Concentrations Of Colchicine Research Articles

Induced polyploidization in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

The significance of polyploidy in the evolutionary process of plants history is well documented. In this concern, seed priming with colchicine as well as the cotton-swab method for polyploidy induction in plants becomes much acquainted in cytogenetic study. The aim of present study was to achieve chromosomal doubling by the application of colchicine to apical meristem of young seedlings. The young seedlings were treated with three different concentrations of colchicine (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) for durations of 12, 24 and 36 h each. The colchiploidy with highest proportion approximately 50% with 2n=4x=32 was found at 0.2% concentration for 24 and 36 h. Autotetraploid enduring plants were identified with morphological and cytological variations such as thickness of leaf, larger stomata with low density, larger pollen, large flower etc. Buds were selected from these plants for the cytological study. Cytological analysis including chromosome counting demonstrated that the chromosome number was doubled. The confirmation of autotetraploid plants was achieved by this technique. Tetraploid plants were grown up to maturity and the harvested seeds were sown to establish the second generation which may be used in future breeding programme

COMPARATIVE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF COLCHICINE IN CORMS OF DIFFERENT COLCHICINE BEARING PLANTS USING HPLC AND HPTLC METHOD

Colchicine is an alkaloid which has been reported to possess anti-gout, anti-rheumatic, antiparasitic and anticancer potential. It is a toxic natural product obtained from plants of the genus Colchicum (C. autumnale and C. luteum), Gloriosa superba, and Iphigenia indica. In the present study, three different methods (percolation, sonication, and Soxhlation) of the extraction for colchicine from three different plants (C. luteum, G.superba, and I. indica) have been studied.The concentration of colchicine in different prepared extracts was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) methods. The developed and optimized chromatographic method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, recovery and robustness. The developed methods (HPLC and HPTLC) were applied for the comparative quantitative estimation of colchicine in three different plant extracts. Both the methods were found to be simple, selective and accurate with a wide range of linearity, hence useful for the quantification of colchicine content in different formulations containing colchicine-bearing plant extracts. Due to its toxic nature, the quantification of colchicine will play an important role in quality control of several herbal and unani formulations containing colchicine-bearing plant extracts. The present studies clearly indicate that both G. superba and C. luteum contain about 0.2 %w/w of colchicine.

In Vitro Polyploid Induction of Highbush Blueberry through De Novo Shoot Organogenesis.

Polyploid induction is of utmost importance in horticultural plants for the development of new varieties with desirable morphological and physiological traits. Polyploidy may occur naturally due to the formation of unreduced gametes or can be artificially induced by doubling the number of chromosomes in somatic cells. In this experiment, a protocol for in vitro polyploid induction of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) leaf tissues was studied by using different concentrations of colchicine and oryzalin. Oryzalin was found to be highly toxic to this species, while the adventitious shoot organogenesis media enriched with 25 and 250 µM colchicine was able to induce polyploidization, with significant differences among the treatments used. Higher concentrations of both antimitotic agents led to the browning and death of the leaf tissues. The polyploids obtained showed several morphological differences when compared with the diploid shoots. Flow cytometry analysis was used to confirm the ploidy level of the regenerated shoots, demonstrating that a total of 15 tetraploids and 34 mixoploids were obtained. The stomatal sizes (length and width) of the tetraploids were larger than those of the diploids, but a reduced stomatal density was observed as compared to the controls. These shoots will be acclimatized and grown until they reach the reproductive phase in order to test their potential appeal as new varieties or their use for breeding and genetic improvement.

