Conative Components Research Articles

The language attitude of Islamic boarding school students toward English

Language attitude study has proven to reveal students’ success and failure in learning language. Attitude is not innate, but learned. Students learn to grow and improve their positive language attitudes towards foreign languages through certain programs at schools. The aim of this research is to investigate the language attitude of students in an Indonesian Islamic boarding school towards English as a foreign Language and to describe why they have the attitude. The respondents were 49 students of 2nd grade of senior high school classes from HAC (High-Achieving Class) and LAC (Low-Achieving Class). The design of this research was mixed method using explanatory sequential design. To obtain the data, the instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of cognitive, affective and conative components of language attitudes. Interview was carried out to acquire the reason the students had the attitudes. The finding was both HAC and LAC students’ language attitudes were mostly positive (91.83%) in cognitive, affective and conative language attitudes. Some (8.17%) had different language attitudes. They showed positive language attitudes, but acquired low scores and showed negative language attitudes, but acquired high scores. The interview revealed this phenomenon.

The Association Between the Attitude of Food‐Waste‐Aversion and BMI: An Exploration in India and the United States

This research proposes the existence of a hitherto undocumented attitude related to food wastage: the attitude of food‐waste‐aversion. We develop a 6‐item scale including affective, cognitive, and conative components to measure this attitude and empirically investigate its properties in two countries using novel datasets. We test for food‐waste‐aversion scale's convergent validity by demonstrating that it is correlated in the expected direction with five theoretically related constructs—frugality, social responsibility, spendthriftness, self‐control, and materialism (Studies 1a and 1b)—and with BMI (Studies 2 and 3). We provide more indirect evidence of the scale's convergent validity by documenting that the link between food‐waste‐aversion and BMI is attenuated among those who practice refrigerating leftovers (Study 3). We also document that the food‐waste‐aversion scale is distinct from general waste aversion and external meal‐cessation rules, thus providing evidence of discriminant validity (Studies 1a, 1b, and 1c). Taken together, these results provide construct validity for the novel construct of food‐waste‐aversion. We discuss the theoretical and substantive contributions of our findings.

An Evaluation of Toronto's Destination Image Through Tourist Generated Content on Twitter

This study aims at evaluating the cognitive, affective, and conative components of destination image from the perception of tourists on social media. The netnography technique is used for data analysis and interpretation. Through a textual content analysis approach, an interpretation of meaning of content produced from tweets by tourists is conducted. The findings show that destination attractions were the most commented on component of the cognitive component. Throughout the travelling process, tourists assessed the affective destination image. It was found that tourists' evaluation was of favourable emotions towards Toronto as a destination. The conative component was assessed before, during, and after visiting Toronto. Tourists provided insight into their behaviour online through personal updates and information sharing. The research outcomes provide scholars and practitioners with greater insight into the dimensions of destination image formed by user-generated content from tourists and their usefulness for information exchange in various settings.

Online partisan news and China’s country image: an experiment based on partisan motivated reasoning

ABSTRACTThis research used a 2 × 2 pretest-posttest experimental design to measure China’s image after participants’ exposure to news stimuli on a partisan news website. Two manipulated factors were media congruency (congruent or incongruent) and news coverage (positive or negative). No effect of news coverage was detected, but congruent media led to significantly higher scores in country beliefs than incongruent media. In addition, a significant boomerang effect was found between news coverage and media congruency: the same positive coverage, when embedded in the congruent partisan media, resulted in the biggest enhancement of country beliefs and desired interaction, but led to the largest setback for these two dimensions when embedded in the incongruent partisan media. The findings suggest that when processing news about China, partisans are partially motivated by directional goals in the cognitive and conative components of China’s country image, but stick to accuracy goals in the affective dimension.

