Concentrations Of Elements Research Articles

Comparison of leaf and root nutrients concentration in twenty olive cultivars grown on a calcareous soil

Comparing the absorption and translocation efficiency of the nutrients in olive cultivars can lead to the selection of cultivars with higher efficiency. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the uptake and translocation capacity in 20 olive cultivars (12 domestic and 8 foreign) in a commercial orchard on calcareous soil in a randomized complete block design. Except for copper (Cu), leaf concentration of other elements was within the optimal range. In ʻAmphesis,ʼ high translocation (5.28%) and in ʻAmigdalolia,’ high uptake capacity (12.6) caused an increase in leaf phosphorus (P). Leaf K in all cultivars was higher than the deficiency limit (0.77%). In none of the cultivars, leaf sodium (Na) concentration was higher than the toxicity limit (0.2%), it accumulated in the root of ʻZard-Aliabadʼ and ʻShengeh,ʼ and reduced in their leaf. Leaf iron (Fe) concentration of all cultivars was in the sufficient range (>63 mg kg−1) and the highest was in ʻGorgan-Aʼ and ʻZardʼ and the lowest in ʻKazeroon,ʼ ʻArbequinaʼ and ʻMission.ʼ Although the leaf Cu in ʻAmphesisʼ (4.32 mg kg−1) and ʻArbequinaʼ (4.03 mg kg−1) was above the sufficient limit, in the rest of the cultivars it was below this critical limit. The highest leaf manganese (Mn) concentration (61.35 mg kg−1) and the highest Mn translocation percentage (84.59) were in ʻFeshomi.ʼ Among these cultivars, ʻAmphesisʼ was higher than others in terms of P, potassium (K), Cu and zinc (Zn) leaf concentrations and ʻAmigdalolia in terms of P, K and Zn, and in most cases the reason for this is the higher translocation efficiency.

A study on some phytochemicals in Arthrospira platensis MGH-1 fortified with calcium and magnesium

ABSTRACT The effects of selected concentrations of calcium and magnesium on some of the phytochemicals in Arthrospira platensis MGH-1 were investigated. In order to produce A. platensis MGH-1 enriched with calcium and magnesium, the correct concentrations for each element were selected based on growth parameters and accumulation of these metals. Maximum soluble sugar, soluble protein, carotenoid, phenolic compound, and palmitic acid content were seen at 0.1 g L−1 calcium. The highest activity of catalase enzyme, chlorophyll a content, and the content of γ-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid were detected at 1.2 g L−1 magnesium treatment. The results of the present study showed that 0.1 g L−1 of calcium and 1.2 g L−1 of magnesium are suitable element concentrations for the enrichment of A. platensis MGH-1 to develop antioxidant food rich in bioactive compounds for human health.

Trace elements in the Upper Indus River Basin (UIRB) of Western Himalayas: Quantification, sources modeling, and impacts

This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of trace element concentrations in the Upper Indus River Basin (UIRB), a glacier-fed region in the Western Himalayas (WH), aiming to discern their environmental and anthropogenic sources and implications. Despite limited prior data, 69 samples were collected in 2019 from diverse sources within the UIRB, including mainstream, tributaries, and groundwater, to assess trace element concentrations. Enrichment factor (EF) results and comparisons with regional and global averages suggest that rising levels of Zn, Cd, and As may pose safety concerns for drinking water quality. Advanced multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), absolute principal component scores (APCS-MLR), Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), etc were applied to estimate the associated human health hazards and also identified key sources of trace elements. The 95th percentile of the MCS results indicates that the estimated total cancer risk for children is significantly greater than (>1000 times) the USEPA’s acceptable risk threshold of 1.0 × 10−6. The results classified most of the trace elements into two distinct groups: Group A (Li, Rb, Sr, U, Cs, V, Ni, TI, Sb, Mo, Ge), linked to geogenic sources, showed lower concentrations in the lower-middle river reaches, including tributaries and downstream regions. Group B (Pb, Nb, Cr, Zn, Be, Al, Th, Ga, Cu, Co), influenced by both geogenic and anthropogenic activities, exhibited higher concentrations near urban centers and midstream areas, aligning with increased municipal waste and agricultural activities. Furthermore, APCS-MLR source apportionment indicated that trace elements originated from natural geogenic processes, including rock-water interactions and mineral dissolution, as well as anthropogenic activities. These findings underscore the need for targeted measures to mitigate anthropogenic impacts and safeguard water resources for communities along the IRB and WH.

