Insights into promising basic red 18 dye removal and water disinfection utilizing novel sulfone biscompound-based chalcone derivative

Abstract

This is the first study on synthesizing a novel sulfone biscompound-based chalcone derivative and evaluating its disinfection and adsorption performance. 1,1′-((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-1,4-diyl))bis(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one) (SDHP) was synthesized via chalcone reaction. Structural analyses verified the successful synthesis of the targeted compound. The performance of the novel SDHP toward the adsorption of basic red 18 (BR18) dye was assessed via batch experiments. The effects of the independent parameters, such as initial pH (pHi) of BR18 dye solution, SDHP amount, initial concentration of BR18 dye solution, and contact time were optimized and evaluated. The results showed that the optimum BR18 removal was achieved at pHi 7 using 2 g/L of SDHP. The pseudo-second-order equation described the adsorption kinetic correctly and both Freundlich and Langmuir models can predict the isotherm data correctly. The new SDHP was more effective in BR18 adsorption than many other adsorbents, with a Langmuir's maximum monolayer coverage capacity reaching 43 mg/g. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm performance of SDHP was evaluated against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and unicellular fungi as ZOI, MIC, and biofilm inhibition percentage. In addition, the potential impact of the encouraged gamma irradiation effects on antimicrobial behavior was also evaluated. The antibacterial mechanism of action was assessed using the SEM imaging and microbial membrane leakage assay. The antibiofilm results indicated that, the inhibition % after adding SDHP was 78.90 %, 77.52 %, and 77.10 % against each of S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively. The results indicated that SDHP deactivated and disinfected a broad spectrum of bacteria and unicellular fungi.