Tetraploid induction through somatic embryogenesis in Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. by colchicine treatment

• Somatic embryos regenerated from AgNPs-sterilized leaf explants of Ngoc Linh ginseng. • Tetraploid induction by colchicine in Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. from somatic embryo. • Tetraploid plantlets had vigorous growth compared to the diploid plantlets. In the present study, the protocol of polyploid induction via somatic embryogenesis of the Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) (2n = 2x = 24) was developed. Ex vitro leaf explants were disinfected with AgNPs at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 g/L for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L Kin for somatic embryogenesis. Globular embryos induced from the leaf explants were treated with colchicine by immersed method at different concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% for 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. Then, these embryos were cultured on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L Kin for secondary embryos induction. The ploidy level was identified by counting chromosomes of the root tip of plantlets derived from these secondary embryos. The results showed that the survival rate and somatic embryo induction the highest (65.56% and 29.89%, respectively) at 0.2 g/L AgNPs for 20 min. For colchicine treatment, the increase in the concentration and exposure time of colchicine decreased the survival rate of explants and the number of secondary embryos but increased the abnormal secondary embryo formation. Identifying the ploidy level showed that the treatments with colchicine concentrations from 0.3% to 0.5% for 48 h lead to tetraploid induction rates from 22.22% to 25.92%. The results also revealed that the tetraploids (2n = 4x = 48) had larger stomatal size, lower stomatal density, denser stomatal chloroplast density, and better growth than did the diploids.

INDUÇÃO DE POLIPLOIDIA EM GENÓTIPOS DE MELANCIA COM RESISTÊNCIA AO OÍDIO (Podosphaera xanthii)

ABSTRACT Triploid watermelon is highly appreciated by the most demanding markets, and due to its small size, it is ideal for consumption by small families. With the growth in areas cultivated with seedless watermelon worldwide, there is a demand for the development of tetraploid germplasm to obtain triploid hybrids with better agronomic performance. This study performed two tests to induce polyploidy in the powdery mildew–resistant line developed by Embrapa Semi-Arid, LDRO, under different colchicine concentrations and application methods. In Experiment 1, the seeds were treated with colchicine (0.0%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) for 24 h and 48 h. In Experiment 2, 0.2% colchicine was applied by different methods: (a) directly on the seed (MDS) with and without scarification, (b) on seeds with radicle emission (MER), (c) at the insertion point between the hypocotyl and the root (MIHR), (d) at the seedling apex (MAP), and (e) in the inverted hypocotyl (MHI). Chromosome count (cytogenetic analysis), number of chloroplasts per pair of guard cells, number of stomata, seedling height, and hypocotyl diameter were measured. In the LDRO line, chromosomal duplication occurred in some plant cells, but it was not possible to obtain 100% tetraploid plants. Colchicine (0.2%) for 48 h without mechanical scarification induced chromosomal duplication in watermelon. The analysis of the number of chloroplasts identified the level of ploidy early, reducing the number of plants needed to be evaluated by cytogenetics, which allowed us to more accurately identify the different levels of ploidy of the plant.

Induced Mutation by Colchicine in Java Cardamom (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton) Generation MV1

Java cardamom is an important commodity that produces secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites of Java cardamom are utilized as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer. Improve secondary metabolite through colchicine-induced mutation are necessary to get polyploid. It has been reported that polyploid produces higher secondary metabolites. This research aimed to describe Java cardamom’s phenotypes resulting from colchicine treatment and identify ploidy levels through flow cytometry. This research was conducted from July 2021 to January 2022 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture IPB using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The buds were soaked in different concentrations of colchicine (0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15%) with a shaker at 100 rpm for 6 hours. Plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf length and width, pseudostem diameter, number of stomata, greeny leaf score, and ploidy levels are observed. The result showed that 0.10% colchicine caused leaf malformation and chimera. Colchicine treatment could inhibit plant growth. Colchicine treatment produced lower plant height during 16 weeks of observation, fewer leaves at 10-18 WAP, and fewer tillers at 14-18 WAP. However, the colchicine treatment did not produce polyploids.
 Keywords: flow cytometry, phenotype, ploidy levels

Advantage of clinical colchicine concentration to promote sorafenib or regorafenib anti-cancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma

The advantage of colchicine to promote sorafenib or regorafenib anti-cancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated. Four primary cultured HCC cell lines (S103, S143, S160, S176) were studied by clinically achievable plasma sorafenib (5, 10 μg/mL), regorafenib (2, 4 μg/mL) and colchicine (4 ng/mL) concentrations. Sorafenib and regorafenib target genes and cancer stem cell markers (NANOG, POU5F1) were selected for experiments. Colchicine inhibited proliferation in all cell lines. Sorafenib inhibited proliferation only in S143 (5 μg/mL). Combined colchicine with sorafenib reversed the sorafenib effect on cellular proliferation from promotive to inhibitory in S103, and demonstrated anti-proliferative effects on other cell lines. Regorafenib inhibited proliferation in S103 (2 μg/mL), S176 (2 μg/mL) and S160 (4 μg/mL). Combined colchicine with regorafenib demonstrated equal or stronger anti-proliferative effects than regorafenib alone in all cell lines except S160. Combined colchicine obliterated or reduced the number of up-regulated target genes induced by sorafenib, and demonstrated equal or increased number of down-regulated target genes as compared with regorafenib alone. However, combined colchicine with regorafenib increased one up-regulated target gene in three cell lines. Colchicine obliterated or decreased the magnitude of up-regulated NANOG induced by sorafenib (S103, S143, S176) or regorafenib (S143), and combined with regorafenib could down-regulate NANOG (S160, S176). Adding colchicine to sorafenib or regorafenib showed inconsistent influence on POU5F1 expression as compared with sorafenib or regorafenib alone. The above results suggest that the anti-cancer effects of combined sorafenib with colchicine may be better than sorafenib alone. Colchicine may be added to regorafenib non-responders.

Potentiality of Colchicine in Induction of Polyploids in Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton cv. Ramanathapuram Gundumalli

The study was commenced in a compulsion toaccomplish a successful approach in developing a commercially viable polyploidy variety in Jasminum sambac. Rooted cuttings of J. sambac cv. Ramanathapuram Gundumalli were treated with different concentrations of colchicine (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%) for 48 hours. The survival and sprouting rates for the different treatments were determined after 45 days of treatment and the phenotypic and stomatal characteristics of the treated plants were recorded. Colchicine treatments registered reduction in plant height (76.00 cm to 27.33 cm), internodal length (3.88 cm to 2.64 cm) and number of flowering cymes per plant (56.33 to 20.44) in comparison with the control. In comparison to untreated plants, polyploidy-induced plants developed leaves with larger stomata and lower stomatal frequency.

Effect of low concentrations of caffeine and colchicine on microbial growth and biofilm formation

A study into the effect of low concentrations of caffeine and colchicine alkaloids on the growth and biofilm formation of rhizospheric microorganisms – Gram-positive Rhodococcus qingshengii and Gramnegative Rhizobium radiobacter – is presented. Alkaloids present in plants effectively protect them from being eaten by animals of various taxa, as well as from fungal and bacterial infections. Forming part of a complex, evolutionary system of plant-microbial interactions, they occur naturally in the medium at low concentrations. One of the decisive factors in the spread of microorganisms is the formation of biofilms. In the study, alkaloids were added to the bacterial suspension at time intervals corresponding to distinct phases of biofilm formation. In order to determine the level of biofilm formation, bacterial cells were stained with crystal violet. The optical density of the suspension was used to assess the effect of alkaloids on bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The effect of caffeine and colchicine in concentrations of 10-5 g/L on the growth and biofilm formation of microorganisms is revealed for the first time. Although alkaloids did not affect the growth of the suspension of Gram-positive Rhodococcus qingshengii, they effectively suppressed the suspension of Gram-negative Rhizobium radiobacter. While Rhodococcus qingshengii showed greater sensitivity to alkaloids at the stage of biofilm formation, Rhizobium radiobacter was more sensitive at the stage of "mature" biofilms. The effect of alkaloids could be expressed both in terms of suppression and enhancement of biofilm growth. It can be assumed that the mechanism of action of plant alkaloids at the level of signaling systems and bacterial quorum sensing allows the protective function to be maintained even with a significant decrease in the number of alkaloids under conditions of permanent antagonism in which they are constantly being destroyed by phytopathogens.

