Concentration Of Dye Solution Research Articles

Study on the adsorption process and kinetic, thermodynamic of bio-based waste cattle hair powder toward acidic complex dye.

In this paper, cattle hair waste (CHW) was collected and physically milled into different meshes of ultrafine cattle hair powder (UCHP). The reuse of CHW reaches the purpose of treating pollution with waste by using bio-base adsorbent. It was characterized by using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption studies were carried out under different conditions of temperature, time, pH, concentration of dye solution, mesh size, and dosage of cattle hair powder, respectively. The pseudo-first and pseudo-secondary kinetics and intra-particle diffusion models were employed to analyze the adsorption kinetic. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm was used to analyze the adsorption isotherm. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of UCHP for acidic metal complex (Trupoxane Brown R6) dyes increased with the decreasing pH solution. The adsorption capacity of 200 mesh UCHP was 379.5mg.g-1 when the adsorption conditions were as follows: 100mL dye solution with the initial concentration of 1000mg·L-1, the dosage of adsorbent was 0.1g, the pH was 3 for 12h at 40°C. The kinetic model fitting results showed that the adsorption of dyes by UCHP conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption thermodynamics study showed that the Langmuir model has the highest fitting result. The amino group contained on the surface of cattle hair powder and the amide bond contained in the molecular chain of peptide chain have better electrostatic adsorption binding force for acid metal complex dyes, and the binding between them is mainly electrostatic attraction. The experimental results show that the ultrafine powder has better adsorption property, which provides a high-value conversion way for recycling waste cattle hair.

Sunlight-Driven Photodegradation of RB49 Dye Using TiO2-P25 and TiO2-UV100: Performance Comparison

By combining measurements of photocatalysis under solar irradiation with measurements of total organic carbon, we have compared the performance of two TiO2-based photocatalysts in the photodegradation of the dye Reactive Blue 49 (RB49). TiO2-P25 and TiO2-UV100 commercial photocatalysts were tested within a concentration ranging from 0.5 to 4 g/L. The dye solution concentration was varied from 10 to 50 mg/L and its pH was increased from 3 to 9. Extensive characterization of the photocatalysts was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. TiO2-UV100 proved to be more active in adsorbing RB49 dye than TiO2-P25. At low dye concentrations, the adsorption equilibrium is reached in 15 min. This time increases to 1 h at higher concentrations. The photocatalytic degradation of aqueous RB49 under sunlight was monitored by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The apparent rate constant of dye photodegradation with TiO2-UV100 is twice that of TiO2-P25. The total organic carbon (TOC) analysis showed a removal of around 98% with TiO2-UV100 and only 85% with TiO2-P25 after 3 h of solar irradiation. Over five photocatalytic cycles of 3 h, TiO2-UV100 maintained a more stable and higher efficient photocatalytic performance. All our results converge toward a better photocatalytic performance of TiO2-UV100 for the photodegradation of RB49 dye and indicate that the most decisive factor is its greater capacity to adsorb the pollutant.

Kinetic Adsorption Studies of Cationic Dyes onto Molecular Sieve and Activated Carbons

Background: Dye-containing wastewater causes irreparable damage to the ecological water system. Although adsorbents are widely used for treating wastewater containing dyes, the comparative investigation on these materials is still insufficient for their wide applications in the industries. Objective: With the aim of comparing efficient and fast adsorbent materials for cationic dyes, we analyzed and evaluated the adsorbents of the MCM-41 molecular sieve and activated carbons. Methods: The adsorption performance was studied on the common colored organics, such as cationic dyes of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) dyes. The present work examined the impact of experimental variables, including initial dye concentration, adsorption time, and pH, on the adsorption process and performance, as well as the adsorption kinetics of the diverse adsorbents towards two cationic dyes. Results: MCM-41 molecular sieves showed relatively high adsorption capacity for RhB and AC-2, which made their adsorption capacity for MB much higher than that of MCM- 41 molecular sieves. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order to decipher the mechanism of dye adsorption. The heterogeneous adsorption mechanism could explain the dye adsorption behavior of MCM-41 molecular sieve and activated carbons. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the influence of the pore structure and surface properties of the adsorbents on the adsorption capacity of dye molecules in an aqueous solution. For the initial concentration of cationic dye solutions of 20 mg/L, the MCM-41 molecular sieve had a MB adsorption capacity of 130.8 mg/g under alkaline conditions at pH=10, while the activated carbon adsorbents showed a stable MB adsorption capacity of 266.6 mg/g under different pH conditions, proving their applicability in treating wastewater containing dyes under different acid/base environments.

