Concentrations Of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Research Articles

Influence of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) on the Structural Stability of Endoglucanase from Aspergillus aculeatus

The effect of the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the structure and function of endoglucanase is studied. In the presence of 2 mM EDTA, endoglucanase showed an enhanced enzymatic activity of 1.5-fold compared to control. No further change in activity was observed with increase in the concentration of EDTA to 5 mM. The K(m) values for control and in the presence of EDTA are 0.060 and 0.044%, respectively, and K(cat) was 1.9 min(-1) in the presence of EDTA. The kinetic parameters indicated a decrease in the K(m) with an increase in the K(cat). Far-ultraviolet circular dichroism (far-UV-CD) results showed a 20% decrease in ellipticity values at 217 nm in the presence of EDTA compared to native enzyme. The apparent T(m) shifted from a control value of 57 ± 1 to 76 ± 1 °C in the presence of EDTA (5 mM). The above results suggested that the enhanced activity in the presence of EDTA is due to an increase in the K(cat) and flexible conformation of the enzyme. The stability of endoglucanase increased in the presence of EDTA.

Facile fabrication of ultrasmall and uniform copper nanoparticles

Ultrasmall and uniform copper nanoparticles were synthesized through a trace-level ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-assisted wet chemical route in which Cu(OH) 2 colloid, KBH 4 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used as the Cu source, the reducing agent, and the protective agents, respectively. The copper nanoparticles exhibit a spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution, a uniform shape, and the average diameter of ca. 4 nm. The presence of trace EDTA is indispensable for the preparation of ultrasmall and uniform copper nanoparticles. EDTA concentration directly influences the copper nanoparticle size and uniformity. As EDTA concentration decreases, the size of the copper nanoparticles decreases, whereas the uniformity increases. The possible formation mechanism of ultrasmall and uniform copper nanoparticles was determined according to experimental results.

DNA Interaction Studies of Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid Food Additive and Selenium Effect in DNA Cleavage-Inhibition

The interaction of native calf thymus DNA with ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA) in Tris-HCl buffer at pH = 7.8 (at this pH EDTA forms a disodium salt) was investigated. EDTA is widely used in medicine, food technology, and the chemical industry. The DNA binding mode of EDTA was monitored by absorption spectrophotometry, circular dichrosim, viscometry, and gel electrophoresis. Ultraviolet spectra of DNA showed small hyperchromicity with increase in EDTA concentration. The circular dichrosim signals at 245 and 280 nm indicated structural changes in DNA structure, and no significant effect on DNA viscosity was observed in the presence of increasing amounts of EDTA. Results are indicative of an outside, nonintercalative binding mode of EDTA to DNA. Moreover, gel electrophoresis studies showed considerable oxidative cleavage of plasmid DNA by EDTA. Mechanistic aspects of the chemical nuclease reactions were investigated using the OH radical quencher dimethylsulfoxide. In the presence of selenium, DNA cleavage by EDTA was inhibited.

Reversible Assembly and Disassembly of Gold Nanorods Induced by EDTA and Its Application in SERS Tuning

A facile and reversible method for assembling and disassembling gold nanorods (GNRs) using a common chelating agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), is reported. Assembly was induced by the electrostatic interaction between the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) bilayer present on GNRs and EDTA. At lower concentrations of EDTA, end-to-end assembled chains were formed. At higher concentrations of EDTA, these chains come together to form sheet-like structures. The complex of CTAB and EDTA, being labile, disassembles in the presence of stronger chelating agents. Upon addition of metal ions having higher formation constants, EDTA detaches from the GNRs and forms stronger complexes with metal ions, resulting in disassembly. Characteristic changes were observed in the UV/vis spectra. Addition of EDTA resulted in a red shift of longitudinal surface plasmon (LSP) resonance at lower concentrations, indicating an end-to-end assembly. At higher concentrations, the characteristic of side-by-side assembly was seen in the UV/vis spectra. TEM analysis proved the existence of end-to-end chains at lower concentrations of EDTA and side-by-side assembled sheet-like structures at higher concentrations. The addition of metal ions induced disassembly. Even 2 ppb of metal ion was detected using the spectral changes. Disassembly was studied in detail, taking Pb(II) as the model system. Upon addition of Pb(II), TSP showed a blue shift and decreased in intensity while the LSP showed a red shift and increased in intensity. A new peak at a higher wavelength region emerged, pointing to the existence of both side-by-side and end-to-end assembly in the system. TEM analysis showed that the disassembly involves the formation of bundled chains which may be the reason for the observed spectral changes. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of the system could be tuned by controlling the concentration of EDTA and the metal ion, Pb(II).

