Concentration Of Carbopol Research Articles

The Effect of Variations in HPMC and Carbopol Bases on The Physical Stability of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Fruit Gel Formulations

Okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is a vegetable that is often used as medicine. Okra fruit contains flavonoids which are antioxidants. Gel formulation with a concentration of 5%, and various combinations of HPMC and carbopol bases. This research aims to determine the physical stability of gel preparations and the effect of variations in the concentration of gelling ingredients in the preparations. The gel formulation consists of 4 formulas, namely F0, F1, F2, and F3. Physical stability tests include organoleptic tests (odor, color and texture), homogeneity, pH, spreadability, stickiness, viscosity and synergy. Tests were carried out for 14 days of storage, namely on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 at room temperature (25℃). The observation results showed that in the organoleptic test there was no change in color, odor and texture in the gel preparation during 14 days of storage. The four gel formulas are homogeneous and there is no synergy. Variations in the combination of HPMC and carbopol bases affect the physical properties of the gel, including pH, viscosity, spreadability and adhesion. HPMC and Carbopol affect the pH of the preparation, the higher the Carbopol content and the lower the HPMC content, the more acidic it is. Carbopol and HPMC affect the values of spreadability, viscosity and adhesion because the higher the concentration of carbopol and HPMC produces a thick gel preparation so that the spreadability decreases, viscosity increases and adhesion also increases.

Rheological insights on Carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels

Hydrogels are copiously studied for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and bone regeneration owing to their water content, mechanical strength, and elastic behaviour. The preparation of stable and mechanically strengthened hydrogels without using toxic crosslinkers and expensive approaches is immensely challenging. In this study, we prepared Carboxymethyl cellulose based hydrogels with different polymer concentration via a less expensive physical crosslinking approach without using any toxic crosslinkers and evaluated their mechanical strength. In this hydrogel system, the carbopol concentration was fixed at 1 wt/v% and the Carboxymethyl cellulose concentration was varied between 1 and 5 wt/v%. In this hydrogel system, Carbopol serves as the crosslinker to bridge Carboxymethyl cellulose polymer through hydrogen bonds. Rheological analysis was employed in assessing the mechanical properties of the prepared hydrogel, in particular, the viscoelastic behaviour of the hydrogels. The viscoelastic nature and mechanical strength of the hydrogels increased with an increase in the Carboxymethyl cellulose polymer concentration. Further, our results suggested that gels with Carboxymethyl cellulose concentration between 3 wt/v % and 4 wt/v % with yield stresses of 58.83 Pa and 81.47 Pa, respectively, are potential candidates for use in transdermal drug delivery. The prepared hydrogels possessed high thermal stability and retained their gel network structure even at 50 °C. These findings are beneficial for biomedical applications in transdermal drug delivery and tissue engineering owing to the biocompatibility, stability, and mechanical strength of the prepared hydrogels.

Development and In vitro characterization of submicron emulsion gel of Tenoxicam

The study was conducted to prepare the submicron emulsion gel of tenoxicam to improve the drug loading and permeation of the drug through the skin. The emulsion was prepared using hot homogenization and ultrasonification method. Further sonification was done to obtain the desired size of emulsion. Then by adjusting the concentration of carbopol 947 as 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, the gel was produced from prepared emulsion. The prepared emulgel was evaluated for its pH, viscosity, drug loading, and In vitro drug release studies. The appearance, phase separation, drug entrapment, and globule size of each produced formulation was also evaluated. All submicron emulsion made were consistent, homogenous, and free from phase separation and drug precipitation.

Fabrication and In vitro Evaluation of Carbopol/Polyvinyl Alcohol-based pH-sensitive Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery.