Safranin removal by fine soil: thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption

AbstractEnvironmental problems caused by human intervention in nature are some of the most critical challenges facing human societies. It is essential to use suitable adsorbents to remove pollutants. The abundance, natural abundance and low cost of fine soil have made it a good candidate for removing environmental pollutants. In this research, removal of safranin dye by natural and acidic-organic-treated fine soil with sulfuric acid and ethanolamine was studied. The characteristics of natural and acidic-organic-treated fine soil were confirmed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The adsorbents were placed in contact with different concentrations of safranin dye solution separately. After that, the effects of adsorbent amount (0.4–3.2 g L−1), contact time (0–60 min), adsorbate concentration (5–20 ppm) and pH (3–11) were evaluated regarding the optimum safranin adsorption process. The greatest adsorption capacity of fine soil was calculated as 1250 mg g–1. The experimental results were evaluated using thermodynamic and kinetic models. The data showed that the process follows the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The intraparticle diffusion model estimated the possible mechanism of dye adsorption. Overall, it can be deduced that natural fine soil is an efficient remover of human pollutants.

Preparation and potential of chitosan-based/Al2O3 green hydrogel composites for the removal of methyl red dye from simulated solution.

Different dyes are discharged into water streams, causing significant pollution to the entire ecosystem. The present work deals with the removal of acid red 2 dye (methyl red-as an anionic dye) by green sorbents based on chitosan derivatization. In this regard, two classes of chitosan derivatives-a total of six-were prepared by gamma irradiation at 30kGy. The first group (group A) constitutes a crosslinked chitosan/polyacrylamide/aluminum oxide with different feed ratios, while the second group, identified as group B, is composed of crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan/polyacrylamide/aluminum oxide with different ratios. Glycerol was added to soften the resultant hydrogels. The products were characterized by different tools, including FTIR for confirming the chemical modification, TGA for investigating their thermal properties, and XRD for verifying their crystalline structure. The morphology of the prepared derivatives was studied through SEM, while their topography before and after dye adsorption was monitored via the AFM. The removal efficiencies of the prepared sorbents were verified at different operation conditions, such as pH, temperature, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of dye solutions, and contact time. The data revealed that the optimum conditions for maximum dye uptake were as follows: pH 4, contact time 120min, 0.1-g sorbent dose, and 50-ppm dye concentration. Additionally, the prepared sorbents demonstrated potent adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. It was found that the elements of the second group displayed higher performance than their counterparts. The data showed also that the adsorption process best fits with the Freundlich model and obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetic isotherm. In addition, the synthesized composites showed observable antibacterial potency toward E. coli as a Gram-negative bacterium and S. aureus as a Gram-positive bacterium.

Auto-combustion synthesis and characterization of La2CrMnO6/g-C3N4 nanocomposites in the presence trimesic acid as organic fuel with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards removal of toxic contaminates

Constructing semiconductor materials based on layered graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and metal oxides can help in extending the lifetime of charge carriers and aid in resolving the low number of active sites on their surface for light-driven processes. Herein, we initially designed La2CrMnO6 nanostructures through trimesic acid-assisted auto-combustion route and subsequently, La2CrMnO6/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method with improved UV-catalytic performance. The shape, size distribution and various properties of nano-sized products were measured via diverse description systems of microscopic and spectroscopic. The photocatalytic performances of the La2CrMnO6 nanoparticles and La2CrMnO6/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were compared by degradation of artificial dyes under the UV-light region. Besides, the impacts of dye type, diverse weight percentages of g-C3N4:La2CrMnO6 in composite, scavenger kind and dye solution concentration were studied on modifying ability of nano-catalyst utility. The outcomes manifested La2CrMnO6/g-C3N4 (80:20) nanocomposites have the greatest efficiency, where the highest MO decomposition of 80.98 % was achieved at 10 ppm within 90 min of irradiation. Moreover, the feasible mechanism of MO elimination by UV catalytic purpose was considered.