Comparative studies on composition of feed additives for juvenile fish produced with bioconversion of fish raw materials

Technology of feed additive for fry feeding in fish farms is developed to provide both important nutrients (proteins, lipids, etc.) and optimal peptide composition of protein that is achieved using proteolysis of raw materials under certain conditions. For this purpose, enzymatic hydrolysis of substandard small-sized frozen pollock was used. The rational duration of the hydrolysis process was 60 min. that provided the degree of protein hydrolysis of 26–28 %. The experimental fermentolysate was concentrated to a water content of 3–4 % and presented as a feed additive TINRO-60. This product is compared with other feed additives (dried fermentolysates) produced in Russia from fish raw materials using bioconversion, such as Biomarin, Bioprom and Vakhob. General chemical composition of tested products was determined by standard methods of analytical chemistry; composition and content of fatty acids — by gas-liquid chromatography; microand macroelements, as well as toxic metals — by atomic absorption spectrophotometry; fractional composition of proteins and peptides — by high pressure gel permeation chromatography; amino acid composition — by ion exchange chromatography on a high-speed analyzer. All tested samples contain similar amount of the main feed component — protein substances. The quantitative ratio of peptide fractions is also comparable, the sum of the most active fractions (MW 0.1−10.0 kDa) in TINRO-60 and Biomarin is close to their level in tissues of Artemia, natural food for fish fry. The content of essential amino acids, EPA and DHA is significant in Biomarin, TINRO-60 and Bioprom, but almost twice lower in Vakhob. Analysis of mineral composition showed that bioconversion into dry fermentolysates does not cause concentration of toxic elements. High quality of the protein feed additive TINRO-60 produced by bioconversion of nonstandard fish raw materials under certain conditions is proved.

Comparative effects of various dietary selenium sources on growth performance, meat quality, essential trace elements content, and antioxidant capacity in broilers

This study aimed to compare the effects of various dietary selenium (Se) sources (0.5 mg/kg) on performance, meat quality, and antioxidant capacity in broilers as well as essential trace elements concentrations in their blood and tissues. A total of 360 one-day-old male yellow-feathered chickens (37.00 ± 0.17 g) were randomly allocated to 5 diet treatments: the basal diet (CON) and 4 diets supplemented with sodium selenite (SS), selenomethionine (SM), selenium-enriched yeast (SY), and nano-selenium (NS) for 56 d, respectively, with 6 replicates per treatment and 12 chickens per replicate. Dietary Se supplementation did not affect growth performance and carcass characteristics in broilers (P > 0.05). Supplemental SM enhanced the redness in the pectoral muscle compared to CON and NS (P < 0.05). Supplementation of SY and NS improved the concentrations of Se, copper, manganese, and zinc in the serum (P < 0.05). Supplemental SS also elevated the zinc content in the serum (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the SY diet showed increased Se content in the liver and pectoral muscle compared to those fed CON, SM, and NS diets (P < 0.05). Also, SY improved the pectoral muscle Se concentration compared to SS (P < 0.05). Besides, dietary Se supplementation increased the Se content in the thigh muscle (P < 0.05), with SY showing highest Se deposition. Dietary supplementation with SS, SM, and NS improved the activities of total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the serum (P < 0.05). Supplemental SY also elevated the T-AOC in the serum (P < 0.05). Additionally, SS and SM enhanced the T-AOC in the liver (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplemental SM affected meat color. Supplementing diets with various Se sources increased antioxidant capacity and Se content in the thigh muscle of broilers, with SY showing a more pronounced deposition efficiency. Besides, diets supplemented with different Se sources had variable effects on the concentrations of essential trace elements in the serum and tissues of broilers.