Gender identity formation of female athletes which represents “male” sports

The article presents the results of a study of the gender identity of female athletes engaged in "male" sports. The components of gender identity, factors of its manifestation in the categories of femininity and masculinity are shown. It is pointed out that gender identity acts as a coherence of consciousness and the behavior of a person as a representative of a certain sex, the connection of cognitive and conative components of personality identity. The gender role requirement is the guideline for this coordination. There are three components to gender identity: structural, dynamic and functional. Gender identity is also presented as a fundamental structure of social identity, which characterizes a person in terms of membership in a masculine or feminine group, the most significant being the way in which a person defines himself. The analysis of the influence of sports activities on the formation of the gender identity of women athletes, representatives of various types of sports is done. Experimental data show that athletes strive to see the feminine qualities in themselves and to understand the presence of dominant masculine features, qualities and role models that develop sporting activities. The results showed that the great majority of female athletes strive to achieve a balance between masculine and feminine features, as shown by the highest percentage of androgyny. In general, the results of the study show that the following concepts prevail in the perceptions of female athletes: "I am ideal" and "Typical male athlete". The lowest number of selections for the article "Typical female athlete". The results of the study showed that the majority of female athletes (28%) had a diffuse personal identity. This is the status of identity, in which there are no strong goals, values and beliefs and attempts to actively form them. In the sample, the vast majority (54%) of athletes also has a diffuse type of gender identity, that is to say, that these athletes have not yet formed their image of a woman or are not paying much attention to it. The lack of gender identity in the vast majority of respondents confirmed the importance of the influence of sports activities in power sports on the development of athletes' gender identity.

The image of Brazil: a quantitative study from the prespective of latin american consumers

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the dimensions that make up the image of Brazil, specifically in Latin America.Method: A quantitative exploratory research has been carried out through a survey with a sample of 1617 respondents of Mexican, Argentinean, Ecuadorian and Bolivian nationality. Data analysis has been performed using structural equation modeling using SmartPLS 2.0 M3 software.Originality/Relevance: The originality of this study is to evaluate the perception of Latin American for the image of Brazil since studies of this type have not yet performed. Thus, the research contributes with an interdisciplinary study whose scale and similar studies can use methodology.Results: The results of the study confirmed that the Brazilian image could be analyzed by a combination of the cognitive, affective and conative components. Since cognitive was the most strongly identified component, based principally on beliefs related to politics, people in the country, socio-environmental aspects, economy, innovation and culture in Brazil.Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: The methodology of data analysis used reinforces how much the Modeling by Structural Equations can contribute to the development of the theory related to the image of a country. As for the theoretical advance, it was possible to observe the importance of studies on the subject.Social/Management contributions: The main contribution of this study is the possibility of companies using these results in the direction of efforts in marketing campaigns and image of products for the external or internal market.

Measuring ambush-marketing and sponsorship effects: a football consumer response approach

ABSTRACT This research used structural equation modelling to examine the impacts of sponsorship and ambush marketing on the consumer reactions of 368 fans with respect to an event, a team and a player involved in the FIFA World Cup. The results revealed: (a) significant relationships between the sponsor and its sponsees (the event, a team and a player), and between the ambusher and the sponsees at the cognitive and/or affective levels; and (b) significant relationships between the cognitive, affective and conative components for both the sponsor and ambusher, supporting the hierarchy of advertising effects model. In modelling the complexity of the relationships among the multiplicity of stakeholders, our results showed that although some partnerships may benefit the sponsor, the cognitions and affects directed towards the event actually prove more profitable for the ambusher. The multiple brands involved should be considered simultaneously in order to optimise the strategies established and to reduce the discrepancy observed between scientific research and the reality on the ground.

Transport Safety Culture

Interrelationships within control and management mechanisms, including transport safety management, of the transport system are evaluated based on the function-oriented approach to its decomposition. Hierarchical system’s levels, strategic development objectives, societal, information, and environmental aspects are analyzed within safety context. Classification of threats to transport system and its subsystems (objects) is suggested. The authors place special emphasis on safety culture as on a social motivation pattern, designed to develop a proactive attitude to emerging threats and risks during transportation of passengers and cargo. They differentiate emotional, cognitive, and behavioural (conative) components of safety culture and suggest their brief description regarding transportation sector. The suggested framework of proactive culture makes it possible to model hierarchical systemic interconnection of its various components, providing for transport safety coupled with overall development of transport and transportation.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE OF THE CITY OF SARAJEVO

The image of Sarajevo is still quite unexplored. The image of the city of Sarajevo has long been disturbed due to war events, but also because of the unstable political situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The purpose of the paper is to explore the cognitive, affective, and conative components of the image of the city of Sarajevo. The goal is to discover how the cognitive, affective, and conative component influences the overall image of the city of Sarajevo. The paper used a quantitative approach to research, which included data collection through surveys. This study used a convenience sample of 250 foreign tourists – tourists who visited Sarajevo during the winter (from December 10, 2018, to January 31, 2019). For data analysis, descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used. The results of the research have shown that the cognitive, affective, and conative components of the image have a statistically significant positive influence on the overall image of the city of Sarajevo.