Magnetic zinc oxide/silica microbeads for the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes

Photocatalysis is a promising technique for the complete degradation of azo dyes that are present in wastewater. In this work, a new photocatalyst in the form of ZnO/Fe3O4/SiO2 hybrid microbeads was fabricated for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. The microbeads were synthesised through self-assembly and subsequent agglomeration of nanoparticles within an aqueous phase of a water-in-oil emulsion template. Photocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted through exposure of a methylene blue solution to UV light. The hybrid microbeads performed better than ZnO powder at the same initial dye and ZnO concentration because of higher adsorption and degradation. The initial concentration of dye solution and catalyst dosage have a significant impact on the degradation. Higher degradation is seen with lower initial dye concentration and higher catalyst dosage. The presence of magnetic nanoparticles within the beads allows for their full recovery and reuse for degradation experiments. Complete degradation of dye was achieved using the new ZnO/Fe3O4/SiO2 microbeads.

Removal of Commercial Textile Dye DRMD from Wastewater Using Two-Dimensional Mesoporous Graphene Oxide Adsorbent

Environmental toxins from textile effluents, including organic contaminants, heavy metals, and dyes, pose significant health risks such as renal illness, allergies, dermatitis, and cancer when released into the aquatic environment. While various dye removal methods exist, adsorption is highlighted as a potentially effective solution due to its low cost, simplicity, and ease of use. An adsorbent of two-dimensional mesoporous Graphene Oxide (GO) was produced using Hummer’s method from cost-effective graphite powder. This was then utilized to eliminate the Doracryl Red MD (DRMD) textile dye from the aqueous system. To characterize the synthesized material, XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses were performed. Zeta Potential and AFM analysis were used to determine surface charge and roughness, respectively. BET analysis was performed to obtain information regarding the surface area and porosity of the mesoporous GO. The highest adsorption capacity for the adsorption of the dye DRMD was found at 917.62 mg/gm. A variety of factors, including the influence of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption temperature, concentration of dye solution, and contact time, were thoroughly investigated. Adsorption data best fit the Langmuir model and demonstrated pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. After repeatedly washing used adsorbents with 2% HCl solution, 88.62% of its initial adsorption capacity was retained after the 4th cycle. Hence, the enhanced adsorption capacity and recyclability of Graphene Oxide (GO) render it a promising candidate for the treatment of wastewater polluted with organic dyes.

Starch-Grafted Polyacrylic Acid Copolymer with Acrylamide: An Advanced Adsorbent for Victoria Green B Dye Removal and Environmental Remediation

A new adsorbent, starch grafted polyacrylic acid copolymer with polyacrylamide (SG@AA-co-AM), was synthesized using free radical polymerization techniques. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution (PSD), and fluorescent electron microscopy (FEM) were employed to elucidate the structure, crystalline nature, thermal stability, and surface morphology of SG@AA-co-AM. SG@AA-co-AM was utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Victoria green B (VGB) dye from wastewater. SG@AA-co-AM exhibited a removal percentage (% R) of 97.6% towards VGB under optimized conditions: a contact time of 30 min, temperature of 25 °C, adsorbent dose of 20 mg, pH of 8, concentration of dye solution of 20 ppm, and volume of dye solution of 30 mL. The point of zero charge (PZC) for SG@AA-co-AM was determined to be 5.2. Nonlinear pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models best fitted to the experimental data, with regression coefficients (R2) of 0.95 and 0.99, respectively. The results confirmed the chemi-sorption and monolayer adsorption of VGB onto SG@AA-co-AM. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of VGB onto SG@AA-co-AM is endothermic and spontaneous. Furthermore, the regeneration experiment showed a decline of 3.9% after five cycles, confirming the economical and reusable nature of SG@AA-co-AM.

