Serum HDL-cholesterol Concentrations Research Articles

Identification of eight genetic variants as novel determinants of dyslipidemia in Japanese by exome-wide association studies.

We have performed exome-wide association studies to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms that influence serum concentrations of triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL)–cholesterol, or low density lipoprotein (LDL)–cholesterol or confer susceptibility to hypertriglyceridemia, hypo–HDL-cholesterolemia, or hyper–LDL-cholesterolemia in Japanese. Exome-wide association studies for serum triglycerides (13,414 subjects), HDL-cholesterol (14,119 subjects), LDL-cholesterol (13,577 subjects), hypertriglyceridemia (4742 cases, 8672 controls), hypo–HDL-cholesterolemia (2646 cases, 11,473 controls), and hyper–LDL-cholesterolemia (4489 cases, 9088 controls) were performed with HumanExome-12 DNA Analysis BeadChip or Infinium Exome-24 BeadChip arrays. Twenty-four, 69, or 32 loci were significantly (P < 1.21 × 10−6) associated with serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, or LDL-cholesterol, respectively, with 13, 16, or 9 of these loci having previously been associated with triglyceride-, HDL-cholesterol–, or LDL-cholesterol–related traits, respectively. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10790162, rs7350481) were significantly related to both serum triglycerides and hypertriglyceridemia; three polymorphisms (rs146515657, rs147317864, rs12229654) were significantly related to both serum HDL-cholesterol and hypo–HDL-cholesterolemia; and six polymorphisms (rs2853969, rs7771335, rs2071653, rs2269704, rs2269703, rs2269702) were significantly related to both serum LDL-cholesterol and hyper–LDL-cholesterolemia. Among polymorphisms identified in the present study, two polymorphisms (rs146515657, rs147317864) may be novel determinants of hypo–HDL-cholesterolemia, and six polymorphisms (rs2853969, rs7771335, rs2071653, rs2269704, rs2269703, rs2269702) may be new determinants of hyper–LDL-cholesterolemia. In addition, 12, 61, 23, or 3 polymorphisms may be new determinants of the serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, or LDL-cholesterol concentrations or of hyper–LDL-cholesterolemia, respectively.

Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial1–3

Background: Controversies persist concerning the association between intake of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and cardiovascular disease risk.Objective: We compared the impact of consuming equal amounts of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors.Design: In a multicenter, crossover, randomized controlled trial, 92 men and women with abdominal obesity and relatively low HDL-cholesterol concentrations were assigned to sequences of 5 predetermined isoenergetic diets of 4 wk each separated by 4-wk washouts: 2 diets rich in SFAs (12.4–12.6% of calories) from either cheese or butter; a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)–rich diet (SFAs: 5.8%, MUFAs: 19.6%); a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)–rich diet (SFAs: 5.8%, PUFAs: 11.5%); and a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (fat: 25%, SFAs: 5.8%).Results: Serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations were similar after the cheese and butter diets but were significantly higher than after the carbohydrate diet (+3.8% and +4.7%, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). LDL-cholesterol concentrations after the cheese diet were lower than after the butter diet (−3.3%, P < 0.05) but were higher than after the carbohydrate (+2.6%), MUFA (+5.3%), and PUFA (+12.3%) diets (P < 0.05 for all). LDL-cholesterol concentrations after the butter diet also increased significantly (from +6.1% to +16.2%, P < 0.05) compared with the carbohydrate, MUFA, and PUFA diets. The LDL-cholesterol response to treatment was significantly modified by baseline values (P-interaction = 0.02), with the increase in LDL cholesterol being significantly greater with butter than with cheese only among individuals with high baseline LDL-cholesterol concentrations. There was no significant difference between all diets on inflammation markers, blood pressure, and insulin-glucose homeostasis.Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that the consumption of SFAs from cheese and butter has similar effects on HDL cholesterol but differentially modifies LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared with the effects of carbohydrates, MUFAs, and PUFAs, particularly in individuals with high LDL cholesterol. In contrast, SFAs from either cheese or butter have no significant effects on several other nonlipid cardiometabolic risk factors. This trial was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02106208.