EFL Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Oral Corrective Feedback: A Case Study

This paper reports a qualitative case study of college-level English as a foreign language teachers’ attitudes towards oral corrective feedback. Our goal is to characterize such attitudes considering a model which integrates cognitive, affective and conative components as well as different aspects of oral corrective feedback. Six English instructors working in English language teaching at a university in southern Mexico were interviewed. Directed qualitative content analysis shows that (1) participants prefer implicit corrective feedback strategies, and (2) considerations of students’ feelings guide their overall attitudes toward corrective feedback. The participants seem unaware of most corrective feedback strategies and consideration of students’ cognition is absent in the composition of their corrective feedback attitudes. This finding suggests a need for more theory-based corrective feedback training and practice.

No-Selves and Persons

No-Selves and Persons Monima Chadha (bio) Attention, Not Self. By Jonardon Ganeri. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. No-Selves and Persons Jonardon Ganeri has written an impressive book that is a must-read for anyone interested in cross-cultural philosophy. Attention, Not Self moves Buddhist philosophy further into the center of contemporary philosophical debates about self, personhood, agency, action, perception, attention, and the kinds of mental content. The book is focused on work attributed to a single philosopher, the fifth-century Theravāda monk Buddhaghosa. However, this book is much more than an exegesis of Buddhaghosa's work. It is, in its own right, an original exploration of foundational issues in the philosophy of mind, consciousness, personhood, and self. Ganeri's aim is to think about long-standing problems in a fresh, new light, and this aim is admirably fulfilled in his book. Those hoping to learn about the rich historical material in the Pāli Buddhist Abhidhamma tradition will not be disappointed—nor, more importantly, will those looking for new insights into the wide-ranging philosophical issues under discussion. In the space of a review, I cannot do justice to its wealth of material, thematically organized into five sections. One important accomplishment of this book is the rich detail it offers in every chapter and in every theme that it covers, but this also makes it hard, and almost impossible, to offer a summary overview. So, rather than attempting an overview, I will focus on one issue that is central to the book: a philosophically adequate theory of persons in the absence of selves. There is no doubt that the issue is important for Buddhist philosophy, but its significance goes beyond that. The popularity of no-self views in contemporary philosophy, inspired by Derek Parfit, together with recent developments in the cognitive sciences makes this is a pressing issue that demands attention from contemporary philosophers. Ganeri's discussion in Section V on "Attention and Identity" offers a refreshingly original and ground-breaking account of persons that all no-self theorists must consider seriously, and the adequacy of which must be evaluated. I will explain and evaluate Ganeri's Buddhaghosa-inspired theory of persons. But before that I must draw attention to the main claim and some important contributions of the book. [End Page 1120] The main claim of the book is that attention does the work traditionally attributed to the self. Attention replaces self (as the agent) in the explanation of perceptual experience, thought, action, and personal identity. The role of attention in personhood will be the focus of this review. One important contribution of this book is that it offers a new reading of the Buddhist idea that a human being is nothing over and above an aggregate of nāma-rūpa (naively translated as mental and physical states or factors). Ganeri renders nāma-rūpa as "minded body" (p. 18). This is a novel interpretation that provides a sophisticated, nuanced way of thinking about Buddhist theory of mind, consciousness, and persons and that does not run into objections faced by the naive interpretation. Another major contribution of the book is that it presents a way to transform the rich theoretical vocabulary in the Pāli commentarial tradition for concepts of mind, consciousness, and conscious states into an empirically informed philosophy of mind. This inter-theoretical translation of the central notions of mind and consciousness in the Pāli Buddhist literature into concepts familiar to those versed in contemporary discussions of consciousness in analytic philosophy and phenomenology is worth emphasizing because it lays important groundwork for a cross-cultural conception of philosophy of mind. It should help put to rest skeptical concerns about the incommensurability and untranslatability of concepts across cultures. In chapters 2 and 3 Ganeri masterfully works through the Pāli Buddhist jargon to propose carefully considered equivalents for concepts of mind, sensory contact, various kinds of attention, intention, phenomenal feel, cognitive and conative components of consciousness, et cetera. This provides the context for subsequent discussions in the book. I recommend these chapters as essential reading for anyone keen on exploring the original Pāli canon. Ganeri's detailed analysis of the components...