Congo Red Removal from Polluted Water using NaOH Treated Fallen Leaves of Ficus racemosa

Naoh treated biosorbent Ficus Racemosa Leaf Powder (NaFRLP) was prepared from the fallen leaves of the plant. FT-IR, SEM and BET analysis were done to characterize the biosorbent. The biosorbent was found to be mesoporous with an average pore size 18 nm. Batch adsorption equilibrium studies were conducted for the adsorption of congo red on NaFRLP as a function of adsorbent dosage, agitation speed, dye concentration, temperature and contact time. Batch adsorption studies revealed that with an increase in the time of adsorption, the percentage removal of congo red increases and with an increase in the concentration of dye solution, congo red removal decreases. Initial dye concentration of 100 mgL-1, agitation speed 200 rpm and adsorbent dosage 1gL-1 were the optimum conditions for the effective removal of congo red. The adsorption data well agreed with the Langmuir isotherm as indicated by the higher correlation coefficient (R2=0.962) value. Thermodynamic analysis of the batch adsorption studies indicated that all the processes studied were spontaneous with the congo red adsorption on NaFRLP being endothermic. Intra particle diffusion model was also tested. NaFRLP was found to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of congo red from the polluted water.

Synthesis of oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosan and its composite films with SiC and SiC@SiO2 nanoparticles for methylene blue dye adsorption

The cationic methylene blue (MB) dye sequestration was studied by using oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosan (OCMC-CS) and its composite films with silicon carbide (OCMC-CS-SiC), and silica-coated SiC nanoparticles (OCMC-CS-SiC@SiO2). The resulting composite films were characterized through various analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The dye adsorption properties of the synthesized composite films were comprehensively investigated in batch experiments and the effect of parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration, catalyst dosages, temperature, and pH were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that the film's adsorption efficiency was increased by increasing the contact time, catalyst amount, and temperature, and with a decreased initial concentration of dye solution. The adsorption efficiency was highest at neutral pH. The experimental results demonstrated that OCMC-CS films have high dye adsorption capabilities as compared to OCMC-CS-SiC, and OCMC-CS-SiC@SiO2. Additionally, the desorption investigation suggested that the adsorbents are successfully regenerated. Overall, this study contributes to the development of sustainable and effective adsorbent materials for dye removal applications. These films present a promising and environmentally friendly approach to mitigate dye pollution from aqueous systems.

Synthesis, characterization and adsorption studies on activated carbon adsorbent synthesized from Kigelia africana for removal of acid blue 113 dye from synthetic solution

The need for waste water treatment, which can be accomplished via adsorbents, is growing today. Adsorbents are inexpensive, environmentally responsible, and made of biodegradable materials that can be replenished. In this work, chemical activation is used to create powdered activated carbon from Kigelia africana. The raw material was chosen because this fruit has not been the subject of any significant research on dye removal. It is also a poisonous fruit, abundantly available in nature, has high cellulose content, carbon rich and possesses less ash content thus making it a low cost activated carbon. After activation, the surface area has increased from 5 m2/g to 400 m2/g, morphology studies with SEM analysis and also analyzed the functional groups with FT-IR. These properties have made our adsorbent highly efficient for dye removal. The batch adsorption studies have been carried out for the removal of acid blue 113 using various combinations of synthetic dye solution concentrations (50–300 mg/L), adsorbent dosage 0.4–7 g/L), contact time (30–300 min), and pH (2–10). The removal % efficiency and capacity (mg/g) are obtained from this work as 99.79 % and 188.89 mg/g, respectively.