On the viability of detrital biotite Rb–Sr geochronology

Abstract. Re-examination of International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) sediment samples collected from the Bay of Bengal via laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) Rb–Sr geochronology demonstrates the viability of the biotite Rb–Sr system for use as a detrital chronometer. The age population defined by the Rb–Sr dates essentially reproduces that previously published for detrital 40Ar/39Ar dates. The effect of unknown/assumed initial 87Sr/86Sr on the calculated population can be ameliorated by filtering for higher 87Rb/86Sr ratios. Such filtering, however, could introduce bias toward more radiogenic populations, especially in younger material that has not had time to accumulate radiogenic product (e.g. limiting the effect of initial 87Sr/86Sr to ∼ &lt;5 % requires filtering of 87Rb/86Sr &gt;500 at 250 Ma and 87Rb/86Sr &gt;50 at 2500 Ma). Finally, Ti-in-biotite temperatures calculated based on element concentration data collected during LA-ICP-MS overlap with those calculated for the same material based on electron probe microanalyzer data, demonstrating the potential for in situ biotite petrochronology based on the Rb–Sr system.

Mechanistic insights of salicylic acid-mediated salt stress tolerance in Zea mays L. seedlings

Elevated sodium level (Na+) poses significant threat to crop plant physio-biochemical processes, leading to impaired growth followed by decline in productivity. Addressing this challenge, requires an eco-friendly and cost-effective strategy that enhances plant salt stress tolerance capacity. In this context, the exogenous source of plant growth regulators (PGRs) proved to be an efficient approach. Of various PGRs, salicylic acid (SA) is an emerging signaling molecule that boosts plant stress endurance mechanism. This study investigates SA-mediated salt stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings, by examining morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. Maize seedlings were subjected to varying levels of salt stress (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) for a period of 10-days. The results revealed that, a substantial decline in germination percentage, shoot and root length, plant biomass, vigour index, and various other physiological parameters under salt stress causing concentrations. Conversely, salt stress increased oxidative stress indicators, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), osmolytes and elemental concentrations as well as antioxident enzymes (SOD, CAT, POX, APX, GR, AsA). However, the exogenous supplementation of SA at 0.1 mM significantly restored most morpho-physiological attributes in maize under salt stress conditions. This suggests that SA actively triggers the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway and other key enzymes, leading to sodium extrusion and improving antioxidant defense in maize seedlings. This finding provides valuable insights for maize farmers that employing SA could lead to improved maize production in saline soils.

Magmatic degassing and fluid metasomatism promote compositional variation from I-type to peralkaline A-type granite in the late Cretaceous Fuzhou felsic complex, SE China

Abstract A-type granites generally have much lower water, higher temperature, and incompatible element concentrations than I-type granitoids. Yet it remains unclear why I-A-type granitic complexes occur in convergent plate margins. Here we conduct geochemical analyses on apatite and mafic minerals from the late Cretaceous I-A-type granitic complex in Fuzhou area, SE China, aiming to decipher differentiation, fluid metasomatism, and degassing that primarily control the compositional diversity of felsic magmas. Apatites in both rock types are F-rich and show large H2O and δD variations, i.e., 341–3892 ppm H2O and –325 to +336‰ δD in I-type granitoids; 67–1366 ppm H2O and –251 to +1439‰ δD in A-type granites. H2O in apatite is negatively correlated with La/Sm and Sr/Y in the I-type granitoids, whereas it is positively correlated with Ce and total rare earth element (REE) concentrations in the A-type granites. Once H2O increases up to hundreds of ppm, both rock types show a rapid decrease of H2O/Ce, an increase of F/Cl, and extensive H isotope fractionation. Arfvedsonite occurs as a late crystallizing mineral in the A-type granite and has much higher contents of Na2O, K2O, F, and high field strength elements (HFSE) than hornblende in the I-type granitoids, indicating the addition of F-HFSE-rich alkaline fluids during its magmatic evolution. The consumption of arfvedsonite and formation of aegirine further indicate the role of fluid metasomatism and H2 degassing via a reaction of 3Na3Fe5Si8O22(OH)2 + 2H2O = 9NaFeSi2O6 + 2Fe3O4 + 6SiO2+5H2. The combined geochemical data demonstrate that the systematic differences in mineral assemblage, whole-rock composition, magma temperature, H2O content, and δD of apatite between the I- and A-type granites are likely attributed to varying degrees of differentiation, fluid metasomatism and magmatic degassing. The I-type granitoids experienced hornblende, biotite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, and apatite fractionation and close-system degassing. The A-type granite was likely formed from the I-type monzogranitic magma that was metasomatized by the mantle-derived F-HFSE-rich alkaline fluids to produce the peralkaline magma, which further experienced K-feldspar + plagioclase + biotite + apatite fractionation and open-system degassing. Further numerical estimation indicates that the primary magma of Fuzhou granitic complex contained ~3.0 wt% H2O, and the lower water content of A-type granite was likely attributed to strong degassing during its emplacement. Our results indicate that some peralkaline A-type granites can be generated from relatively water-poor I-type granitic magmas by fluid metasomatism and degassing.