The Relationship between Uric Acid Concentration and Some of Plasma Lipids in Patients with C. V. Disease in General Hospital of Al-Nasseriya

Cardiovascular disorders are refer to the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system. Cholesterol is classified as a sterol (a contraction of steroid and alcohol).Although cholesterol is essential for life; high levels in circulation are associated with atherosclerosis. Triglyceride (more properly known as triacylglycerol , TAG or triacylglyceride) is a glyceride in which the glycerol is esterified with three fatty acids. It is the main constituent of vegetable oil and animal fats.High-density lipoproteins (HDL) is one of the 5 major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL) which enable lipids like cholesterol and triglycerides to be transported in the blood stream. In healthy individuals, about thirty percent of blood cholesterol is carried by HDL. Uric acid (or urate) is non-protein nitrogen compound with the formula C5H4N4O3. This study aimed to determine the relation between uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol concentration in cardiovascular disorders patients. Serum sample were collected from 84 cardiovascular disorders patients attended to the general hospital of Alnasseriya. All samples were analyzed for uric acid , cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol concentration by enzymatic-colorimetric method kits. The data showed a highly significant increased in the serum concentration of uric acid , cholesterol and triglyceride in cardiovascular disorders patients compared with healthy control (P&lt;0.01) .In addition , there was no significant increased in the serum concentration of HDL-cholesterol in cardiovascular disorders patients compared with healthy control (P&gt;0.05) .The data of this study strengthen the possibility that high concentration of uric acid may act as a risk factor in cardiovascular disease.&#x0D; Key words: high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol),very low density lipoprotein(VLDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL),intermittent lipoprotein(IDL), hyperuricemia.

Dyslipidemia as a Potential Moderator of the Association between Hearing Loss and Depressive Symptoms.

Knowledge about moderation of the association between hearing loss and depression is scant. We investigated dyslipidemia as a potential moderator of the association between hearing/hearing loss and depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional study. General population-based cohort in France (SU.VI.MAX 2; 2007-2009). N= 4,307 adults (mean age = 61.5 ± 6.1 y; 59.6% women). A score ≥ 16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale defined presence of depressive symptoms. Mean hearing level for each ear was defined as the pure-tone average of the following thresholds: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz; the value for the better hearing ear was retained for analysis. Hearing loss was defined as inability to hear at thresholds ≥ 25 dB in both ears. A subjective measure of perceived hearing loss was also used. Serum triglyceride, total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were assessed in fasting blood samples and established cutoffs were used in multivariable logistic regression models. The interaction between hearing/hearing loss (independent variables) and each of the four lipid parameters was tested. Even though the interaction tests regarding LDL-, HDL- cholesterol, and triglyceride status were statistically significant, the subgroup analyses revealed few significant and somewhat unexpected findings. In fact, among individuals with low LDL-cholesterol, unlike their counterparts with high LDL-cholesterol, there was an inverse association between hearing level in the better hearing ear and depressive symptoms (OR= 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89-0.99). Regarding the subjective measure of hearing, a few of the dyslipidemia-moderated associations were statistically significant, albeit not all in the predicted direction. The findings provide some support for moderation of the association between hearing/hearing loss and depressive symptoms by dyslipidemia, with important lipid-specific and hearing measure-specific differences. The results could serve as impetus for future investigations in order to identify and target population subgroups with increased vulnerability to depression in the context of both sensory disability and aging.

Low serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations in mid-life predict late-life cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle diabetes study

In a study involving patients with type 2 diabetes assessed annually over 5years, serum HDL-cholesterol was the sole mid-life metabolic predictor of late-life cognitive impairment.

Current Metabolic Status Affects Urinary Liver-Type Fatty-Acid Binding Protein in Normoalbuminuric Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

BackgroundWe aimed to study the association between urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), a biomarker of tubulointerstitial injury, and the clinical characteristics of normoalbuminuric and albuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes in order to detect the factors affecting urinary L-FABP.MethodsUrinary L-FABP levels were measured in 788 patients with type 2 diabetes and again in 666 patients at 6 months after the initial measurement. The association between the urinary L-FABP level and the clinical parameters was investigated in a retrospective cross-sectional study and a subsequent observation.ResultsThe HbA1c (odds ratio (OR): 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11 - 1.79; P < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.05; P < 0.01) levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96 - 1.00; P = 0.01) were significantly associated with the high levels of urinary L-FABP (> 8.4 μg/gCr) in normoalbuminuric patients. However, a logistic regression analysis revealed that use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.16 - 4.89; P = 0.02), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00 - 1.01; P < 0.01) and serum HDL-cholesterol concentration (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11 - 0.89; P = 0.03) were significantly associated in albuminuric patients. In the follow-up observation, the change in urinary L-FABP was found to be significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by the change in the HbA1c level in both the normoalbuminuric and albuminuric patients.ConclusionsHigh urinary L-FABP is associated with part of the current metabolic abnormalities, including high levels of HbA1c and systolic blood pressure among normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes.