Colchicine as a Modulator of Platelet Function: A Systematic Review.

The microtubule inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent colchicine is used to treat a range of conditions involving inflammasome activation in monocytes and neutrophils, and is now known to prevent coronary and cerebrovascular events. In vitro studies dating back more than 50 years showed a direct effect of colchicine on platelets, but as little contemporary attention has been paid to this area, we have critically reviewed the effects of colchicine on diverse aspects of platelet biology in vitro and in vivo. In this systematic review we searched Embase, Medline, and PubMed for articles testing platelets after incubation with colchicine and/or reporting a clinical effect of colchicine treatment on platelet function, including only papers available in English and excluding reviews and conference abstracts. We identified 98 relevant articles and grouped their findings based on the type of study and platelet function test. In vitro, colchicine inhibits traditional platelet functions, including aggregation, clotting, degranulation, and platelet-derived extracellular vesicle formation, although many of these effects were reported at apparently supraphysiological concentrations. Physiological concentrations of colchicine inhibit collagen- and calcium ionophore-induced platelet aggregation and internal signaling. There have been limited studies of in vivo effects on platelets. The colchicine-platelet interaction has the potential to contribute to colchicine-mediated reduction in cardiovascular events, but there is a pressing need for high quality clinical research in this area.

Influence of Colchicine Concentrations on Wheat Seeds Germination and Seedling Quality

The study investigated the effect of colchicine (C) on seeds germination, as well as morph physiological traits of wheat, where dry wheat seeds were treated with colchicine at concentrations of (C) were (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 %) compared to soaking in distilled water (control). The variance analysis results of laboratory germination experiments as well as in field experiments under rain-fed conditions showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean of most of the studied quantitative traits: germination quality such as germination force (%), germination energy (%), and laboratory germination (%). Leaf area (cm2 ), root spread, stem diameter (cm), as well as wet and dry weight under the influence of the different concentrations of colchicine. Where the results showed that when used wheat seeds which pre-soaked with colchicine solution at a concentration of (0.06) % for 56 hours pre-sowing, led to an obvious significant increase in all studied traits morph physiological properties and seedling vigor when compared to the control (untreated seeds - treated with distilled water only) as well as when compared with other concentrations of colchicine.

In vitro Induction and Phenotypic Variations of Autotetraploid Garlic (Allium sativum L.) With Dwarfism.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a compelling horticultural crop with high culinary and therapeutic values. Commercial garlic varieties are male-sterile and propagated asexually from individual cloves or bulbils. Consequently, its main breeding strategy has been confined to the time-consuming and inefficient selection approach from the existing germplasm. Polyploidy, meanwhile, plays a prominent role in conferring plants various changes in morphological, physiological, and ecological properties. Artificial polyploidy induction has gained pivotal attention to generate new genotype for further crop improvement as a mutational breeding method. In our study, efficient and reliable in vitro induction protocols of autotetraploid garlic were established by applying different antimitotic agents based on high-frequency direct shoot organogenesis initiated from inflorescence explant. The explants were cultured on solid medium containing various concentrations of colchicine or oryzalin for different duration days. Afterward, the ploidy levels of regenerated plantlets with stable and distinguished characters were confirmed by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. The colchicine concentration at 0.2% (w/v) combined with culture duration for 20 days was most efficient (the autotetraploid induction rate was 21.8%) compared to the induction rate of 4.3% using oryzalin at 60 μmol L–1 for 20 days. No polymorphic bands were detected by simple sequence repeat analysis between tetraploid and diploid plantlets. The tetraploids exhibited a stable and remarkable dwarfness effect rarely reported in artificial polyploidization among wide range of phenotypic variations. There are both morphological and cytological changes including extremely reduced plant height, thickening and broadening of leaves, disappearance of pseudostem, density reduction, and augmented width of stomatal. Furthermore, the level of phytohormones, including, indole propionic acid, gibberellin, brassinolide, zeatin, dihydrozeatin, and methyl jasmonate, was significantly lower in tetraploids than those in diploid controls, except indole acetic acid and abscisic acid, which could partly explain the dwarfness in hormonal regulation aspect. Moreover, as the typical secondary metabolites of garlic, organosulfur compounds including allicin, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide accumulated a higher content significantly in tetraploids. The obtained dwarf genotype of autotetraploid garlic could bring new perspectives for the artificial polyploids breeding and be implemented as a new germplasm to facilitate investigation into whole-genome doubling consequences.