Elemental distributions in the marine sediments off Doha, Qatar: role of urbanisation and coastal dynamics

This research investigates the present status and decadal variability of element distributions in the marine sediments off Doha, on the east coast of Qatar. Twenty elements were considered from 11 sediment sampling stations and 3 dust sampling stations by grouping them into major elements, toxic elements, and other trace elements. The results show elevated concentrations of certain toxic and trace elements, including Ba, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, V, Zn, Mg, and Ti, in the nearshore region, primarily influenced by the settling of dissolved elements under weak hydrodynamic circulations in the Doha Bay. The relatively higher currents in offshore enable quick advection and dispersion of the elements. On the other hand, the dust deposits have caused significant contributions to the Al, As, Mg, Ca, Sr, Fe, Zn, and Cd concentrations. Decadal variability is evident in element concentrations, which are linked to the urbanisation of the capital city in the State of Qatar. The Cu, Ni, V, Zn, and Cd concentrations indicate a notable increase in recent years compared to the last two decades, with values of about 20.7, 17.9, 25.0, 25.9, 0.66 ppm in 2022. In contrast, a few other elements fluctuate between the decades/years. The results pointed out the increased elemental concentrations in the bay due to the vast expansion of infrastructure facilities in the vicinity of Doha Bay in recent years. The Geoaccumulation Index resulted in a slight pollution of Cd, while other elements are unpolluted. The Degree of Contamination reveals low degree of contamination of sediments, and the Pollution Load Index illustrates no significant pollution in the sediments off Doha.

Antibiotics, pesticides, and heavy metals contaminants of honey as affected by antibiotics usage and agricultural practices in different Egyptian environments

Background and aim Environmental pollutants and global climate changes have a negative health effect on honeybees, and increase honey contamination.The aim of this study was to test the effect of antibiotic usage and agricultural practices on the presence of a total of 461 pesticides, 30 antibiotics, and five elements traces in honey samples collected from Egyptian apiaries of different environmental conditions representing intensive, and limited agriculture production regions. Materials and methods Pesticides and antibiotic residues in honey were detected at trace levels using tandem mass spectrometry techniques Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS). Antibiotics were detected using only Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry LC-MS/MS. The quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique (QICP-MS) was applied for the trace element analysis. Results and conclusion Amitraz and acetamiprid were more frequent. The highest concentration of amitraz (0.022 mg/kg) was found in samples obtained from apiaries in the north delta. Iron and zinc were the highest frequently detected elements in all the collected honey samples. Also, Cu was less frequently detected elements in honey samples with percent values of 7%. Cd and Pb were found in honey samples from apiaries in the south delta of Egypt at 20%, and 27%, respectively. Most of the collected samples were contaminated with antibiotics. A direct relation between agriculture production and uncontrolled antibiotics applications on a beehive was concluded due to the increased diseases of bees in the regions of intensive agriculture production. Only two pesticides were detected along with low concentrations of toxic elements in too low levels to exceed their ‘European Union Maximum Residue Limit’ EU MRL.

From lava to leaf: Physiological responses and trace element mobility in Tilia cordata L. trees grown in volcanic ash amended urban soil

This study investigates the potential of utilizing volcanic ash (VA), classified as special waste, as an inorganic soil amendment to enhance tree growth and resilience in urban areas near volcanic regions. Lime trees were transplanted into pots filled with urban soil (Cnt) or amended with 10 % VA. Tree’s physiological traits were monitored over the growing season. Notably, VA-treated trees showed improved net CO2 assimilation (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs) during the leaf senescent stage. The analysis of ash, and Cnt and VA soils, showed low concentrations of trace elements. In addition, trace element accumulation in the leaves of VA trees was not observed. In summer, during a 12-day drought stress test, VA-stressed trees exhibited enhanced water absorption, reduced lipid peroxidation, and higher Pn and gs values in the initial days compared to control-stressed trees. Importantly, the VA also promoted a 33 % larger tree root system, potentially enhancing drought resilience. This could offer an important advantage for trees, especially during the tree's critical establishment phase. Thus, VA could be a promising amendment for urban soils to bolster tree tolerance to drought.