Assessment of the effects of different concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on erythrocytic indices of Nigerian White Fulani cattle and West African Dwarf goat

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of varying concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on blood samples from White Fulani breed of cattle and West African Dwarf goat from Nigeria. Sample sizes of 20 animals were used for both species. Different concentrations of EDTA (2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/ml) were used. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration of blood samples collected from White Fulani breed of cattle and West African Dwarf goat into bottles containing 16 mg/ml of EDTA were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those samples collected from the same animals into bottle containing 2 mg/ml (control). Similarly, the PCV, RBC and Hb values of the West African Dwarf goats in bottles containing 8 mg/ml of EDTA were significantly lower than those of the samples in the control (2 mg/ml). This study has shown that high concentration of EDTA as an anticoagulant can lead to a false erythrocytic index especially the PCV. In collecting blood samples for evaluation of haematological parameters, therefore, the blood volume/anticoagulant ratio must be strictly adhered to prevent error in the evaluated parameters in cattle and goats. Taken together, there is tendency for haemolytic anaemia to occur in blood sampled at higher concentration of anticoagulants in West African Dwarf goat than in White Fulani breed of cattle.

Artifact-inducing enrichment of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid on anion exchange resins

Multivalent metal chelators, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA), are used extensively during protein purification. Both strong (Q) and weak (DEAE) anion exchange resins were found to adsorb surprisingly large quantities of EDTA and EGTA that elute from the resin at NaCl concentrations of approximately 240 mM (EDTA) and 140 mM (EGTA). The EDTA/EGTA elution and saturation parameters were determined for five commonly used anion exchange resins. The resulting concentration of eluted EDTA was 10- to 200-fold higher than that originally present in the sample or in the mobile phase. Samples from fractions containing such a high concentration of EDTA were found to inhibit Mg 2+-dependent polymerase chain reaction (PCR). EDTA binding to the anion exchange resins could saturate the resin, decrease its binding capacity, and displace weakly bound proteins such as green fluorescent protein (GFP). Several steps are suggested to minimize on-column EDTA concentration, including column equilibration in the absence of any EDTA, lower concentrations (0.1–0.5 mM) of EDTA, monitoring eluate absorbance at 280 nm as well as at 215 nm, adding EDTA back into fractions eluting before the EDTA peak, and performing blank column runs to control for the effect of changes in EDTA concentration in downstream assays.

Concentração de anticoagulante, tempo e temperatura de armazenagem sobre os parâmetros hematológicos no hemograma automatizado