Hepatic aberrant glycosylation by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V accelerates HDL assembly.

Glycosylation is involved in various pathophysiological conditions. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. Recent findings indicate that aberrant N-glycan structure can modify lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. The study also included 96 patients who underwent medical health check-ups. Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. ApoAI and ABCA1 were also significantly elevated in GnT-V transfectants compared with mock-transfected cells. Moreover, ApoAI protein in the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants was significantly increased. Finally, we found a strong correlation between serum GnT-V activity and HDL-C concentration in human subjects. Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. These findings indicate that enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity accelerated HDL assembly and could be a novel mechanism for HDL synthesis.

Endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance – the components of development of cardiovascular complications patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background/aim The processes of progression of liver disease, including neoangiogenesis and fibrosis in the liver are closely related to the functional state of the endothelium. The defeat of the endothelium and insulin resistance can be a factor in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim was to assess the dynamics of the functional state of the endothelium, insulin resistance and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with NAFLD. Methods The study involved 78 NAFLD patients with normal, overweight and obese, and 54 patients without NAFLD. Conducted anthropometric survey measured levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), the degree of liver fibrosis using elastography (FibroScan). The stratification of cardiovascular risk was carried by traditional SCORE scale version for countries with high risk. We determined the level of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6), markers (CRP, fibrinogen), endothelin (ET-1), the activity of the Willebrand factor (vWF), the thickness of the intima-media complex, presence atherosclerotic plaque and stenosis of the carotid arteries, insulin resistance index HOMA-IR for all examined patients. Results Violation of lipoprotein metabolism were found in 51 patients. More often was recorded hypertriglyceridemia, slightly less (37 surveyed) was observed increased serum concentrations of total cholesterol>5.2mmol/L. In 22 patients, the concentration of LDL-cholesterol in serum was higher than 3.5mmol/L. Reduction of serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol were registered in 16 patients with NAFLD. Violation of carbohydrate metabolism detected in more than half of patients with NAFLD, including more than 20% of them with type 2 diabetes. At the comparing the functional activity of endothelium in patients with steatosis, NASH and cirrhosis was found a significant level of difference. Specifically, blood levels of nitrate and nitrite in blood serum in patients with steatosis was lower than the rate in the control group, respectively, in 1.82, in patients with NASH – in 1.95 times in patients with cirrhosis of the liver – in 2.04 times ( P P P Conclusions The studies indicate that the presence of endothelial dysfunction, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and relative insulin deficiency promote the development of cardiovascular disorders in patients NAFLD.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel hydro alcoholic extract ameliorates cardiovascular risk factors in obese women with dyslipidemia: A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled pilot study

IntroductionDyslipidemia is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that pomegranate and its polyphenols may have hypolipidemic effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pomegranate peel extract on some cardiovascular risk factors in patients with dyslipidemia. MethodsThirty eight obese women (30< body mass index (BMI) >35kg/m2) with dyslipidemia were allocated into two groups receiving two 500mg pomegranate peel extract (n=19) or placebo (n=19) daily for 8 weeks. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG)), Blood Pressure(BP), serum high sensitive-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and BMIwere measured. ResultsPomegranate peel extract significantly decreased post treatment levels of serum TC (p=0.014), LDL-C (p=0.021), and TG (p=0.036) and increased HDL-C (p=0.020)compared to baseline. There was a significant decrease in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) levels and hs-CRP in pomegranate peel group whereas Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) levels and BMI remained unchanged after intervention. No significant changes were seen in terms of all post treatment values for the placebo group at the end of trial (p>0.05). After adjusting for the baseline values, energy intake and weight changes, there were significant differences in post-treatment values between the two groups except in serum concentrations of HDL-C, DBP and BMI. ConclusionsCurrent study showed a positive effect of pomegranate peel extract in improving cardiovascular risk factors in obese women with dyslipidemia.