Preparation of agar functionalized graphene oxide-immobilized copper ferrite aerogel for dye degradation via dark-Fenton oxidative process

Dye and textile industries are one of the main causes of water pollution and put the environment and health of society at risk. Developing new materials to decontaminate industrial waste effluents containing dyes as pollutants is challenging due to numerous issues, including tailoring recyclable and biodegradable agents. This study focuses on applying an advanced oxidation process, electro-Fenton for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater using agar-functionalized graphene oxide-immobilized copper ferrite aerogel. The objective is therefore to determine the optimal conditions for the degradation of model pollutants methylene blue (MB). MB was oxidized and degraded through the dark-Fenton process using Agar@GO-CuFe2O4 as a new biobased catalyst. The effect of the operating parameters was then evaluated to determine the optimal conditions. The degradation process was screened for different initial concentrations of dye solution between 10 and 150 mg/l, a volume range of H2O2 between 0.5 and 2.5 ml, and different pH from 2 to 7. The results show that 99.89 % of the MB with the initial concentration of 150 ppm was degraded by 20 mg of the catalyst and 2 ml of H2O2 (30 % W/W) at 40 °C and pH = 6. Pseudo-second-order kinetics satisfactorily describes the experimental data. SynopsisThe prepared catalyst can be applied to oxidize industrial effluents before they are released into the environment.

A comparative study on the malachite green dye adsorption of chemically synthesized and green MgFe2O4 nanoparticles using gerbera floral waste extract.

The situation of discharging a large amount of dyes from the textile industries has caused many adverse effects on human health and the ecosystems. Emerging bio-nanomaterials represent a new trend in efficient dye removal in aqueous media. Herein, we mention that MgFe2O4 bioprepared using gerbera extract has been successfully used to adsorb malachite green (MG) in water. A comparison was made to determine the dye removal efficiency between biogenic MgFe2O4 (MFOB) and chemical MgFe2O4 (MFOC). The spherical MFOB material exhibited a large surface area of 85.0 m2 g-1 and high crystallinity. The obtained outcomes showed that the highest adsorption capacity of MG dye was 584.49 mg g-1 at a MFOB dose of 0.05 g L-1 and MG concentration of 10 mg L-1. Higher correlation coefficients in the Langmuir isotherm suggested monolayer adsorption of MG. The Box-Behnken design and response surface method were established to optimize MG removal percentage under the conditions, i.e., initial MG concentration (10-30 mg L-1), adsorbent dose (0.02-0.08 g L-1), and pH of dye solution (6-8). MFOB had good reusability with high removal efficiencies after three continuous cycles. Post reuse, this adsorbent still showed excellent stability through the verification of their structural properties in comparison with fresh MFOB, showing potential for practical applications.

Adsorption of Basic Yellow 28 and Basic Blue 3 Dyes from Aqueous Solution Using Silybum Marianum Stem as a Low-Cost Adsorbent.

In the present study, the ability of an adsorbent (SLM Stem) obtained from the stem of the Silybum Marianum plant to treat wastewater containing the cationic dyes basic blue 3 (BB3) and basic yellow 28 (BY28) from aqueous solutions was investigated using a batch method. Then, the SLM Stem (SLM Stem-Natural) adsorbent was carbonized at different temperatures (200-900 °C) and the removal capacity of the products obtained for both dyes was examined again. The investigation continued with the product carbonized at 800 °C (SLM Stem-800 °C), the adsorbent with the highest removal capacity. The dyestuff removal studies were continued with the SLM Stem-Natural and SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbents because they had the highest removal values. The surface properties of these two adsorbents were investigated using IR, SEM, and XRD measurements. It was determined that the SLM Stem-Natural has mainly non-porous material, and the SLM Stem-800 °C has a microporous structure. The optimal values for various parameters, including adsorbent amount, initial dye solution concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, and agitation speed, were investigated for BY28 dye and were 0.05 g, 15 mg/L, 30 min, 40 °C, pH 6 and 100 rpm when SLM Stem-Natural adsorbent was used and, 0.15 g, 30 mg/L, 30 min, 40 °C, pH 10, and 150 rpm when SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used. For BB3 dye, optimal parameter values of 0.20 g, 10 mg/L, 30 min, 25 °C, pH 7, and 100 rpm were obtained when SLM Stem-Natural adsorbent was used and 0.15 g, 15 mg/L, 40 min, 40 °C, pH 10, and 100 rpm when SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used. The Langmuir isotherm described the adsorption process best, with a value of r2 = 0.9987. When SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used for BY28 dye at 25 °C, the highest qm value in the Langmuir isotherm was 271.73 mg/g. When the study was repeated with actual water samples under optimum conditions, the highest removal for the BY28 dye was 99.9% in tap water with the SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent. Furthermore, the reuse study showed the adsorbent's efficiency even after three repetitions.