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar os efeitos do tempo de estocagem, da temperatura de armazenamento e da quantidade de anticoagulante sobre parâmetros hematológicos de cães. Foram utilizadas amostras do sangue de dez cães de raças variadas, clinicamente hígidos. As alíquotas foram colhidas com 1,8mg; 3,6mg; 7,2mg e 14,4mg de ácido etilenodiaminotetracético (EDTA) por mL de sangue, distribuídas em dois grupos: de 2°C a 8°C e temperatura ambiente. Após a coleta, foram avaliadas em quatro tempos: 0, 12, 24 e 48 horas. Usando um contador automático de células, foram avaliados leucócitos, eritrócitos, hemoglobina, hematócrito, volume corpuscular médio (VCM), índice de anisocitose eritrocitária (RDW), plaquetas e plaquetócrito (PCT). O valor do VCM diminuiu nas maiores concentrações de EDTA (7,2mg mL-1 e 14,4mg mL-1), com decréscimo de 2,36% na maior concentração. A temperatura e o tempo de armazenagem também ocasionaram alteração nesse parâmetro, ou seja, houve decréscimo no tempo 12 horas à temperatura de 2 a 8°C e aumento nos tempos 24 e 48 horas à temperatura ambiente (P&lt;0,05). A temperatura de conservação influenciou discretamente a contagem de leucócitos e eritrócitos, que apresentaram valores menores na temperatura ambiente. Hemoglobina, hematócrito, plaquetas e PCT não apresentaram alteração significativa. As alterações observadas não comprometeram os resultados obtidos no contador automático, mostrando que as amostras sanguíneas, conservadas por 48 horas, mantiveram-se em boas condições para análise, principalmente quando armazenadas à temperatura de 2 a 8°C.

Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Chelating Agents Using the Agar Diffusion Method

The agar diffusion assay was used to examine antibacterial activity of 2 metal chelators. Concentrations of 0-40 mM of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylenediamine-N,N’-disuccinic acid (EDDS) were prepared in 1.0 M potassium hydroxide (KOH). The pH of the solutions was adjusted to 11.0 with citric acid and wells in agar media seeded with bacterial isolates were filled with the solutions. Agar plates were incubated at 35 C for 18-24 h and zones of inhibition around the agar wells were measured. o Results indicated that 10 mM EDTA produced significant (p<0.05) zones of inhibition of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus simulans growth, while 20 mM of EDTA produced significant (p<0.05) zones of inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium. Increases in the concentration of EDTA added to agar wells generally produced significantly increases in the size of zones of inhibition. EDDS only inhibited growth of A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa. Significant (p<0.05) zones of inhibition of both isolates were produced by 10 mM of EDDS and significantly larger zones were produced by higher concentrations of EDDS, although intrazonal growth of A. calcoaceticus was present in all zones of inhibition of this isolate. The addition of these chelators to formulations of sanitizers used in poultry processing may improve the ability of sanitizers to wash away microorganisms on processed carcasses, but findings from this study indicate that these chelators also possess antimicrobial activity that may aid in reducing contamination of carcasses.

Eisenia fetida avoidance behavior as a tool for assessing the efficiency of remediation of Pb, Zn and Cd polluted soil

Remediation by means of soil leaching with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is capable of extracting the most labile soil fractions, leaving the residual metals in biologically non-available forms. We evaluated the feasibility of the standardized earthworm ( Eisenia fetida) avoidance test for assessing the efficiency of soil remediation of Pb, Zn and Cd polluted soil. Chemical extraction tests (six-step sequential extraction, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, physiologically based extraction test, diethylenediaminepentaacetic acid extraction) indicated that the mobility, oral bioaccessibility and phytoavailability of Pb, Zn and Cd were consistently reduced. However, the avoidance test showed no significant avoidance of polluted soil in favor of that which had been remediated. Pb, Zn and Cd accumulation in E. fetida mirrored the decreasing pattern of metal potential bioavailability gained by leaching the soil with increasing EDTA concentrations. The calculated bioaccumulation factors indicated the possibility of underestimating the metal bioavailability in soil using chemical extraction tests.

Voltammetric monitoring photodegradation of EDTA based on carbon nanotubes-modified electrode

This work described a fast and sensitive voltammetric method developed for monitoring the photodegradation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Due to the unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) such as negative charges, large surface area and excellent electron transfer ability, metal ion namely Fe 3+ showed a pair of well-defined redox response peaks on the CNTs-modified electrode. When EDTA was present in the solution, the voltammetric response of Fe 3+ was suppressed due to the chelating interaction between Fe 3+ and EDTA. In acetate buffer solution, the concentration of EDTA was found to be inversely proportional to the decreased cathodic peak current in the range of 1.0 × 10 −6 to 1.0 × 10 −4 mol/L with a detection limit (3S/N) of 6.5 × 10 −7 mol/L. While EDTA was degraded by UV irradiation, the voltammetric response on the CNTs-modified electrode was enhanced due to the reduced amount of EDTA species chelating with Fe 3+. Accordingly, the concentration variation of EDTA during the photodegradation was analyzed. The effects of H 2O 2 and pH on the photodegradation of EDTA were investigated. Thus, the proposed CNTs-based voltammetry provided a useful analytical tool for studying the degradation of EDTA.