Diclofenac sodium has a short half-life (about 1.5 hours), requiring repeated administration, and as a result, serious complications, such as GI bleeding, peptic ulcer, and kidney and liver dysfunction, are generated. Hence, a sustained/controlled drug delivery system is needed to overcome the complications caused by the administration of diclofenac sodium. This study aimed to fabricate and evaluate carbopol/polyvinyl alcohol-based pH-sensitive hydrogels for controlled drug delivery. pH-sensitive carbopol/polyvinyl alcohol graft-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels (Cp/PVA-g-PAa hydrogels) were developed for the controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium. The combination of carbopol/polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic acid, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was used as polymer, monomer, and cross-linker, respectively. The effects of the formulation's composition on porosity, swelling index, and release pattern of diclofenac sodium from the developed hydrogels were investigated. An increase in porosity and swelling was observed with the increasing amounts of carbopol and acrylic acid, whereas polyvinyl alcohol showed the opposite effect. Due to the formation of a highly viscous system, the drug release decreased with the increasing concentrations of carbopol and polyvinyl alcohol while increased with increasing acrylic acid concentration. The pH-responsive properties of the fabricated hydrogels were demonstrated by dynamic swelling and drug release studies at three different pH values. Higher dynamic swelling and diclofenac sodium (model drug) release were found at high pH values compared to low pH values, i.e., pH 7.4 > 4.6 > 1.2, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies reported no toxic effect of the prepared hydrogels, thus indicating that the prepared hydrogels are safe to be used on clinical basis. The prepared carbopol/polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked hydrogel can be used as a promising carrier for the controlled release of drugs.

Formulation development and characterization of Lecarnidipine hydrochloride niosomal transdermal patches

The bioavailability of Lercanidipine Hydrochloride (LCP) is about 44% and half-life of the drug is about 4.6 hours. LCP due to its low therapeutic dose range of 2.5 to 20mg and substantial biotransformation in liver becomes it ideal molecule in development of transdermal therapeutic system. The primary objective of the present research work was to develop Niosomal transdermal patch (NP) of Lecarnidipine. The LCP nanoparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation method and the optimized Nanoparticles formulation has shown 225nm particle size with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.120. LCP patches were prepared by incorporating nanoparticles dispersion, using varying concentrations of polymers HPMC E5, HPMC 5cps, HPMC 15cps, Carbopol 734 and Sodium alginate using solvent casting techniques and further optimized by central composite design(CCD) the effect of polymer on the various physico-chemical characteristics and in-vitro drug release studies, ex-vivo skin permeation studies is studied. On the basis of in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo skin permeation studies, the formulation containing (HPMC 15cps and HPMC 5cps) has shown sustained and extended drug release over a period of 24 hrs.
 Keywords: Lecarnidipine; Niosomes; Transdermal patch; Central composite Design, Controlled release; Bioavailability etc.

KLVFF Conjugated Curcumin Microemulsion-Based Hydrogel for Transnasal Route: Formulation Development, Optimization, Physicochemical Characterization, and Ex Vivo Evaluation.

Curcumin is a potent natural compound used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the clinical usefulness of curcumin to treat AD is restricted by its low oral bioavailability and difficulty permeating the blood-brain barrier. To overcome such drawbacks, various alternative strategies have been explored, including the transnasal route. However, rapid mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity is a major hindrance to drug delivery. Thus, designing a delivery system for curcumin to lengthen the contact period between the drug and nasal mucosa must be employed. This study describes the optimization of KLVFF conjugated curcumin microemulsion-base hydrogel (KCMEG) to formulate a prototype transnasal preparation using the response surface method to improve a mucoadhesive property. A central composite design was employed to optimize and evaluate two influencing factors: the concentration of carbopol 940 and the percentage of KLVFF conjugated curcumin microemulsion (KCME). The physicochemical properties, anti-cholinesterase activity, and anti-aggregation activities of KCME were investigated in this study. The studied factors, in terms of main and interaction effects, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced hardness and adhesiveness. The optimized KCMEG was evaluated for pH, spreadability, and mucoadhesive properties. Ex vivo nasal ciliotoxicity to optimize KCMEG was performed through the porcine nasal mucosa. KCME was transparent, with a mean globule size of 70.8 ± 3.4 nm and a pH of 5.80 ± 0.02. The optimized KCMEG containing 2% carbopol 940 showed higher in vitro mucoadhesive potential (9.67 ± 0.13 min) compared with microemulsion and was also found to be free from nasal ciliotoxicity during histopathologic evaluation of the porcine nasal mucosa. The result revealed that both the concentration of carbopol 940 and the percentage of KCME play a crucial role in mucoadhesive properties. In conclusion, incorporating a mucoadhesive agent in a microemulsion can increase the retention time of the formulation, leading to enhanced brain delivery of the drug. Findings from the investigation revealed that KCMEG has the potential to constitute a promising approach to treating AD via transnasal administration.

Oxygen Nanobubbles-Embedded Hydrogel as Wound Dressing to Accelerate Healing.