Mesozoic orogenic gold metallogenesis at the Bangong–Nujiang suture belt, central Tibet: Constraints from pyrite textures, composition and sulfur isotope of the Shangxu gold deposit

Pyrite is a good carrier to provide gold within a hydrothermal mineralization system. Under prograde metamorphism, recrystallization of sedimentary and diagenetic pyrite and transformation of pyrite into pyrrhotite in a metamorphic terrane lead to the release of trace elements from the pyrite carrier into an upward migrating liquid phase carrier. In this case study, we report the in situ trace element and δ34S compositions of the pyrite from four different stages, which chronologically comprise sedimentary Py1, diagenetic Py2, metamorphic Py3a, Py3b and hydrothermal Py4a, Py4b, Py5, and the dominant sulfides from the hydrothermal stage at Shangxu, an Early Cretaceous turbidite-hosted orogenic gold deposit in the middle Bangong–Nujiang suture belt (BNSB) in central Tibet, in order to decipher the ore-forming material source and the metallogenesis of the Mesozoic orogenic gold mineralization in the BNSB. Concentrations of trace elements, i.e., Au, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Sb, Te, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi, that are easy to dissolve during pyrite recrystallization, show a general progressive decline from Py1 to Py4b (excepting in Py3b and Py4a, which have a sudden rise in trace element composition) and a plunge in Py5, indicating that Py1 and Py2 supply the parent source minerals for mineralization, and that the main ore-forming stage are contemporary with the deposition of Py3b and Py4a, ending up with the precipitation of Py5. The δ34S values of pyrite narrow from −46.7 ‰–19.3 ‰ (Py1, Py2), through −7.6 ‰–0.2 ‰ (Py3a, Py3b), to − 3.6 ‰–5.7 ‰ (Py4a, Py4b) and −7.7 ‰–5.6 ‰ (Cp, Gn), indicating that a probable coeval seawater sulfate sulfur source for Py1 and Py2 (by bacterial sulfate reduction), and an inherited sulfur source from Py1 and Py2 for Py3 and Py4. We highlight that contributions from the magmatic materials to the hydrothermal gold mineralization are limited at Shangxu, and the widely distributed Lower–Middle Jurassic pyrite-rich turbidite of the Mugagangri Group is a highly potential primary source rock for the regional gold mineralization.

Study of Some Chemical Properties and Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium and Nickel Elements of Drainage Water in Babylon Governorate – Iraq

Study of Some Chemical Properties and Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium and Nickel Elements of Drainage Water in Babylon Governorate – Iraq

POTENSI ANCAMAN HILANGNYA KANDUNGAN MINERAL ALAMI (TENORM) DI WILAYAH PENGHASIL TAMBANG KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH

The community in Central Bangka Regency carried out an increase in illegal mining in 2021, which could potentially threaten the loss of strategic natural resources. Rocking table miners in Central Bangka Regency produce zircon sand, tin sand, monazite, ilmenite, and tailings, which are potential natural resources containing rare earth metal elements. This research aims to analyze the radioactive content of the minerals zircon sand, tin sand, monazite, ilmenite, and tailings as a threat to human health. The research showed that monazite samples from all villages still had a lot of rare earth metals in them, like yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), samarium (Sm), neodymium (Nd), and gadolinium (Gd). The test results showed that monazite had the highest average concentrations of Rare Earth Elements (REEs), with values of 10.27±3% for La, 12.15±3% for Ce, 24.40±3% for Sm, 7.37±3% for Nd, and 0.69±3% for Gd. For tin samples, the average (Ce) was 2.79±3%, zircon samples had an average (Ce) of 4.33±3%, and (Nd) 1.04±3%. In the ilmenite samples, the average value (Y) was 6.64 ± 3%. Monazite has the most rare earth metal elements, but it has a very low selling price. Monazite plays a crucial role in safeguarding and preventing the loss of strategic natural resources and health threats. It provides policy advice to related institutions through various roles and functions, including investigation, early prevention, and forecasting of these threats.