Removal of EDTA from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Rubber Wood Sawdust: Kinetic and Equilibrium Modeling

AbstractAdsorptive removal of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) from aqueous solution was studied using steam pyrolyzed activated carbon. Rubber wood sawdust, obtained from a local timber facility at Kodangavila, Trivandrum, Kerala, India was used as the precursor for the production of the activated carbon. Batch adsorption experiments were employed to monitor and optimize the removal process. The experimental parameters, i. e., solution pH, agitation time, initial EDTA concentration and adsorbent dosage, affecting the adsorption of EDTA onto sawdust activated carbon (SDAC) were optimized. The inner core mechanism for the interaction between EDTA and SDAC, which resulted in the adsorption process, was also discussed. The change in amount of EDTA adsorbed onto SDAC and CAC (commercial activated carbon) was compared over a wide range of pH (2.0–8.0). The maximum removal of EDTA took place in the pH range of 4.0–6.0 for SDAC and 5.0–5.5 for CAC, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the former adsorbent. Kinetic as well as equilibrium studies were performed to determine the rate constant and adsorption capacity, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data was fitted with pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and the equilibrium data was shown to follow the Langmuir isotherm model. These observations explain the formation of a monolayer of EDTA on the surface of SDAC as confirmed by the slow approach to equilibrium after 4 h of contact time. The adsorption capacity of SDAC for the removal of EDTA was 0.526 mmol/g and is seen to be greater than that of CAC and other reported adsorbents (0.193–0.439 mmol/g). Finally, it is clear that the production of steam pyrolyzed activated carbon in the presence of K2CO3 greatly enhanced EDTA removal and resulted in a product with possible commercial value for wastewater treatment strategies.

Lipoxygenase: Optimization of Extraction and Evaluation of its Contribution to Virgin Olive Oil Aroma

The volatile compounds responsible for the pleasant aroma of virgin olive oil are mainly derived from products of the lipoxygenase pathway. Lipoxygenase activity was assessed in olive pulp extracts. An optimization of its extraction by a 24 experimental design was performed. Four parameters considered as influencing the extraction were optimised using minimum and maximum levels. The polyvinylpolypyrrolidone quantity seemed to be the more influencing parameter, followed by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid concentration, pH value, and dithiothreitol concentration. To establish whether the levels of lipoxygenase activity correspond to the enhancement of olive oil aroma, we investigated the addition of soybean lipoxygenase extracts during malaxation. Volatile profiles analysis showed that lipoxygenase had a potential effect on the production of green and fruity note of olive oil.

The effect of application time of mobilising agents on growth and phytoextraction of lead by Brassica napus from a calcareous mine soil

Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites is often limited by the low-bioavailability of the contaminants. Complexing agents can help to improve this technique by enhancing heavy metal solubility. Pot experiments were conducted to determine the best time for the application of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sheep manure extract (SME) for phytoremediation of a contaminated soil by Brassica napus. The plant was grown on a mine calcareous soil treated with increasing concentrations of EDTA or SME 30 and 10 days before sowing (T1 and T2) and 10 and 30 days after sowing (T3 and T4). Soil available Pb and lead concentrations in plant organs of Brassica napus increased with EDTA concentration. The EDTA application before seed germination significantly reduced rapeseed seedling emergence and dry weight. However, the actual amount of phytoextracted Pb by rapeseed did not decrease significantly, due to severe growth depression, at high EDTA concentrations when it had applied at a suitable time (T4). SME application after sowing increased plant dry weight and Pb concentration in the soil solution and enhanced the accumulated metal concentrations in shoots and roots. Comparing the effect of EDTA and SME on Pb phytoextraction, the study showed that SME is not more effective than EDTA. The efficiency of EDTA on Pb phytoextraction by Brassica napus depends on the time of application. The most efficient treatment for Pb phytoextraction by rapeseed was application of 2 g EDTA/kg soil at T4.