Removal of Reactive Black-5 Dye by Adsorption Using Rhamnus pits as Agriculture Waste for Environmental Sustainability

The ability of reuse the agriculture waste to absorb Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye from textile waste water is being investigated in this study. Rhamnus pits (RP) was used as an available waste material as an adsorbent by inciting and impregnating it with a strong base (KOH) and a strong acid (HCL) to produce a substance with high adsorption efficiency. The impregnation process was carried out in stages. First, the RP stones was incited at a temperature of 300 °C by the carbonization process, and then a part of the sample was impregnated with hydrochloric acid HCL (a strong acid) and a sample with sodium hydroxide KOH (a strong base), and then it was incited by the activation process by inciting it at a temperature of 600 °C. There were three types of adsorbents: one without impregnation, one impregnated with a strong acid, and one impregnated with a strong base. These samples were used for dye adsorption (RB5). Several factors and their impact on the adsorption procedure were investigated and utilized to calculate the adsorption capacity and the highest adsorption rate. It declared that the best removal percentage was achieved when impregnated with KOH (94.22%) and HCL (86.42%), while the free sample without impregnation had a 58% removal efficiency. The adsorption process was done at a temperature of 30 °C (86 °F), dose 0.05 g/10 ml of dye solution, time of 60 minutes, and 25 mg/l concentration of dye solution. Two standard adsorption isotherm models were used to determine the equilibrium adsorption curves. The Langmuir isotherm model provided a decent match to the data for RP pits activated with KOH. Adsorption kinetics were investigated using two different kinetic models: pseudo-second order and pseudo-first order. It was shown that the adsorption rate increases dramatically at first and then decreases to reach equilibrium. The data were showed good match by the model of the pseudo-second order with a confidence level of 0.9997.

Removal of Congo Red Dye Using Ficus benghalensis-Assisted Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Novel water purification technologies are emerging to satisfy the requirement of clean drinking water for human life. The development of long-term water treatment systems is a serious concern. In this regard, nanotechnology holds enormous promise for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of polluted water remediation. The goal of this work was to create a simple and effective water purification system that used cost-effective, durable, and environmentally friendly novel materials. Green nanoparticle synthesis has emerged as a result of recent advancements in environmentally friendly technologies. The use of plant extract to synthesize nanoparticles is thought to be an incredible green strategy.
 In the present study, leaf extract of Ficus benghalensis was chosen to synthesize the low cost and novel copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The aim was to investigate the ability of these novel nano particles in removing Congo red dye from water. Various parameters including contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and pH of dye solution that affect the adsorption were optimized by carrying out batch adsorption experiments. The mechanism of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Langmuir equilibrium isotherm, and Freundlich isotherm was investigated using kinetic and equilibrium experimental data. These models gave an insight into the adsorption kinetics and adsorption mechanism. The pH effect revealed that Congo red dye being an acidic dye showed good adsorption at acidic pH. The findings of this work show that copper oxide nanoparticles are promising adsorbents for the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous based system.