Incorporation of Multi‐Elements Into Diatom Frustules in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica, Since the Last Glacial Maximum

AbstractThe glacial‐interglacial cycle of elements and the linkage with biological production is very important. Nonetheless, records on incorporation of elements into diatom frustules are very poor in the Southern Ocean where diatom productivity is very high. As a result, there is a big gap in our understanding of elemental cycles in association with biological production and the controlling mechanisms. Here, we documented concentrations of major, trace, and rare earth elements of diatom frustules in two cores collected from the Southern Ocean since the Last Glacial Maximum to understand changes of incorporation of these elements into diatom frustules and to investigate mechanisms for changing incorporation. We found that there are three types of glacial‐interglacial variation patterns. Most elements showed increased (decreased) concentrations during the glacial period (interglacial) with decreased (increased) diatom production in the surface water following the variation pattern of magnetic susceptibility, whereas P, Ge, and Sb showed the opposite trend following the variation pattern of biogenic opal. Li, Ni, Ag, W, U, and I showed no clear glacial‐interglacial variation pattern. These different variation patterns imply that elemental incorporation into diatom frustules are also different according to elements. Our results revealed that biologically mediated removal of most elements from surface water to deep‐sea is comparable between glacial (low diatom production with high elements assimilation) and interglacial (high diatom production with low elements assimilation) periods in the Southern Ocean. However, more removal of P, Sb, and Ge in the surface water by diatoms occurs during interglacial periods in the Southern Ocean.

Nature-based solutions for monitoring the impact of vehicular particulate matter and for the preventive conservation of the Palatine Hill archaeological site in Rome, Italy

Magnetic and chemical biomonitoring methodologies were applied to the southern slopes of the Palatine Hill archaeological area in Rome, Italy. Plant leaves and lichen transplants were respectively sampled and exposed between July 2022 and June 2023 to assess the impact of vehicular particulate matter from Via dei Cerchi, a trafficked road coasting Circus Maximus, towards the archaeological area upon the Palatine Hill. The magnetic properties of leaves and lichens, inferred from magnetic susceptibility, hysteresis loops and first order reversal curves, were combined with the concentration of trace elements. It was demonstrated that the bioaccumulation of magnetite-like particles, associated with tracers of vehicular emissions, such as Ba and Sb, decreased with longitudinal distance from the road, without any important influence of elevation from the ground. Lichens demonstrated to be more efficient biomonitors of airborne PM than leaves, irrespective of the plant species. Conversely, leaves intercepted and accumulated all PM fractions, including road dusts and resuspended soil particles. Thus, plant leaves are suitable for providing preventive conservation services that limit the impact of particulate pollution on cultural heritage sites within busy metropolitan contexts.

The BLUP method in evaluation of breeding values of Russian spring wheat lines using micro- and macroelements in seeds.

Genomic selection is a technology that allows for the determination of the genetic value of varieties of agricultural plants and animal breeds, based on information about genotypes and phenotypes. The measured breeding value (BV) for varieties and breeds in relation to the target trait allows breeding stages to be thoroughly planned and the parent forms suitable for crossing to be chosen. In this work, the BLUP method was used to assess the breeding value of 149 Russian varieties and introgression lines (4 measurements for each variety or line, 596 phenotypic points) of spring wheat according to the content of seven chemical elements in the grain - K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu. The quality of the evaluation of breeding values was assessed using cross-validation, when the sample was randomly divided into five parts, one of which was chosen as a test population. The following average values of the Pearson correlation were obtained for predicting the concentration of trace elements: K - 0.67, Ca - 0.61, Mg - 0.4, Mn - 0.5, Fe - 0.38, Zn - 0.46, Cu - 0.48. Out of the 35 models studied, the p-value was below the nominal significant threshold (p-value < 0.05) for 28 models. For 11 models, the p-value was significant after correction for multiple testing (p-value < 0.001). For Ca and K, four out of five models and for Mn two out of five models had a p-value below the threshold adjusted for multiple testing. For 30 varieties that showed the best varietal values for Ca, K and Mn, the average breeding value was 296.43, 785.11 and 4.87 mg/kg higher, respectively, than the average breeding value of the population. The results obtained show the relevance of the application of genomic selection models even in such limited-size samples. The models for K, Ca and Mn are suitable for assessing the breeding value of Russian wheat varieties based on these characteristics.