Herein, we propose an oxygen nanobubbles-embedded hydrogel (ONB-G) with carbopol for oxygenation of wounds to accelerate the wound healing process. We integrate carbopol, hydrogel, and dextran-based oxygen nanobubbles (ONBs) to prepare ONB-G where ONBs can hold and release oxygen to accelerate wound healing. Oxygen release tests showed that the proposed ONB-G could encapsulate oxygen in the hydrogels for up to 34 days; meanwhile, fluorescence studies indicated that the ONB-G could maintain high oxygen levels for up to 4 weeks. The effect of carbopol concentration on the oxygen release capacity and rheological features of the ONB-G were also investigated along with the sterility of ONB-G. HDFa cell-based studies were first conducted to evaluate the viability, proliferation, and revival of cells in hypoxia. Scratch assay and mRNA expression studies indicated the potential benefit for wound closure. Histological evaluation of tissues with a pig model with incision and punch wounds showed that treatment with ONB-G exhibited improved healing compared with hydrogel without ONBs or treated without the gel. Our studies show that dextran-shell ONBs embedded in a gel (ONB-G) have the potential to accelerate wound healing, given its oxygen-holding capacity and release properties.

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI FISIK SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK SIRIH CINA (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) DENGAN VARIASI CARBOPOL SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT

The Chinese betel plant is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Piperaceae family. The Chinese betel plant (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins which help the wound healing process. This study aims to determine the physical quality of Chinese betel gel preparations and the effect of variations in carbopol concentrations as a gelling agent on the physical properties of Chinese betel extract gel. Chinese betel leaf extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent. Gels were made into three formulas with variations in carbopol concentrations, namely F1 (0,5%), F2 (1%), and F3 (2%). The gel preparations were then subjected to physical tests including organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, and viscosity. The homogeneity and organoleptic test results for the three gel formulas were homogeneous, had a blackgreen color, semi-solid form, and had a characteristic odor of the extract. The three gel formulas had a pH of 4,93-5,48, adhesion between 1,13-2,14 seconds, and spreadability ranging from 5,04-6,09 cm. The results of the viscosity test for the three formulas were in the range of 3.913,33-3.915 cPss. Based on the SPSS test results, variations in carbopol concentrations had no significant effect on adhesion, gel spreadability, pH and gel viscosity.

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Masker Hyrogel Ekstrak Etanol Pegagan (Centella Asiatica (L). Urb) Sebagai Antiaging dengan Variasi Basis Carbopol dan HPMC

Gotu kola ethanol extract (Centella asiaticaI (L)urb.) has very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 20.43 μg/ml which can be utilized in the development of pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations. The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate a pharmacologically stable preparation of hydrogel antiaging mask of gotu kola ethanol extract (Centella asiaticaI (L)urb.). The research design used by varying the concentration of carbopol and HPMC was then carried out physical evaluations such as organoleptis, homogeneity, ph measurement, viscosity and flow type tests, adhesion tests, dispersion tests, weight and size tests of hydrogel masks, inflating power tests and shrinkage tests and stability tests. The evaluation results showed that gotu kola ethanol extract (Centella asiaticaI (L)urb.) that met the pharmaceutical stability test was formula 2 with a carbopol concentration of 1.25% and HPMC 2.25%.

Activity, Formulation and Effectiveness of Black Rice Extract (Oryza sativa L) Gel against Staphylococcus aures and Escherichia coli Bacteria

Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains chemical compounds, namely ferulic acid, -oryzanol, amino acids, tannins, phenolics, and anthocyanins which have potential as antibacterial agents. This study aims to formulate an antibacterial gel preparation from black rice extract with an extract concentration of 10% and to test the antibacterial effectiveness of the gel preparation against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Black rice extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol solvent: 3% citric acid. The extract obtained was then formulated in a gel dosage form. The results showed that black rice extract could be formulated as an antibacterial gel preparation that met the organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion requirements. In the results of the antibacterial effectiveness test, there is a clear zone which represents the ability to inhibit the growth of the tested bacteria by the gel. Black rice extract can be formulated in a gel dosage form with an extract concentration of 10% and a physically stable formula is obtained in formula III with a carbopol concentration of 2%. The average diameter of the antibacterial gel FIII preparation of black rice extract in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was classified as strong, namely 11.17 ± 0.34 mm, while inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria was also relatively strong, namely 12.20 ± 0.46 mm