Insights into promising basic red 18 dye removal and water disinfection utilizing novel sulfone biscompound-based chalcone derivative

This is the first study on synthesizing a novel sulfone biscompound-based chalcone derivative and evaluating its disinfection and adsorption performance. 1,1′-((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-1,4-diyl))bis(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one) (SDHP) was synthesized via chalcone reaction. Structural analyses verified the successful synthesis of the targeted compound. The performance of the novel SDHP toward the adsorption of basic red 18 (BR18) dye was assessed via batch experiments. The effects of the independent parameters, such as initial pH (pHi) of BR18 dye solution, SDHP amount, initial concentration of BR18 dye solution, and contact time were optimized and evaluated. The results showed that the optimum BR18 removal was achieved at pHi 7 using 2 g/L of SDHP. The pseudo-second-order equation described the adsorption kinetic correctly and both Freundlich and Langmuir models can predict the isotherm data correctly. The new SDHP was more effective in BR18 adsorption than many other adsorbents, with a Langmuir's maximum monolayer coverage capacity reaching 43 mg/g. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm performance of SDHP was evaluated against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and unicellular fungi as ZOI, MIC, and biofilm inhibition percentage. In addition, the potential impact of the encouraged gamma irradiation effects on antimicrobial behavior was also evaluated. The antibacterial mechanism of action was assessed using the SEM imaging and microbial membrane leakage assay. The antibiofilm results indicated that, the inhibition % after adding SDHP was 78.90 %, 77.52 %, and 77.10 % against each of S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively. The results indicated that SDHP deactivated and disinfected a broad spectrum of bacteria and unicellular fungi.

Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Lemon Leaf Powder as an Adsorbent

The majority of developing nations experience significant water contamination from textile sector wastewater. The use of low-cost, environmentally friendly adsorbents has been researched as a means of addressing problems of water contamination and high costs for waste - water treatment processes. Malachite green is an incredibly dangerous colour that not only damages mammalian cells but also has a key influence in the growth of liver cancers. The life cycle of aquatic creatures, plants, and people is hampered by dye released into bodies of water without sufficient treatment. In this study, the powdered lemon leaves are utilized for removal of the aniline green dye. By using batch-style setting and design of the experiment (the Box– Behnken technique) adsorbent has been investigated & have been developed to evaluate the process's critical factors, including agitation time, size of adsorbent, dosage of adsorbent, pH, initial concentration and temperature. The acquired values were fitted with adsorption isotherms. Malachite green dye sequestration onto Lemon Leaf Powder was chosen using kinetic models. The results of the trials showed that employing powdered lemon leaves, malachite green could be removed to a maximum of 82.21%. Malachite green dye concentration of 50 mg/L, temp of solution 303 K, and dosage of adsorbent 20 g/L are the ideal parameters. Lemon leaf powders have a maximum sorption capacity (qmax) of 8.08 mg/g. The equilibrium was more accurately modelled using the Freundlich isotherm. When compared to other models, the data which fits the pseudo 2nd order kinetics model is better. Previously researchers had proved several low– cost materials such as wheat bran, marina alga, wood apple shell etc In the current work, to remove malachite green dyes the efficacy of citrus lemon leaves is thoroughly done. The operating parameters that are optimized include dye solution concentration, initial solution pH, sorbent dose, and temperature. Studies on thermodynamics have demonstrated that the adsorption process was endothermic & spontaneous.

Degradation of Diazo Dye and its Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies Using the Potential of Bryophyllum fedtschenkoiin Aqueous System.

Phytoremediation is emerging as an eco-friendly, innovative, and cost-effective approach for the removal of textile dyes from wastewater from the previous decade. The current research work aims to explore the potential of a terrestrial ornamental plant, Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi (Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier) Lauz.-March. for remediating the diazo dye as Congo red (CR) in aqueous form. B. fedtschenkoi was grown hydroponically before treatment with 100 mL of a different concentration of CR dye solution. A maximum decolorization potential of 90% was obtained for 10mg L- 1 after 40h of equilibrium. The kinetic studies have revealed that the experimental results for the removal of CR dye using the B .fedtschenkoi plant are suitable for Pseudo-first order with R2 ≥ 0.92, while the equilibrium studies agreed with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with R2 ≥ 0.909. The dye removal by the plant was confirmed with the help of analytical techniques Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were also performed on dye-degraded metabolites to explore the mechanism of dye degradation.