Analysis of Lipid Profile, Serum Albumin, and Uric Acid Level as Cardiovascular Risk factors Analysis in Renal Transplant Recipients

Successful kidney transplantation has been shown repeatedly to be associated with a reduction in mortality compared with dialysis. Studies suggest that this effect largely may be the result of the reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with the improvement in renal function. In a retrospective analysis of the United States Renal Data System data consisting of more than 60,000 adult primary kidney transplant recipients transplanted between 1995 to 2000 and more than 66,000 adult wait-listed. Aim of the study is to analyze the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the renal transplant recipients. All recipients were ABO compatible and cross-match negative and they are followed up regularly in nephrology transplant OPD. Recipients’ demographic factors like Age, Gender, Occupation, and Literacy were noted. Nature of donor, post transplant duration, graft function were noted .Fasting blood samples were drawn to determine serum creatinine, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol and Plasma Glucose concentrations, Hemoglobin, Serum albumin, Uric acid. Cardiovascular mortality is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease. Mortality from cardiovascular disease is10–20 times higher among individuals treated with dialysis, as compared to general population. The incidence of cardiovascular disease in kidney transplant patients is nearly twice that of the general population. Even young transplant recipients (aged 35–45 years) experienced an almost 10-fold increase in cardiovascular disease-related mortality.

HDL subpopulations containing apoA-I without apoA-II (LpA-I) in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease

BackgroundHigh density lipoproteins (HDL) can be divided into two metabolically distinct fractions, one containing apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I but not ApoA-II [apolipoprotein A-I; lipoprotein (Lp) A-I] and the other containing both ApoA-I and ApoA-II (LpA-I/A-II). LpA-I fraction which, seeming to be more cardioprotective than LpA-I/A-II particles, is itself heterogeneous. Preβ1-HDL is a minor subfraction of LpA-I and the initial acceptor of cellular cholesterol in the process of reverse cholesterol transport. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of the determination of LpA-I fractions as indicators for the atherosclerotic process. MethodsThe study included 112 patients with angiographically-documented coronary artery disease (CAD+) and 51 patients with negative results of coronary angiography (CAD−). We evaluated LpA-I concentration in serum in HDL2 and HDL3 fractions as well as Preβ1-HDL concentration. Furthermore, we analyzed the association of the assessed parameters with the extent and severity of CAD assessed by Gensini score. ResultsCAD+ patients were characterized by a lower concentration of serum LpA-I by 19%, LpA-I in HDL2 by 26%, higher level of Preβ1-HDL by 27%, and elevated Preβ1-HDL/LpA-I values by 62%. Univariate correlation analysis indicated that serum LpA-I and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were negatively correlated with Gensini score (R=−0.279; p=0.002, R=−0.227; p=0.016, respectively) whereas Preβ1-HDL/LpA-I values were positively correlated with the severity of CAD (R=0.529; p<0.001). In multiple linear regression, after adjusting for age, gender, preexisting hypertension, diabetes, and statin therapy, only the Preβ1-HDL/LpA-I values remained an independent determinant of atherosclerosis severity (β=−0.499; p<0.001). ConclusionsOur results show a lower level of LpA-I and higher concentration of Preβ1-HDL in the CAD+ patients compared to the CAD− group. We suggest that the distribution of LpA-I is different in CAD and the Preβ1-HDL/LpA-I ratio may have additional value in assessing anti-atherogenic potential of HDL particles and it is likely to become a clinically valuable indicator of atherosclerosis development.

Insulin Resistance in Relation to Lipids and Inflammation in Type-2 Diabetic Patients and Non-Diabetic People.

