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND ANTIADHESIVE PROPERTIES OF BIOPOLYMER FILMS BASED ON COLLAGEN AND Na-CMC

The article presents the results of the compatibility of collagen and Na-CMC at various ratios. The study of the structure of the biopolymer composition collagen/Na-CMC/glycerol showed their full compatibility. For the first time, films were obtained from a collagen/Na-CMC/glycerol solution in an aqueous medium, which simplifies the technology for obtaining medicinal films and improves their bioavailability. Using electron microscopy and viscometric studies, the optimal ratio of collagen and Na-CMC 70/30 was chosen, at which materials with strength and viscosity suitable for the formation of a film material were obtained. The optimal concentration of the plasticizer glycerin – 17% – was selected and the physicochemical properties of the films were studied. It has been established that with a decrease in the concentration of glycerol below 17%, the elastic properties of the film deteriorate; an increase in the concentration of more than 17% does not improve the elasticity of the film, but leads to an overuse of the plasticizer. As a result of double plasticization, it is possible to obtain films with good plasticity, which is achieved due to the good compatibility of glycerol with Na-CMC. The microstructure of the films was studied by atomic force microscopy. It has been established that when Na-CMC and glycerol are added to the collagen mass in the established ratios, the uniformity of the films is observed due to the loosening of the collagen microstructure. The biological efficiency of the obtained films was evaluated under the conditions of the development of adhesions in laboratory animals in vivo. The results of the study of anti-adhesion activity indicate the high efficiency of the developed P-3 film for preventing adhesion formation after surgical interventions.

Plant glycerol suppresses brown rot of peach fruit by enhancing disease resistance

Peach fruit is susceptible to fungal contamination during postharvest storage and logistics. Brown rot resulting from Monilinia fructicola infection is one serious disease. Plant glycerol, a natural biodegradable sugar alcohol, can restrain several plant diseases. The inhibitory effect and its mechanism of plant glycerol treatment on brown rot of peach fruit were studied in current study. The findings revealed that 50 mg/g plant glycerol combined with 0.02 % Silwet L-77 surfactant could effectively delay the onset of brown rot caused by M. fructicola. But no concentrations of plant glycerol had significant inhibitory effect on sporangium germination and mycelium growth of M. fructicola. The activities of β-1,3-glucanase (GNS) and chitinase (CHI), the gene relative expression of β-1,3-glucanase (PpGNS), chitinase (PpCHI), pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PpPR1) and nonexpresser of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PpNPR1) and salicylic acid (SA) content were markedly promoted by plant glycerol treatment. The contents of O2−, H2O2 and oleic acid were significantly repressed, but the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and the expressions of glycerol kinase 1 (PpGLI1) and glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase (PpGPDH) were significantly improved. Plant glycerol treatment could induce disease resistance through systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in peach fruit, which might be related to improving the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, plant glycerol treatment is effective on inhibiting brown rot development and possesses potential application in postharvest peach fruit.

PHYSICAL AND THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPANDED FOAM GLASSES USING CRUDE GLYCEROL AS A FOAMING AGENT

Expanded foam glasses were fabricated from a clear color soda-lime silicate glass. Crude glycerol was used as an effective foaming agent which promoted small closed cell pores. This research studied the effect of crude glycerol content on the expanding characteristics and thermal properties. The expanding behavior relied on the thermal decomposition mechanism of the foaming agent as well as the sintereing temperature. Expanded foam glasses fabricated at 850°C showed uniform pore size compared to those fabricated at other temperatures (800°C and 900°C). Pore size of the synthesized foam glasses generally increased with increasing firing temperature. The evidence of black color in some areas for samples fabricated at 800°C occurred due to incomplete combustion of crude glycerol within the bulk structure. Samples produced at 850°C and 900°C showed white color shading associated with complete combustion of carbonaceous compound. Foam glasses sintered at 900°C showed structural distortion due to glass melting during the foaming process. Large holes or gaps within the structures occured due to the sweeping and combining of gas bubbles during sintering.

Simultaneous Lipid and Carotenoid Production via Rhodotorula paludigena CM33 Using Crude Glycerol as the Main Substrate: Pilot-Scale Experiments.