Recovery of Nickel from Spent Industrial Catalysts Using Chelating Agents

The extraction of nickel from a spent primary steam reformer catalyst from an ammonia plant was carried out by chelation using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as the chelating agent. Ni recovery was optimized by varying the particle size distribution of catalyst (pretreatment of spent catalyst), stirring speed, temperature (particularly in an autoclave, where temperatures ranging from 100 to 200 °C were used), EDTA concentration, and solid-to-liquid ratio. Approximately 95% Ni recovery was achieved in the Ni extraction carried out under hydrothermal conditions in an autoclave, at temperatures of 150 °C and higher, over a 4-h period. The resulting Ni−EDTA complex was then “dechelated” using a mineral acid (H2SO4 and HNO3), resulting in the formation of a nickel nitrate or sulfate solution and the precipitation of EDTA (about 97% of the initial weight of EDTA was recovered). However, the chelation performance of Ni was shown to decrease with every successive recovery of EDTA (in the case of dechelati...

Determination of EDTA in Dairy Wastewater and Adjacent Surface Water

An HPLC-UV analytical method was developed to determine ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in dairy wastewater and surface water. The optimizing separation was achieved by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography on a C18 column using methanol as mobile phase solvent, tetrabutylammonium bromide as the ion-pair reagent in pH 3.3 formate buffer solution at a flow rate of 0.9 mL min -1 with a UV detector at 265 nm. No interference of Ca, Mg or NO3 - was detected. Method performance was evaluated in terms of linearity, repeatability and reproducibility. The method detection limit was 5 µg L -1 . The contents of EDTA in dairy effluents were 72 ~ 261 µg L -1 at a large dairy site. A change of EDTA concentration was observed downstream of the dairy effluent discharge, but this was well under the predicted no effect concentration for aquatic ecosystem. Keywords—Dairy wastewater, EDTA, HPLC, surface water. I. INTRODUCTION LEANING of equipment for production plants is a key process in the dairy industry to ensure safe products with high quality. It has been demonstrated (1) that using synergic effects of single components in chemical mixtures, for instance adding an effective complexing agent, is more likely to achieve an improved cleansing result with lower concentration compared to aqueous solutions merely containing the basic component of sodium hydroxide. The main function of complexing agents in a cleaning solution is to prevent precipitation of calcium, magnesium and heavy metal salts, which can cause deposits to appear on both the cleaning equipment and the plant to be cleaned (2). At present, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is the cheapest and most suitable complexing compound for many technical purposes, and is used in large quantities (3). In the New Zealand dairy industry, EDTA has been used as a cleaning additive to improve the cleansing efficiency during the clean-in-place (CIP) procedure. Nearly all applications eventually result in the release of EDTA to the aquatic environment (2), (3). In the late 1980s, the environmental impacts of EDTA were scrutinized in Europe, as EDTA occurred at a higher concentration in surface waters than any other identified anthropogenic organic compounds that may

Thiosulphate leaching of gold in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