BackgroundWe demonstrated in experimental studies that hypercholesterolaemia enhances the proliferation of haematopoietic stem cells and the subsequent differentiation to neutrophils, whereas HDL-cholesterol inhibits these processes. To translate our experimental findings to clinical practice, we investigated in Chinese type-2 diabetic patients and in Flemish non-diabetic people the independent and joint associations of insulin resistance with markers of dyslipidaemia and inflammation, while looking for consistency between ethnicities and across the spectrum of insulin resistance.MethodsWe studied 798 Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes (53.6% women; mean age, 60.6 years) admitted to a tertiary referral centre and 1060 white Flemish (50.5%; 51.1 years) randomly recruited in Northern Belgium. Fasting insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was derived from C-peptide in Chinese and from insulin in Flemish using the Homeostasis Model of Assessment algorithm. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, HOMA-IR was regressed on triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and neutrophil count.ResultsIn Chinese patients, the percentage changes in HOMA-IR associated with triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and neutrophils (per 1-SD increment) amounted to 8.1 (95% confidence interval, 3.0 to 13.4; p = 0.0015), -8.7 (-13.0 to -4.2; p = 0.0002) and 5.6 (1.0 to 10.4; p = 0.017). In non-diabetic Flemish, the corresponding estimates were 11.7 (8.3 to 15.1; p<0.0001), -1.7 (-4.6 to 1.4; p = 0.28) and 3.3% (0.5 to 6.3; p = 0.022), respectively. None of the interaction terms between the three explanatory variables reached significance in Chinese or Flemish (p≥0.10).ConclusionsInsulin resistance increases with the serum level of triglycerides and the blood neutrophil count, but decreases with serum HDL-cholesterol concentration. These associations were consistent in Chinese type-2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic Flemish people and were independent from one another. The clinical implications are that future studies should focus on intervening with serum triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels or controlling inflammation as a way to prevent or treat insulin resistance.

Effects of Polyphenol, Measured by a Biomarker of Total Polyphenols in Urine, on Cardiovascular Risk Factors After a Long-Term Follow-Up in the PREDIMED Study.

Several epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, accuracy and reliability of these studies may be increased using urinary total polyphenol excretion (TPE) as a biomarker for total polyphenol intake. Our aim was to assess if antioxidant activity, measured by a Folin-Ciocalteu assay in urine, is correlated with an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure and serum glucose, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations) in an elderly population at high risk. A longitudinal study was performed with 573 participants (aged 67.3 ± 5.9) from the PREDIMED study (ISRCTN35739639). We used Folin-Ciocalteu method to determine TPE in urine samples, assisting with solid phase extraction. Participants were categorized into three groups according to changes in TPE. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess relationships between TPE and clinical cardiovascular risk factors, adjusting for potential confounders. After a 5-year follow-up, significant inverse correlations were observed between changes in TPE and plasma triglyceride concentration (β = −8.563; P = 0.007), glucose concentration (β = −4.164; P = 0.036), and diastolic blood pressure (β = −1.316; P = 0.013). Our results suggest that the consumption of more polyphenols, measured as TPE in urine, could exert a protective effect against some cardiovascular risk factors.

Cheese intake lowers plasma cholesterol concentrations without increasing bile acid excretion

PurposeCheese is a dairy product with high calcium content. It has been suggested that calcium intake may increase fecal excretion of bile acids that would cause a regeneration of bile acids from hepatic cholesterol and thereby result in a lowering of plasma cholesterol concentrations. We aimed to test this hypothesis by assessing bile acid and calcium concentrations in fecal samples from humans after intake of cheese and butter. MethodsThe study was a randomized, 2 × 6 weeks crossover, dietary intervention study including 23 men and women who replaced part of their habitual dietary fat intake with 13% energy from cheese or butter. ResultsAfter 6 weeks of intervention cheese resulted in higher amounts of calcium excreted in feces compared to butter. However, no difference was observed in fecal bile acid output despite lower serum total, LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations observed with cheese intake. ConclusionWe were not able to confirm the hypothesis that calcium from cheese increases the excretion of fecal bile acids. Therefore, the mechanisms responsible for the lowering of cholesterol concentrations with cheese compared to butter intake remains unresolved.

Визначення гіполіпідемічних, антиатерогенних і антигіпертензивних ефектів таблеток «гліфасонорм» і капсул «гліфасолін» на моделі стрептозотоцинового діабету у щурів