Effect of aging on the structure and mechanical properties of austenite stainless steel N50 alloyed with nitrogen, niobium and vanadium

In this study, the austenitic, corrosion-resistant N50 steel alloyed with different nitrogen, niobium and vanadium content was investigated. This steel is used in the production of high-strength, cryogenic pipes. The production process for these pipes involves aging at 650 °C–665 °C for 50–100 h. Therefore, steels were examined in their as-delivered state, after aging at 650 °C, 100 h and after solid solution heat treatment. The structure of the steel was analyzed using optical and scanning microscopy, tensile and impact strength tests were conducted at room temperature and at −196 °C. It was found that the total volume fraction of the precipitated phase after aging is more dependent on the total concentration of nitride-forming elements—Nb and V, than on nitrogen. Aging does not affect the basic operational properties at room temperature, but it can significantly affect toughness at −196 °C.

Enhancing deep orebody prediction and localization through the revelation of geochemical primary halo patterns in drill holes

Geochemical primary halos play a crucial role in mineral exploration as they provide valuable insights into the dispersion of ore materials, identification of concealed deposits, and determination of ore deposit dimensions. The Naruo mining area in the Duolong mineral district, northern Tibet, China well-known for its worldclass porphyry-epithermal Cu–Au deposits is currently chosen as the study area. We employ statistical and nonlinear methods to analyze geochemical data from drill holes. Specifically, R-type cluster analysis is utilized to evaluate element affinity and concentration index, while an improved Grigorian zoning index is employed to delineate the vertical zoning sequence of the primary halo. These methodologies significantly enhance our understanding of element enrichment within geological contexts and greatly contribute to mineral resource evaluation. Based on these results, we have constructed a vertical zonation index model of denudation coefficient tailored to the geological characteristics of mineralization within the study area. This model effectively represents the vertical variation of the ore body. Our findings reveal a decrease in this zoning index towards the central region of deep ore bodies which correlates with deep granodiorite porphyry occurrences. Furthermore, we observe increasing concentrations of Cu, Ag, and Au with depth in specific sections of drill holes indicating promising exploration potential. Supplementary short-wave infrared data suggests the presence of a deep hydrothermal center in drill hole RNZK2404 which tentatively infers concealed porphyry bodies. Notably, the reversal observed at 4200 m on RNZK2404's zoning index hints at a possible hidden ore body at great depths. Finally, three-dimensional visualization techniques effectively illustrate spatial patterns for elements thereby paving way for future endeavors in mineral exploration.

Tectono-thermal Evolution of the Proterozoic Mahakoshal Belt along the Northern Margin of Central Indian Tectonic Zone: Constraints from Geochemistry, Phase Equilibria Modelling and in-situ Monazite Dating from a Metapelite Sequence around Jabalpur

ABSTRACT In this contribution, geochemical signatures and petrological evolution of a folded sequence of mica schist from the Jabalpur area of the Mahakoshal Belt in the northern Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) are described. Multiple tectonic discrimination diagrams incorporating both major and trace element concentrations have constrained back-arc settings for deposition of the sedimentary units. S1 foliation formation marks the beginning of the M1 metamorphic stage. In contrast, the later M2 metamorphic event resulted in garnet and andalusite formation during heating at 2-3 kbar, followed by staurolite-sillimanite, garnet-staurolite assemblages at peak P-T conditions of 5.4 kbar, 550-600°C. Textural evidence suggests that M2 is pre-syn tectonic to D2 deformation, resulting in formation of the NE-SW trending S2 axial planar foliation. From the isopleth thermobarometry, a clockwise P-T path with near-isothermal decompression has been determined for M2. Similar results have been obtained from conventional thermo-barometry performed on multiple samples. Monazite dating (EPMA) of one of the samples suggests 1.9 Ga, age for D1-M1 event. M2 is correlated with the younger age population of monazites yielding 1.5 Ga. A clockwise P-T path constrained for M2 suggests collisional tectonics along the northern margin of the CITZ, as recorded from its southern margin.