Rhodotorula paludigena CM33 is an oleaginous yeast that has been demonstrated to accumulate substantial quantities of intracellular lipids and carotenoids. In this study, crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, was used as a carbon source to enhance the accumulation of lipids and carotenoids in the cells. The culture conditions were first optimized using response surface methodology, which revealed that the carotenoid concentration and lipid content improved when the concentration of crude glycerol was 40 g/L. Different fermentation conditions were also investigated: batch, repeated-batch, and fed-batch conditions in a 500 L fermenter. For fed-batch fermentation, the maximum concentrations of biomass, lipids, and carotenoids obtained were 46.32 g/L, 37.65%, and 713.80 mg/L, respectively. A chemical-free carotenoid extraction method was also optimized using high-pressure homogenization and a microfluidizer device. The carotenoids were found to be mostly beta-carotene, which was confirmed by HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography), LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), and NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). The results of this study indicate that crude glycerol can be used as a substrate to produce carotenoids, resulting in enhanced value of this biodiesel by-product.

Shaping the chromatic characteristics of red wines by using biofilm-detached cells of Starmerella bacillaris strains

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 10 Starmerella bacillaris strains inoculated as planktonic or biofilm-detached cells on the chromatic characteristics of Montepulciano d’Abruzzo wine. Wines inoculated with biofilm-detached cells of St. bacillaris were characterized by a higher content of glycerol and viable yeast cells and a lower content of ethanol than those obtained with planktonic cells. Pyruvic acid content ranged from 45.99 mg/L to 48.19 mg/L and from 41.13 mg/L to 45.9 mg/L in wines fermented with biofilm-detached and planktonic cells, respectively. Wines obtained with biofilm-detached cells showed levels of anthocyanins ranging from 506.8 mg/L to 659.9 mg/L, while those fermented with free cells of St. bacillaris ranged from 518 mg/L to 612.6 mg/L. Similarly, the content of polyphenols was higher in wines inoculated with biofilm-detached cells. The different amounts of these compounds resulted in differences in the wine's color. Wines obtained with biofilm-detached cells of St. bacillaris had lower b* and h* values than those obtained with planktonic cells. These wines also showed higher a* values, indicating the presence of a stronger red color than the others, and lower clarity (L*). Moreover, the data obtained highlighted that it is possible to predict the color of young wines from must measurements. Further studies will be done to evaluate the role of other non-Saccharomyces yeasts, grown under different aggregation states, in the definition of wine color.

Applying beet peels as a brewing adjunct and its impact on flavour formation

Beer is a complex product, which can use a large diversity of matters as adjuncts. Beet peels (BP) is as a food waste generated from restaurant kitchens/industries. This study investigated the effect of BP as a brewing adjunct on volatile/phenolic compounds, and antioxidant properties of Beer. Worts supplemented with BP were produced using 4 treatments (including a control, B1, B2, and B3). Fermentations were conducted for 11 days at 18 °C, aged for 15 days at 3 °C, and bottled using 7 g of sucrose per bottle. Then maturated for 15 days at 20 °C. Samples were analysed using HPLC (non-volatile compounds), GC-MS (volatile compounds), and antioxidant activity. Increasing the amount of BP during wort preparation revealed a significant increase of volatile profile, phenolic composition, and antioxidant activity. In contrast, was observed a significant decrease in glycerol content. Finally, B2 contained a higher content of acetate esters, hydroxybenzoic/hydroxycinnamic acids and antioxidant activity.

Expression of recombinant human insulin precursor by Pichia pastoris in a 10 liter bioreactor

Recombinant insulin is a vital medicine for diabetic patients. This hormone is produced by microbes such as Pichia pastoris that carry the recombinant gene of a human insulin precursor (HIP). Large-scale protein production involves a bioreactor to promote the optimal condition for the yeast to express the protein target. In order to obtain a large amount of insulin, the cultivation of recombinant P.pastoris/pD902-IP carrying human insulin precursor gene in a bioreactor 10 Liter was developed. The isolate was cultivated in a half concentration of basal salt media for 124.5 hours. Induction of the protein was done by continual methanol feeding. The fermentation condition was set to have a temperature at 28°C, agitation at 300 rpm, aeration at 2 L/min and a pH value of around 5. Dry cell weight (DCW) was measured, and HPLC quantified the content of HIP, glycerol and methanol. This work’s DCW and HIP concentrations were 46.5 g/L and 928 mg/L, respectively. The results can be higher by increasing the number of cells in the culture or extending the cultivation time so that the HIP concentration may exceed 1 g/L.