&lt;p&gt;РЕЗЮМЕ. Проведені дослідження дозволили визначити, що тривале застосування у лікуванні тварин з цукровим діабетом (ЦД) 2-го типу таблеток «Гліфасонорм» і капсул «Гліфасолін» сприяло зниженню концентрації у сироватці крові загального холестерину і проатерогенних ХС ЛПНЩ, нормалізації концентрації у сироватці крові ХС ЛПВЩ і показників систолічного і діастолічного артеріального тиску. Капсули «Гліфасолін» проявили більш виражений гіполіпідемічний, антиатерогенний і антигіпертензивний ефекти на моделі ЦД 2-го типу, ніж таблетки «Гліфасонорм» і метформін. Капсули «Гліфасолін» і таблетки «Гліфасонорм» на основі біофлавоноїдного комплексу з квасолі є перспективними у терапії ЦД 2-го типу на тлі ожиріння, так як впливають не тільки на показники вуглеводного, а й ліпідного обмінів.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: цукровий діабет 2-го типу, ліпідний обмін, артеріальний тиск, метформін, таблетки «Гліфасонорм», капсули «Гліфасолін».&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of dietary soy acid oil on growth performance, nutrient utilization and haemato-biochemical parameters in Ven cobb broiler chicken

Day-old Ven cobb broiler chicks (360) were randomly allocated to 6 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 15 chicks in each to see the effect of different levels of soy acid oil on growth performance, nutrient utilization and haemato-biochemical parameters of them. The starter (0-14 d), grower (14-28 d) and finisher (28-42 d) diets contained 23, 21.5 and 20% CP and 2,900, 3,025 and 3,100 kcal ME/kg, respectively. Group T1 was control, T2-T6 contained graded level (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3% of diet, respectively) of soy acid oil (SAO). Body weight and feed intake at 6 week were significantly higher in birds fed diet with 2.5 and 3% SAO. The FCR was significantly better in group T5. The level of SAO in the diet of broiler chickens did not influence the per cent metabolizability of dry matter, however the apparent metabolizable energy value was significantly higher in the birds fed diet with higher level of SAO. Incorporation of SAO did not influence the nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance. The inclusion of SAO at different levels did not significantly influence the haemoglobin and PCV values amongst the birds of different groups. The increase in the level of SAO resulted into non significant increase in the activity of ALP and SGPT and serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentration. It is concluded that soy acid oil can be incorporated in the diet of broiler chicken without affecting the performance.

Dietary effects of chitosan and buckwheat (&lt;i&gt;Fagopyrum esculentum&lt;/i&gt;) on the performance and serum lipid profile of broiler chicks

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) alone or in combination with chitosan, in broiler diets, on the growth, feed intake and serum lipid profile of broilers. Starting as 10-day olds, 144 Cobb 500 broiler chicks were fed six manually prepared diets containing 0%, 10%, 20% or 30% buckwheat, or 10% buckwheat supplemented with 250 mg chitosan or 500 mg chitosan/kg. The trial lasted 32 days. Buckwheat alone or in combination with chitosan had no effects on the growth and feed intake of the broilers. Until 15 days lipid profiles in blood sera did not change in birds fed buckwheat alone or buckwheat in combination with chitosan. However, at day 30 the inclusion of 10% - 30% buckwheat alone and 10% buckwheat with 250 mg chitosan/kg or with 500 mg chitosan/kg showed a significant increase in serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the serum compared with the control. This demonstrates for the first time that the feeding of higher levels of buckwheat (20% or more) alone or lower levels of buckwheat (10%) with trace amounts of chitosan influenced the lipid profiles of broilers positively. Because hazardous antibiotics are banned in poultry feed, including of buckwheat with trace amounts of chitosan in broiler diets might be a useful alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry.

Soya products and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Soya proteins and isoflavones have been reported to exert beneficial effects on the serum lipid profile. More recently, this claim is being challenged. The objective of this study was to comprehensively examine the effects of soya consumption on the lipid profile using published trials. A detailed literature search was conducted via MEDLINE (from 2004 through February 2014), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register) and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of soya on the lipid profile. The primary effect measure was the difference in means of the final measurements between the intervention and control groups. In all, thirty-five studies (fifty comparisons) were included in our analyses. Treatment duration ranged from 4 weeks to 1 year. Intake of soya products resulted in a significant reduction in serum LDL-cholesterol concentration, -4.83 (95% CI -7.34, -2.31) mg/dl, TAG, -4.92 (95% CI -7.79, -2.04) mg/dl, and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations, -5.33 (95% CI -8.35, -2.30) mg/dl. There was also a significant increase in serum HDL-cholesterol concentration, 1.40 (95% CI 0.58, 2.23) mg/dl. The I² statistic ranged from 92 to 99%, indicating significant heterogeneity. LDL reductions were more marked in hypercholesterolaemic patients, -7.47 (95% CI -11.79, -3.16) mg/dl, than in healthy subjects, -2.96 (95% CI -5.28, -0.65) mg/dl. LDL reduction was stronger when whole soya products (soya milk, soyabeans and nuts) were used as the test regimen, -11.06 (95% CI -15.74, -6.37) mg/dl, as opposed to when 'processed' soya extracts, -3.17 (95% CI -5.75, -0.58) mg/dl, were used. These data are consistent with the beneficial effects of soya proteins on serum LDL, HDL, TAG and TC concentrations. The effect was stronger in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Whole soya foods appeared to be more beneficial than soya supplementation, whereas isoflavone supplementation had no effects on the lipid profile.