Professionalisation of thinking and psychological-pedagogic training of pedagogues for working with personal results of pupils using workshop facilities

The applicability of the article is determined by increasing demands to the level of readiness of the educators for providing proper conditions for formation all the educational results of pupils. The experience of applying workshop as a special format of working in the system of continuous professional training, that is oriented to professionalisation of pedagogues’ thinking, has been presented for the first time. The analysis of performance outcomes of the workshop, oriented towards identification of problem situations in the pedagogic and psychological support of the process of formation of pupils’ personal results, has been done. The efficiency of work with teachers by means of proposed technology which ensures significant change in the level of cognitive, operational and conative components of their willingness for operating with the whole range of the pupils’ educational results has been proved. The work experience represented in the article allows appraising the format of workshop as challenging form of work with the parties of educational process.

Indonesian Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour of Green Innovative Product

This study aims to determine the reasons why Indonesian consumers buy innovative green products (Pertalite RON 90) using CAB attitude theory. This theory assumes that individual behavior (such as the decision to buy) is closely related to how they evaluate decisions of the cognitive, affective and conative aspects. This study was designed to be quantitative. The causal relationship between variables will be examined through questionnaires to be distributed to consumers of Indonesian motor vehicles using gasoline. The findings are expected to provide insight into whether ABC's theory of attitude, popular theory in consumer behavior literature is useful and applicable in explaining why consumers, especially Indonesian petrol consumers buy innovative green products (represented by Pertalite RON 90). From these findings, researchers and practitioners will be able to understand the importance of the cognitive, affective and conative components of the theory of consumer behavior and apply it accordingly. This study is important for the progress of CAB behavior theory through tripartite attitude structure model which consists of attitude stimulus through stimulus used to measure each component of cognitive, affective and conative behavior. The proposed model is intended to identify key concepts that shape attitudes that are useful for predicting outcomes to make accurate predictions using component attitude concepts: Cognitive, Influencing, and Conative (CAB), following tripartite behavioral models (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2004, Solomon, 2002; Breckler, 1984; Rosenberg and Hovland, 1960; Boulding, 1956).

Гендерные особенности восприятия образа «я» студентами

The paper analyzes the gender peculiarities of the perception of the body and appearance by university students. The study identifies and describes the cognitive, affective and conative components of the physical self-concept. By comparing male attitudes with female ones to his/her body and appearance, the author concludes that they differ in shaping their appearance, the perception of their physique, the expressiveness of their behavior. Based on the interview results, the research reveals the strategies for transforming the respondents’ appearance. Unrealistic and pharmacological strategies refer to the passive strategy of changing one’s body; natural and style strategies are regarded as an active one. The propensity of males and females for one or another strategy is analyzed. The differences in choosing the active strategies (natural and style) by boys and girls are revealed.

МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ МОДЕЛИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПАТРИОТИЧЕСКИХ ЧУВСТВ У ПОДРОСТКОВ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ НАРОДНОГО ТВОРЧЕСТВА

The methodological foundations of formation patriotic feelings among adolescents through folk art are revealed. The analysis of the possibility of using a model approach in pedagogical practices in the development of the model of formation of patriotic feelings among adolescents. On the basis of the algorithm offered by the author the theoretical bases of modeling of process of formation of social education of patriotic feelings among teenagers by means of folk art in the conditions of institutions of additional education are offered. A detailed description of the components of the proposed model: subjective, methodological, content-organizational and evaluation components. On the basis of systematization of the data the cognitive features of adolescents, taking into account the psychological characteristics of adolescence, which will be taken as a basis in the description of adolescents as a subjective component of the model of social education. Particular attention is paid to the need to use the methodological component of the model, which includes consideration of external influences on the educational process and the innovative nature of the formation of patriotic feelings among adolescents. As the main way of education of patriotic feelings at teenagers the author offers use of project approach by creation of the environment of project activity. We describe such integral components of the model as cognitive, motivational-value, emotional, and conative components, as well as forms and methods of social education of patriotic feelings among adolescents by means of folk art. In conclusion, emphasized the importance of assessing the level of formation of patriotic consciousness. As a result of the model implementation, the author sees the solution of a number of problems in the formation of patriotic feelings among adolescents through folk art.