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Carbopol 940 Sebagai Gelling Agent Terhadap Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Gel Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera)

Carbopol 940 is a gelling agent that is very communly used in cosmetic production because of its high compatibility and stability, and it is non-toxic when applied to the skin and it spreads on the skin more easilym gels are semi solid preparations that contain a gel-forming agent which gives stiffiness to collodial solutions or dispersions used for external use on the skin, gel preparations are widely chosen because they are very easy to apply ( easily smeared, absorbed, and cleaned) and more attractive (transparent) compared to the other topical preparations. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of carbopol concentration 940 as a gelling agent on the physical stability of aloe vera gel preparations. this study began with optimization of the carbopol 940 gel base then the preparation formulation used 50% aloe vera extract, 0,5% carbopol 940 F1, 1 % F2, 2% F3, 10 % propylene glycol, 10% glycerine, 0,1% dm dm hydantoin and sufficient aquadest, afterward the evaluation of the preparation included organoleptic, observations, homogeneity tests, pH tests, spreadability tests, adhesion tests and viscosity tests. carbopol 940 was depeloped using co-free water. gel preparations were 0,5%, 1%, and 2%. the results showed that the thrid formulation (F3) with a concentration of 2% fulfilled the physical evaluation requirements for organoleptic, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity, pH and homogeneity tests.

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK SABUT KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L. ) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI CARBOPOL 940 TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Shower gel is one of the preparations that can be used to protect the skin from Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection. Plants that have antibacterial activity are coconut husk, the compounds contained are tannins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Tannins have the activity of inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study aims to determine the influence of Carbopol 940 variations on liquid soap preparations. Liquid soap preparations have antibacterial activity, find out which formulas have the best physical quality. Coconut husk extract was obtained by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The concentration of coconut husk extract in the formula is 1.6% with a variation in the concentration of Carbopol 940 which is 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%. Physical quality examination includes organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity, foam stability test, and free alkali test. Testing the antibacterial activity of liquid soap preparations using the method of diffusion of wells, the data obtained by analysis using the SPSS program. Variations in carbopol concentration 940 affect the physical quality of liquid soap preparations, the increasing concentration of carbopol affects viscosity, foam stability, and free alkali. All formulas have antibacterial activity of 21.23 (F4); 20.22 (F5); 19.37 (F6). The formula with the best physical quality and inhibitory power is formula 4 with a carbopol concentration of 940 of 0.5%.

In Vitro Release Ability of Nanoparticles Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic-Acid (PLGA) Gel Containing Pegagan Leaves Ethanolic Extract (Centella asiatica L.)

Background: Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) leaves are proven to contain high concentrations of flavonoid compounds as antioxidants. Flavonoids are unstable compounds due to environmental influences such as light, humidity, pH, and oxygen. The stability of pegagan extract was proven to be improved by making the extract into nanoparticle preparations. Objective: This study aims to formulate nanoparticles of pegagan into gel preparations and determine their release ability with the Franz diffusion test using a cellophane membrane compared to pegagan gel not formulated into nanoparticles. Methods: Nanoparticles were made using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid polymers and then formulated into gels with various concentrations of Carbopol 934, namely 1, 1.5 and 2%. The gel nanoparticles were then subjected to the characterization of the preparation, stability test and release test of the preparation. Results: A concentration of 1% Carbopol 934 provides the best evaluation of gel preparations where the gel produced was homogeneous, pH was around 6.2, viscosity was 3417.12 cPs, spreadability was 5.1 cm, and adhesion was 209.33 seconds. The stability test showed no significant organoleptic and pH changes (p&gt;0.05). The release kinetics model occurs at zero order. F1 has a higher reaction kinetics constant (k) than the other formulations, so drug release occurs faster. Conclusion: The best formula of pegagan (F1) nanoparticle gel was proven to have good physical stability and release ability.