Effects of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Status and Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women at Risk for Pre-Eclampsia

This study was designed to assess the beneficial effects of high-dose (cholecalciferol) vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed among 60 pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia according to abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveform. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive 50 000 IU vitamin D supplements (n=30) or receive placebo (n=30) every 2 weeks from 20 to 32 weeks of gestation. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline study and 12 weeks after the intervention to quantify relevant variables. Newborn's anthropometric measurements were determined. Pregnant women who received cholecalciferol supplements had significantly increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (+17.92±2.28 vs. +0.27±3.19 ng/ml, p<0.001) compared with the placebo. The administration of cholecalciferol supplements, compared with the placebo, resulted in significant differences in serum insulin concentrations (+1.08±6.80 vs. +9.57±10.32 μIU/ml, p<0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (+0.19±1.47 vs. +2.10±2.67, p<0.001), homeostatic model assessment-beta cell function (HOMA-B) (+5.82±29.58 vs. +39.81±38.00, p<0.001) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) score (-0.009±0.03 vs. -0.04±0.03, p=0.004). Furthermore, cholecalciferol-supplemented pregnant women had increased HDL-cholesterol concentrations (+2.67 ± 8.83 vs. -3.23±7.76 mg/dl, p=0.008) compared with the placebo. Finally, cholecalciferol supplementation led to a significant rise in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (+79.00±136.69 vs. -66.91±176.02 mmol/l, p=0.001) compared with the placebo. Totally, the administration of cholecalciferol supplements among pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia for 12 weeks had favorable effects on insulin metabolism parameters, serum HDL-cholesterol, and plasma TAC concentrations.

Abstract 18611: Increased Absorption and Decreased Synthesis of Cholesterol in Cardiac Sarcoidosis

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterised by the formation of granulomas in many tissues. Some reports suggest that the disease is associated with altered lipoprotein cholesterol profiles, but there is no deeper knowledge of cholesterol metabolism in these patients. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that cholesterol metabolism is abnormal in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Methods: The study population consisted of 39 patients with histologically verified CS (31 women and 8 men, mean age 53 years) and 124 healthy controls of similar age and gender. 31 of the CS patients were on immunosuppressive treatment. Serum lipids were determined and cholesterol metabolism was evaluated by measuring serum markers of cholesterol absorption (cholestanol, campesterol and sitosterol) and synthesis (desmosterol and lathosterol) as ratios to cholesterol with gas-liquid chromatography. Results: CS was inactive in all patients based on clinical evaluation, cardiac ultrasound, and stable levels of serum TnT and proBNP. Serum total, LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations (mean±SE) were 5.6±0.2, 3.3±0.1 and 1.5±0.1 mmol/l, respectively, and serum triglyceride averaged 1.7±0.7 mmol/l. These values did not differ from those of controls. Cholesterol absorption markers were higher in CS patients than in controls (eg. serum campesterol level 245±17 vs 190±17 10 2 μmol/mmol of cholesterol, p&lt;0.05). Cholesterol synthesis markers were lower in CS patients than in controls (eg. serum lathosterol level102±8 vs 195±17 10 2 μmol/mmol of cholesterol, p&lt;0.001). Concentrations of serum lipids and non-cholesterol sterols did not associate with the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis did not correlate with serum TnT levels, but there was a significant positive correlation between proBNP and cholesterol absorption markers (r=0.351, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that, in CS, cholesterol absorption is increased and its synthesis is decreased. The underlying mechanisms remain obscure and deserve further study. This is the first time that abnormal cholesterol metabolism has been described in CS.