The addition of low levels of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the ammoniacal thiosulphate gold leach system lowered the catalytic cupric/cuprous redox equilibrium potential, hence the mixed solution potential and reduced the consumption of thiosulphate. In the leaching of pure gold, gold dissolution was enhanced in the presence of EDTA at a relatively low concentration, but excessive EDTA decreased gold dissolution. Raman analysis of the leached gold foil indicated that the stabilisation of thiosulphate by EDTA decreased the formation of the passivation layers of elemental sulphur and copper sulphide at the gold surface. In the leaching of a sulphide ore, the leaching kinetics and overall extractions of gold and silver were enhanced substantially, while the consumption of ammonium thiosulphate was reduced from 9.63 kg/t to 3.85 kg/t in the presence of 2.0 mM EDTA after 24 h leaching. This beneficial effect became more pronounced at a higher EDTA concentration. The enhanced gold and silver extractions by EDTA were attributed to the increase in the dissolution of gold and silver bearing sulphides, the stabilisation of copper and thiosulphate in leach solutions, the prevention of leaching passivation and the decrease in the interference of foreign heavy metal ions. The use of EDTA in the ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching system makes it practical to achieve satisfactory gold extraction over extended periods of leaching under low reagent concentrations, where the consumption of thiosulphate is low.

Bioaccumulation and transformation of cadmium by Phaeodactylum tricornutum

National Natural Science Foundation of China [20535020, 20775062]; National 863 Hi-Tech Project of China [2006AA06Z404]; National Basic Research Program [2009CB421605]

Degradation of EDTA in aqueous solution by using ozonolysis and ozonolysis combined with sonolysis

Degradation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in aqueous solution by means of ozonolysis or ozonolysis combined with sonolysis was investigated for a variety of operating conditions. Synergistic effects can be observed when ozonolysis was combined with sonolysis because additional OH was produced. It was found that the degradation of EDTA in aqueous solution follows the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics and the degradation rate depends on the initial concentration of EDTA, the temperature and the acidity of the aqueous medium. The main degradation products of EDTA, such as amino acid and nitrate were tentatively identified by using GC–MS and ion chromatogram techniques.

Composition Control of Sn–Bi Deposits: Interactive Effects of Citric Acid, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, and Poly(ethylene glycol)

Interactive effects of complex agents, including citric acid (CA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the electroplating behavior of Sn–Bi deposits from a basic bath containing 0.15 M and 0.05 M with pH 2, were systematically compared by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analyses. The onset potential of Bi deposition is obviously shifted to a negative value close to that of Sn deposition by the simultaneous addition of the above three compounds into the basic plating solution. Based on the LSV results, the composition of Sn–Bi deposits with Sn varying from 44 to 96 wt % can be controlled by varying the current density of electroplating and the concentration of EDTA from the basic plating bath containing 0.3 M CA and 0.2 M PEG. This plating bath provides a reliable route to obtain Sn–Bi alloys of high Sn content (e.g., 80Sn–20Bi and 90Sn–10Bi) and the eutectic 42Sn–58Bi deposit. Tin–bismuth deposits plated from the basic bath with different combinations of the above three complex agents were also characterized by scanning electron microscopic and energy-dispersive spectroscopic analyses.

A comparative in vitro evaluation of cytotoxic effects of EDTA and maleic acid: Root canal irrigants

The objective of this study was to compare aqueous solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with that of maleic acid (MA) for their cytotoxic effect on Chinese hamster fibroblasts (V79) cells growing in vitro. Exponentially growing V79 cells were treated with various concentrations of EDTA (0.05% to 1.0%) or MA (0.05% to 1.0%) alone for 30 minutes. After treatment, the media was removed, cells were trypsinized, and the cytotoxic effect of EDTA or MA was analyzed by Pratt Willis test and MTT assay. Similarly surviving fraction (clonogenic assay) was performed by treating the V79 cells with different concentrations of EDTA (0.0025% to 0.25%) or MA (0.025% to 0.25%) for 30 minutes. The statistical significance between the various groups was evaluated using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student t test (unpaired) for 2 group comparisons. There was a significant (P < .01) decrease in the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner indicating the cytotoxic effect of both EDTA and MA when compared with the control group. However, all the dilutions of EDTA were significantly (P < .01) more cytotoxic over that of MA in all 3 assays. This study for the first time, clearly demonstrated the significantly less toxic effect of MA at a comparable dose of EDTA, suggesting its potential for use as root canal irrigant.