Formulation of Peel-Off Gel Mask from of Carbopol (Daucus carota L) Skin Extract as Antioxidant with variations of Carbopoly Base 940 and Propylene Glycol

Antioxidant compounds reduce ageing of the skin. Carrot peels contain antioxidant compounds. This research aimed to determine whether the red dragon fruit peels can be made into preparations like peel-off mask gel with variations in carbopol 940 and propylene glikol as the influence of variations in the physical basis of the quality of preparation and antioxidant activity. Carrot peel extraxtion by a maseration method using 70% ethanol. Peel-off mask gel made with a variable concentration of carbopol 940 and propylene glycol which is 0.5%: 5%; 0.5%: 7.5%; 0.5%: 10%; 1%: 5%; 1%: 7.5%; and 1%: 10%. The DPPH (1,1-dyphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl) method was used for the antioxidant test. The evaluation is used for observing the physical properties, which include organoleptic, time to dry, viscosity, spreading, and pH, with antioxidant activity of each formula. The results showed that the carrot peels can be made into a prepared peel-off mask gel. The low amount of propylene glycol and high amount of carbopol 940 affected the quality of the preparation. It had a high viscosity, low dispersive power, an acid pH, dried out slowly, and had low antioxidant activity.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Apremilast Nanoemulgel for Enhancing Permeability

Background: Oral apremilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, is effective in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and acute psoriatic arthritic disease. According to BCS categorization, it is a class IV medication, which denotes low solubility and lesser permeability through the skin. Objective: The objective of the research is to develop a nanoemulsion that will increase apremilast’s skin permeability. Utilizing a simplex lattice design, an optimised nanoemulsion has been developed, and then transformed into a gel form and created as a nanoemulgel. Method: The nanoemulsion was developed by selecting the oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and cosolvent, in that order, based on the solubility study, and was then evaluated based on various criteria. Different grades and concentrations of carbopol polymer were used to make nanoemulgel, which was then tested for physicochemical parameters like pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, percentage of drug content, percentage of drug diffusion, skin permeation, and skin retention. For skin irritancy tests, male Wistar albino rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were used to find out how likely it was that apremilast-loaded nanoemulgel would cause skin irritation. Result: The nanoemulsion formulation A5 containing 10% Captex 355 and 40% Smix in a 3:1 ratio of Cremophore RH 40: Labrafil showed the smallest particle size and greatest drug diffusion. In comparison to other formulations of emulgel, the 0.75 % concentration of carbopol 940 produced the best results. Conclusion: A stable nanoemulgel system with apremilast loaded was created, and a number of process factors were assessed. The optimised batch produced repeatable results when evaluated, exhibited no skin irritation, and was shown to be stable after three months at ambient conditions of temperature and humidity.

Formation of droplets of yield stress non-Newtonian fluids at T-junctions within parallelized microchannels

The effects of yield stress on the flow pattern, and the breakup mechanism, formation frequency and size of droplets at T-junctions within symmetrical parallelized microchannels are investigated experimentally. Carbopol gel and cyclohexane with 5 wt% span 20 are used as dispersed and continuous phases, respectively. Three flow patterns are observed, including parallel flow, jetting flow-elongated droplets, and dripping flow-slug/cloud droplets. Based on the yield stress characteristics, the breakup dynamics of the liquid–liquid interface during droplet formation under different flow patterns, flow rates and Carbopol concentrations are studied. The results reveal that the yield stress would enlarge the thickness of liquid film, weaken the squeezing force of the continuous phase and enhance the resistance of the dispersed phase, which greatly slow down the droplet formation. Finally, the stable and uniform operating ranges of liquid–liquid two-phase flow in yield stress non-Newtonian fluids are obtained, and the semi-empirical formulas for droplet size prediction are established.

Formulasi Sistem Vesikel Elastik Surfaktan Nonionik Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Etlingera alba dalam Sediaan Gel

Etlingera alba is a plant in Southeast Sulawesi that has antioxidant activity. Natural ingredients such as herbal medicine require a delivery system that facilitates them to reach the site of drug action, especially for transdermal delivery. The elastic vesicle system is a transdermal delivery system that can increase the penetration of active substances at the skin through the act of phospholipids on the skin's lipid bilayer and the deformability of the vesicles. This study aims to formulate and evaluate Etlingera alba rhizome ethanolic extract's elastic vesicle gel to obtain the optimal concentration of Tween 60 as a vesicle former and carbopol as a gel base. Preparation of elastic vesicles of Etlingera alba ethanolic extract using the heat method through variations Tween 60's concentration, namely 5%(F1); 10%(F2); 15%(F3); and 20%(F4). Meanwhile, elastic vesicle gel formulation of the ethanol extract of Etlingera alba rhizome used various concentrations of 0.5% carbopol gel base (FGel 1); 1% (FGel 2); 1.5% (FGel 3); and 2% (FGel 4). The results obtained were the optimum concentration of Tween 60 as a constituent of elastic vesicles of 15% (F4) with spherical morphology using an optical microscope, vesicle size of 10.45 nm, and polydispersity index of 0.280 using a Particle Size Analyzer. In addition, the optimal concentration of carbopol as a base for elastic vesicle gel is a concentration of 0.5% (GGel 1) with white color, distinctive aroma, and thick texture, and has a pH of 6, a viscosity of 2,366 cPs, spread of 6.8 cm, and physically stable through cycling test.