The Characterization Of Porang Starch (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus) Biodegradable Plastic Using Sorbitol Plasticizer With The Glycerol Plasticizer Addition

This research investigated effect of morphological, mechanical and physical properties on biodegradable plastic made from porang starch with chitosan using, sorbitol plasticizer at concentration 60 and 80 wt%, with the addition of glycerol plasticizer at various concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%), made using the melt intercalation method with a gelatinization temperature of 80°C and drying temperature of 70°C. Plasticizer was added to improve flexibility and water absorption of biodegradable plastic properties. Increasing the concentration of the plasticizer resulted in an increase in the elongation of the biodegradable plastic. The biodegradable plastic showed greater tensile strength before addition glycerol plasticizer 1,9191 MPa at 60% concentration and 1,3018 MPa at 80%. Conversely, the addition of 100% glycerol concentration showed an increase in elongation of 77.7764% at 60% sorbitol and 171.0562 at 80% sorbitol. SEM characterization results still showed agglomeration and FTIR not showed any new functional groups. The results of this research indicate that the percentage and kind of plasticizer influence the physical, mechanical, morphological and degradation properties to porang starch biodegradable plastics.

Effect of Glycerol Content in Gelatin/Glycerol Composite Films Loaded with Erythromycin

Effect of Glycerol Content in Gelatin/Glycerol Composite Films Loaded with Erythromycin

Electrochemical properties of a novel EDLC derived from plasticized biopolymer based electrolytes with valuable energy density close to NiMH batteries

This study introduces a novel system of solid electrolytes for electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) utilizing biopolymer electrolytes with high energy density comparable to NiMH batteries. To prepare the electrolytes, a proton-conducting plasticized chitosan: poly(2-oxazoline) (POZ) with good film-forming properties was fabricated using a solution casting technique, and ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NH4CF3SO3) salt was employed as a proton provider. Various glycerol concentrations were incorporated into the chitosan:POZ: NH4CF3SO3 system to enhance the ionic conductivity and fully transparent films were obtained. The impedance technique was utilized to determine the conductivity and measure the diffusion coefficient, mobility, and number density of ions. The electrochemical measurements, including linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), validated the high performance of the system. The EDLC was examined using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) equipment, and the results revealed an energy density of 43 Wh/kg, specific capacitance of 300 F/g, and power density of 1800 W/kg over 500 cycles. These findings suggest that it is plausible to develop EDLCs that resemble batteries, making them a more desirable energy storage option for the industry.

Determination of Physical Stability Spray Sunscreen of Extract Wungu Leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) with Varied Concentrations of Glycerine as A Humectant

Determination of Physical Stability Spray Sunscreen of Extract Wungu Leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) with Varied Concentrations of Glycerine as A Humectant

Application of the VSP near-infrared fluorescence probe in hyperlipidemia viscosity monitoring

This study introduces a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe named VSP, designed to effectively and sensitively monitor viscosity changes both internally and externally. Through an enhanced conjugation structure of the fluorescent molecule and the incorporation of hydrophilic groups, the VSP probe showcases remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in its ability to detect viscosity alterations. Notably, the linear correlation between its fluorescence intensity and glycerol content presents the possibility of quantitative viscosity detection, holding significant promise for applications in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. Moreover, its biocompatibility supports its use for monitoring viscosity within cellular environments. An exceptional attribute is its ability to accurately distinguish between hyperlipidemic model mice and normal mice in animal imaging as well as serum samples, underscoring its potential for early-stage diagnosis of elevated lipid levels and risk assessment for cardiovascular diseases. VSP's potential was demonstrated in cell imaging and differentiation between high-fat and normal mice based on blood serum viscosity. This promising tool holds significant potential for biomedical research and clinical applications in monitoring and analyzing changes in biological systems.

Osmotic Stress Alleviation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for High Ethanol Fermentations with Different Wort Substrates

High-gravity fermentation, used for ethanol production from sugarcane, corn, and mixed substrates, offers several benefits. Yeast, a rapidly multiplying unicellular microorganism, can be adapted for high sugar and ethanol tolerance on a lab scale. However, different substrates can enhance fermentation efficiency. Our study consisted of two experiments. In the first, we compared simple batch feeding with a fed-batch system for yeast selection in high-gravity fermentation. We ran eight cycles with increasing initial sugar contents (50 to 300 g L−1). No significant differences were observed in the first seven cycles, but in the eighth, the fed-batch system showed lower glycerol and fructose contents and higher cell viability than the simple batch system. In the second experiment, we used the fed-batch system with 300 g L−1 from sugarcane, corn, and mixed wort. The results showed that mixed wort produced higher ethanol contents and greater fermentation efficiency compared to corn and sugarcane as substrates. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the fed-batch system is more suitable for high-gravity fermentation on a lab scale, and the combination of sugarcane juice and corn can enhance fermentation efficiency, paving the way for integrating these substrates in industrial ethanol production.