Predictive value of the product of plasma colchicine concentration and poisoning time for the prognosis of colchicine poisoning patients

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of the product of first plasmacolchicine concentration and poisoning time for the prognosis of colchicine poisoning patients, and to provide a basis for early prognosis assessment. Methods: October 2021, patients with colchicine poisoning admitted in the First Affiliated Hospitol of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2017 to September 2021 were collected, including general information such as patient gender, age, oral colchicine dose, poisoning time, the first laboratory test index andplasma colchicine concentration after admission. The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to their prognosis. The differences in clinical indicators such as admission plasma colchicine concentration, blood routine, blood biochemistry, coagulation function, and blood gas analysis were compared between the two groups, and their predictive value for the prognosis of patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 23 patients with colchicine poisoning, aged 20-85 years, were included in this study, of which 15 cases (65.22%) survived and 8 cases (34.78%) died. The first plasma colchicine concentration at admision were 0.42-53.61 ng/ml. The plasma colchicine concentration and the concentration-time product were 10.08-2147.04 h·ng/ml.Compared with the survival group, the plasma colchicine concentration and the concentration-time product in the death group were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that first plasma concentration and poisoning time>132.48 h·ng/ml, high C-reactive protein, high D-dimer, high absolute value of BE were the risk factors for the prognosis of patients with colchicine poisoning (OR=12.000, 95%CI: 1.1181-128.836; OR=1.053, 95%CI: 1.009-1.098; OR=1.219, 95%CI: 1.039-1.429; OR=1.360, 95%CI: 1.1.044-1.773; P<0.05). High prothrombin time activity was protective factor affecting the prognosis of colchicine poisoning patients (OR=0.941, 95%CI: 0.892~0.993; P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curves of first plasma concentration and poisoning time, C-reactive protein, absolute value of BE, D-dimer for predicting the prognosis of patients with colchicine poisoning were 0.918, 0.888, 0.867, 0.837, respectively, and the areas under the curves of prothrombin time activityfor predicting the prognosis of patients with colchicine poisoning was 0.788 (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The product of the first plasma colchicine concentration at admission and poisoning time is closely related to the prognosis of patients with colchicine poisoning, it can be used as a predictor for early evaluation of the prognosis of poisoned patients.

Induction of 2n pollen by colchicine during microsporogenesis to produce polyploids in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)

Polyploid breeding is an effective way to improve ornamental traits of horticultural plants. Colchicine, an anti-mitotic agent, is widely used to induce 2n gametes in horticultural plants, allowing for the production of polyploid plants through sexual hybridization. Based on an understanding of flower bud development and meiosis in pollen mother cells (PMCs) of Paeonia lactiflora cv. ‘Fen Yu Nu’, 2n pollen were obtained by injecting different concentrations of colchicine (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5%) into flower buds multiple times (once, twice or three times with a 24-h interval in between). External morphology, viability and possible hybridization of colchicine-induced 2n pollen were observed. Finally, P. lactiflora cv. ‘Lian Tai’ was pollinated with colchicine-induced pollen from ‘Fen Yu Nu’. Polyploids were identified among offspring by flow cytometry, chromosome counting, and molecular assessment using simple sequence repeats (SSR). Flower bud diameter of herbaceous peony was related with meiosis in PMCs. The most suitable period to induce 2n pollen was when most PMCs were in prophase I of meiosis, and when flower buds were about 11-12 mm in diameter. The highest induced incidence (%) of 2n pollen was 47.39% following treatment with 0.4% colchicine solution injected twice. The average diameter of 2n pollen was 46.01 μm, which was 1.53-fold wider than haploid pollen. SEM results indicated that 2n pollen were considerably different from haploid pollen in terms of external shape and surface decoration, and 2n pollen were mostly spherical or with an irregular shape. Induced 2n pollen could germinate in vitro and on the stigma of the female parent, but abnormalities such as pollen tube bifurcation or thickening were observed in both germinated states. The percentage of germinated 2n pollen in vitro was 12.78%. In addition, two tetraploids (2n = 4x = 20) were obtained by 2n pollen hybridization. SSR analysis indicated that tetraploids were produced by the spontaneous fusion of 2n female gametes with colchicine-induced 2n male gametes. This indicates that colchicine did not entirely inactivate 2n pollen. The production of few polyploids may be due to the abnormal germination of 2n pollen and obstacles in ploidy hybridization. Our findings fortify the foundation for Paeonia polyploid breeding.