Exploring potential of diacerin nanogel for topical application in arthritis: Formulation development, QbD based optimization and pre-clinical evaluation

Diacerein (DCN) is a chondroprotective agent which shows inadequate oral bioavailability along with gastrointestinal side effects. This study is intended to develop a topical novel DCN delivery system. DCN nanogel was prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The formulation was optimized by response surface methodology by taking two independent variables, concentration of carbopol 940 and eudragit RSPO and three dependent variables, particle size, % entrapment efficiency (EE) and % drug release at 24 h. The optimized formulation had adequat% EE, % drug release at 24 h and particle size. The particle size for optimized nanogel was 190.3 nm with % EE of 83.51% whereas % drug release at 24 h was found 90.13%. The optimized DCN nanogel was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The drug release kinetic study has shown that the gel followed Higuchi’s model and the diffusion was anomalous in nature. The nanogel was characterized for physical examination, viscosity, homogeneity and stability parameters and the results obtained were found upto the mark. The ex-vivo permeation study data was in correlation with results of in-vitro study. In-vivo anti-arthritic study proved the efficacy of developed formulation for arthritis in Freund’s Adjuvant Arthritic model. This research work has proved the significant potential of innovated product for arthritis by topical route, as it overcomes the drawbacks of oral route, highly efficient, sustained and targeted the release of drug without any accumulation and toxicity.

Studies on Development and Evaluation of Topical Ethosomal Gel Embedded Antifungal Agent for Athlete's Foot

BackgroundnbspAthletes foot also known as lsquotinea pedisrsquo is a fungal skin infection caused by different fungi and is associated with itching scaling cracking and redness. Several topical products of antifungal agents such as lotions sprays powders creams jellies and pastes are applied for treating fungal skin infections. All these topical formulations have certain potential bioavailability issues such as less residual time poor skin permeability and absorption thus resulting in poor patient compliance.AimnbspTo formulate and evaluate a novel vesicular carrier Econazole nitrate ECN as Ethosomes in the form of gel for improving antifungal activity against Athletes foot.MethodsnbspIn the present study ECN drug loaded ethosomal vesicular suspension formulations ES-1 ES-2 ES-3 ES-4 were prepared by solvent dispersion technique by mixing ECN with other excipients. Further ethosomal gel of ECN EG-5 EG-6 EG-7 EG-8 was formulated by adding 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.5 wv of Carbopol into the vesicular suspension. The drug-excipient interactions were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared FT-IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimeter DSC while shape and surface characteristics were assessed using scanning electron microscopy SEM. In vitro drug release of gel was examined in phosphate buffer pH-7.4 by Franz diffusion cell technique.ResultsnbspAll rheological properties of gel showed satisfactory results. No significant drug-excipient interactions were observed in FT-IR and DSC. While increase in concentrations of soya lecithin and carbopol influenced vesicular shape and surface morphology particle size zeta potential and drug entrapment efficiency the in vitro drug release significantly increased from carbopol drug loaded ethosomal gel.ConclusionnbspThe formulated carbopol drug loaded ethosomal gel enhanced residential time permeability of drug and provided greater bioavailability to improve therapy.

Obtaining and study of the physicochemical properties of hydrogel ointments based on the complex of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) with iodine and carbopol

Hydrogel ointments based on complex of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) with iodine and carbopol 940 as a gel base were obtained. The rheological properties of hydrogels have been studied. It has been established that the viscosity characteristics of the gels depend only on concentration of carbopol 940 and presence of polymeric iodophor complex does not affect their rheological properties. The study of release of iodine from obtained hydrogels using Frans cell installation showed that samples of carbopol 940-POZ-iodine/iodide release the smallest amount of iodine and show a prolonging effect. The possibility of using hydrogel ointments as dosage forms for treatment of skin diseases has been studied. It is shown that obtained gel samples are able to stay on the skin surface in the flush mode for 40 minutes, while there is no staining of the skin with iodine.