Follistatin-like 1 is a myokine regulating lipid mobilization during endurance exercise and recovery.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) and disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2a) axis in relation to lipid metabolism during and after endurance exercise and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of Fstl1 on adipocytes, considering its regulation by exercise and muscle mass and its link to obesity. Twenty-nine sedentary males participated in endurance exercise, and blood samples were collected during and after the exercise. Body composition, Fstl1, glycerol, epinephrine, growth hormone, and atrial natriuretic peptide were measured. 3T3-L1 adipocytes, with or without DIP2a knockdown, were treated with Fstl1 to assess glycerol release, cyclic AMP/cyclic GMP production, and hormone sensitive lipase phosphorylation. The association between DIP2a gene expression levels in human adipose tissues and exercise-induced lipolysis was examined. Fstl1 levels significantly increased during endurance exercise and following recovery, correlating with lean body mass and lipolysis. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Fstl1 increased glycerol release, cyclic GMP production, and hormone sensitive lipase activation, but these effects were attenuated by DIP2a knockdown. DIP2a gene expression in human adipose tissues correlated with serum glycerol concentrations during endurance exercise. Fstl1 is a myokine facilitating lipid mobilization during and after endurance exercise through DIP2a-mediated lipolytic effects in adipocytes.

Transcription Factor MITF Inhibits the Transcription of CPT1B to Regulate Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Thus Affects Stemness in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

Introduction: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play critical roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression, and fatty acid oxidation is key for CSC growth and survival. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms regulating fatty acid β-oxidation in LUAD is important for its treatment. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis assessed CPT1B and MITF expression and their correlation in LUAD tissues, as well as the pathways enriched by CPT1B. qRT-PCR assessed expression of CPT1B and MITF, while CCK-8 and sphere-forming assays were used to measure cell viability and stemness, respectively. Dual staining detected lipid accumulation, while kits were used to measure fatty acid β-oxidation and glycerol content. qRT-PCR was used to assay expression of lipid oxidation genes. Western blot was used to examine expression of stem cell-related markers. Dual-luciferase assay and ChIP assay were used to verify the binding relationship between MITF and CPT1B. Results: CPT1B was found to be highly expressed in LUAD and enriched in linoleic acid metabolism pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway. Functional experiments showed that CPT1B could promote stemness in LUAD cells by regulating fatty acid β-oxidation. Additionally, CPT1B was found to be regulated by the upstream transcription factor MITF, which was lowly expressed in LUAD and could downregulate CPT1B expression. Rescue experiments revealed that CPT1B/MITF axis could affect stemness in LUAD cells by regulating fatty acid β-oxidation. Conclusion: Transcription factor MITF inhibited transcription of CPT1B to regulate fatty acid β-oxidation, thereby suppressing stemness in LUAD cells. MITF and CPT1B may become new targets for LUAD.

Effect of Glycerol Concentrations on the Characteristics of Cellulose Films from Cattail (Typha angustifolia L.) Flowers.

Plastic waste has become a big problem for the environment globally. Biodegradable polymers are a potential replacement for plastics that can have a positive outcome both environmentally and economically. In this work, we used acid hydrolysis and alkaline treatment to extract cellulose fibers from cattails. The obtained cellulose was used as a substrate for the fabrication of cellulose film using a casting technique on plastic plates. Different concentrations of the plasticizer, glycerol, were used to prepare films for comparison, and its effects on the film's characteristics were observed. The morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability of the cattail cellulose (CTC) films were studied using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Measurements of transparency, moisture content (MC), water solubility (MS), and water contact angle (WCA) were also performed. Introducing glycerol into the films increased the transparency, MC, and WS values, as well as the gap width between film textures. However, it resulted in a decrease in the WCA of the films, showing that the hydrophilicity of the films is increased by the addition of glycerol. The interaction between the functional groups of cellulose and glycerol was established from the ATR-FTIR and XRD data. The obtained results indicated that glycerol affected the thermal stability and the degree of crystallinity of the produced films. Accordingly, the hydrophilicity of the cellulose film was increased by increasing the glycerol content; therefore, cattail cellulose films can be used as a biodegradable alternative to plastic in the future.