Induction of mutation with colchicine in Olimpus potato by in vitro culture

Plant breeding of Olimpus potato is carried out to develop potato varieties which resistant to abiotic stress (high temperature) and to develop potato varieties in the lowland of the tropic. The uses of colchicine is expected to induce genetic diversity as a source for plant breeding. This research aimed to determine the effect of colchicine on the Olimpus potato in vitro and to generates genetic diversity to be developed into new varieties as material lines for selection. This study was conducted using a RBD with two factors, are concentration of colchicine with 5 level are 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% and immersion time duration of 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The results showed colchicine treatment signifficantlyaffect on vegetative growth variables. Colchicine concentration of treatment with 0.04% and 24 hours immersion showed better growth of shoot than the control at variable leaf number and concentration 0.04% with 48 hours immersion at variable shoot height. Treatment with 0.08% colchicine and 48 hours immersion resulted highest number of internode than the control. The highest number of root present in concentration of colchicine with 0.02% and 12 hours immersion. Colchicine treatment resulted on variations of Olimpus potato shoot differently from control.

Host‐directed anti‐mycobacterial activity of colchicine, an anti‐gout drug, via strengthened host innate resistance reinforced by the IL‐1β/PGE2 axis

To diversify and expand possible tuberculosis (TB) drug candidates and maximize limited global resources, we investigated the effect of colchicine, an FDA-approved anti-gout drug, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection because of its immune-modulating effects. We evaluated the intracellular anti-Mtb activity of different concentrations of colchicine in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). To elucidate the underlying mechanism, RNA sequencing, biological and chemical inhibition assays, and Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemical analyses were employed. Finally, type I interferon-dependent highly TB-susceptible A/J mice were challenged with virulent Mtb H37Rv, and the host-directed therapeutic effect of oral colchicine administration on bacterial burdens and lung inflammation was assessed 30 days post-infection (2.5mg·kg-1 every 2days). Colchicine reinforced the anti-Mtb activity of BMDMs without affecting cell viability, indicating that colchicine facilitated macrophage immune activation upon Mtb infection. The results from RNA sequencing, NLRP3 knockout BMDM, IL-1 receptor blockade, and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that this unexpected intracellular anti-Mtb activity of colchicine was mediated through NLRP3-dependent IL-1β signalling and Cox-2-regulated PGE2 production in macrophages. Consequently, the TB-susceptible A/J mouse model showed remarkable protection, with decreased bacterial loads in both the lungs and spleens of oral colchicine-treated mice, with significantly elevated Cox-2 expression at infection sites. The repurposing of colchicine against Mtb infection in this study highlights its unique function in macrophages upon Mtb infection and its novel potential use in treating TB as host-directed or adjunctive therapy.

In vitro octaploid induction of Populus hopeiensis with colchicine

BackgroundAutopolyploids, especially artificial lines, provide model systems for understanding the mechanisms of gene dosage effects on trait variation owing to their relatively uniform genetic background. Here, a protocol for in vitro octaploid induction of Populus hopeiensis from leaf blades with colchicine treatment was established through investigation of the effects of different pre-culture durations, colchicine concentrations, and exposure times.ResultsWe found that pre-culture duration, colchicine concentration, and exposure time had significant effects on the survival rate, shoot regeneration rate, and octaploid induction rate of P. hopeiensis leaf blades. The highest octaploid induction rate (8.61%) was observed when leaf blades pre-cultured for 9 days were treated for 4 days with 100 μM colchicine. The ploidy level of all regenerated plantlets was analyzed by flow cytometry and further confirmed by chromosome counting. A total of 14 octaploids were obtained. The stomatal length, width, and density of leaf blades significantly differed between tetraploid and octaploid plants. Compared with diploid and tetraploid plants, octaploids had a slower growth rate, smaller leaf blade size, and shorter internodes.ConclusionsWe established an effective protocol for inducing octaploids in vitro from autotetraploid P. hopeiensis leaf blades by colchicine treatment.

Sensitivity in Callus Tissue of Plectranthus amboinicus (L.) through Mutation Induction with Colchicine

Mutation induction by colchicine is one method to improve plant genetic diversity (polyploidy). This study aims to 1) obtain growth regulators composition suitable in inducing callus, 2) obtain the LC50 value in callus of P. amboinicus, 3) to determine the effect of colchicine on callus growth, 4) to get shoots (putative mutant) varian, regenerating from indirect organogenesis (callus) in MV1. The study is conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Seed Management, Plantation Research, and Development Center from June 2018 to June 2019. The study uses a complete randomized design with four treatments and three replications. Explants use ware the nodes. Callus induction uses MS0 medium with 0.5 ppm 2.4-D, 2 ppm 2.4-D, 0.5 ppm 2.4-D + 1 ppm BAP, and 0.5 ppm 2.4-D + 0.5 ppm TDZ treatment. Mutation induction was performed using colchicine concentration at 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% treatments. The regeneration media is an MS0 medium. The results show the best combination of plant growth regulators to induce the callus is 0.5 ppm 2.4-D. The LC50 colchicine concentration is at 0.0275%. However, this phenotype is reversible. An additional subculture period is required to move to normal morphology

Induction of polyploids in cayenne pepper (capsicum frutescens L.) through various concentrations of colchicine

Induction of polyploids in cayenne pepper (capsicum frutescens L.) through various concentrations of colchicine

Identifikasi Perubahan Fenotip pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Putih Lokal Eban (Allium sativum L.) yang diberi Perlakuan Kolkisin

Cholchisine is achemical mutagen that has been used to enhanced the quality of local garlic eban plant (Allium sativum L.). The method used in this research is an experimental method, namely colchicine treatment of garlic cloves. The colchicine treatments were used 5%, 10%, and 20%. The phenotypic characters observed were the percentage of shoot, shoot height, root length, number of growing cloves, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, tuber wet weight, tuber dry weight tuber diameter and number of cloves. The results showed that there were phenotypic changes in the parameters (control, cholchisine 5 %,cholchisine 10 %, cholchisine 20 % respectively) namely plant height39.92 cm, 46.76 cm, 43.81 cm, 36.02 cm, number of leafs 6.8 leafs, 7.16 leafs,6.16 leafs, 6.4leafs, stem diameter 0.1 cm, 0.13 cm,0.1 cm, 0.1 cm, tuber wet weight1.97g,3.22 g, 2.19 g, 1.32 g, tuber dry weight1.74 g,2.63 g, 2.03 g, 1.09 g, tuber diameter1cm,1.4 cm, 1.2 cm, 0.94 cm, number of cloves2.4 cloves, 5.16 cloves, 3 cloves, 1 cloves/single, and root length at harvest4.04 cm,7.65 cm, 5.16 cm, 5.1 cm. The appropriate concentration of colchicine for phenotypic changes and increased yield of garlic was 5%. The conclusion of this study is the growth and yield of local Eban garlic showed good phenotype and yield at low concentrations of colchicine.