Effects of Supplementing Growing–Finishing Crossbred Pigs with Glycerin, Vitamin C and Niacinamide on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of supplementing the diet of growing–finishing pigs with glycerin and/or a mixture of vitamin C and niacinamide on carcass traits and pork quality. Eighty-four weaned piglets with an initial average body weight of 20.35 ± 2.14 kg were assigned, at random, to four groups for a 103-day feeding experiment: control; glycerin-supplemented group; vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented group; and glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented group. At the end of the experiment, three pigs/group were randomly selected and slaughtered, and samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated that supplementing crossbred pigs with glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide simultaneously increased the redness (a*) value (p < 0.05), glycerol content (p < 0.01) and myristoleic acid content (p < 0.01) in the longissimus dorsi and tended to increase the level of flavor amino acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid, as well as the percentage and density of type I myofibers in the longissimus dorsi and the semimembranosus muscle. Glycerin had an influence (p < 0.01) on the erucic acid content in the longissimus dorsi and the semimembranosus muscle, and vitamin C and niacinamide had an interaction effect (p < 0.05) on the redness (a*) value of the longissimus dorsi. Glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide supplementation in the diet of crossbred pigs improved the color, flavor and nutritional value of pork, which contributed to an increased intent to purchase this product.

Effect of the sorbitol to glycerol weight ratio and sugarcane bagasse concentration on the physicomechanical properties of wheat starch-based biocomposite

This study involved fabricating thermoplastic wheat starch–sugarcane bagasse biocomposites through melt mixing method. The effect of sugarcane bagasse concentration at 3 levels of 0 wt.%, 7.5 wt.% and 15 wt.% of wheat starch and sorbitol:glycerol weight ratio at 4 levels of 0:4, 1:4, 2:4 and 4:4 on their physicomechanical properties was evaluated. The results indicated that increasing both of the weight ratio of sorbitol to glycerol and the concentration of bagasse generally led to a significant increase in tensile strength and modulus, but a decrease in elongation at break and equilibrium moisture content. The biocomposite containing the weight ratio of sorbitol:glycerol of 0:4 and bagasse concentration of zero, had the lowest tensile strength (0.22 MPa) and tensile modulus (0.23 MPa), and the highest elongation at break (103.1%) and equilibrium moisture content (30.6%) and conversely The biocomposite containing the weight ratio of sorbitol:glycerol of 4:4 and bagasse concentration of 15, had the highest tensile strength (5.3 MPa) and tensile modulus (371.5 MPa), and the lowest elongation at break (1.5%) and equilibrium moisture content (20.6%). Moisture absorption was also studied using the Peleg model, which showed that samples with lower weight ratios of sorbitol to glycerol and lower bagasse concentrations had higher initial moisture absorption rates and greater moisture absorption capacity. The investigation of thermal behavior of the biocomposites by TGA analysis showed improved thermal stability of the biocomposites by increasing both of the sorbitol:glycerol weight ratio and the bagasse concentration. Finally, the FTIR spectrum revealed an increase in hydrogen and polar bonds in the biocomposites compared to pure starch.Graphical

Preparation of bioplastic film from chitosan and mango (Mangifera Indica L. Anacardiaceae) kernel starch by casting method

The accumulation of plastics in landfills and oceans has encouraged the development of biodegradable plastic products from renewable sources. Natural polymers are excellent candidates that need further modification of their functional and structural properties comparable to conventional plastics. This study aims to fabricate and optimize the formulation of bioplastic films from chitosan and mango kernel starch with glycerol as a plasticizer using response surface methodology (RSM). The chitosan-to-starch mass ratio (1:0.17 to 1:5.83) and glycerol concentration per gram of dry polymer (15.86% to 44.14%) were assigned as the independent variables to design an empirical model that describes the films’ elastic modulus as the sole response. The results yielded an optimal formulation of 1:0.17 chitosan-to-starch mass ratio (2% weight by volume chitosan solution blend) with 15.86% glycerol (per gram of dry chitosan and starch). Reproduction of the optimized film was carried out to validate the empirical model. Characterization of the films’ mechanical and barrier properties, surface morphology, and biodegradability were also investigated in this work. The results suggest that the functional properties of the bioplastic film surpass other chitosan-based bioplastic film blends and can be developed further to become a more sustainable alternative to conventional plastic packaging products.