Evaluation of the image of a coastal tourism destination in Brazil

Purpose In order to offer a theoretical and empirical contribution to the theme, the purpose of this paper is to assess the tourist image of the destination Balneário Camboriú, Santa Catarina, Brazil, from the tourists’ perspective. The authors specify the latent dimensions involved in the formation of the cognitive, affective, and conative image of coastal tourism destination, through which the authors can analyze and measure the construct. Design/methodology/approach The research is exploratory, descriptive, and predominantly quantitative. It uses non-probability convenience sampling, consisting of a sample of 425 tourists. Data collection were conducted in the studied destination during the summer season – 2015/2016. Findings Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the authors identified and tested the factors that comprise the image. Structural equation model evaluated the relationship that theoretically exists between the components of the image and the weight of the various components (cognitive, affective, and conative) on the overall image of the destination. Originality/value This research contributes theoretically and empirically to the discussions on the components of the destination image, in as much as it analyzes and interprets the cognitive, affective, and conative components of the image of the tourism destination Balneário Camboriú, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

The peculiarities of adaptive potential ofwives of injured servicemen

The research is devoted to the actual problem of social and psychological adaptation of the wives whose husbands were injured in combatant operations. This problem isn't deeply highlighted in the scientific literature. The article represents the results of empirical study of the peculiarities of the adaptive potential of women whose husbands were injured in war activities. The methodological basis is the systematic approach to the interpretation of the concept of "adaptation of the person" and the conceptual position on the interdependence of the adaptive potential of a person. Criterias for research are cognitive, affective and conative components of social and psychological adaptation of women. As a result of the analysis revealed: the problem situation is characterized by actualization in women's minds of family difficulties, causes changes in family identity, increases stress resistance; Adaptation is carried out according to the deviant type (non-conformist), which predetermines the frustration of the need for self-actualization, causes psychophysiological exhaustion; The factors that cause a deterioration of the well-being of women is the cognitive dissonance in the system "I – the others", the divergence of value orientations of the individual and society. The basic set of adaptive mechanisms is determined empirically. The basic directions of psychological support of families of injured servicemen are determined.

Public opinion - regular nature of the formation

At the present stage of political life public opinion endures the increase of its role and significance thus determining the relevance of social and philosophical analysis of the public opinion phenomenon. This article aims to represent more profoundly the process of public opinion formation, and to substantiate its regular character. Theoretical knowledge of ontological foundation of the phenomenon under consideration requires the reliance on laws of the dialectic: unity and struggle of opposites (while creating public opinion social subjects together denote a unity in relation to the subject of dispute, and at the same time they are in conflict regarding its evaluation), transition from quantitative to qualitative changes (as public opinion changes and acquires new qualities at each stage of formation), negation of the negation (although public opinion endures typical formative stages, it nevertheless retains the holistic nature). Due to the analysis of public opinion definitions made by well-known representatives of internationl and national science (F. Allport, Ye.Noel-Neumann, O.Uledova, V.Shatun etc.) it was determined that the phenomenon of public opinion has subject-object nature, its formal trait is social activity and information and emotional interaction. It was established that public opinion is formed in accordance with the facts of human life, under conditions when human needs and interests are implemented due to the influence of the environment, public relations, and other realities of social life. However, the essential role in this process also belongs to the fundamental understanding and background assumptions, standards, ideas and values created by public conscience. So it is proved that the formation of public opinion is possible due to the interaction of two major components - a social being and social consciousness. It is the interaction of rational, emotional and conative components of social subjects and objects of public opinion. The relationship of social consciousness and social life is stable, objective, substantial, internal, necessary and repetitive, and, therefore, it appears as the main pattern of public opinion formation.

Measuring Cognitive Job Satisfaction - Job Attributes to be Included : A Literature Review

Job satisfaction is one of the most widely studied job attitudes due to its influence on organizational performance. Like any attitude, it can be seen as a tripartite construct with cognitive, affective, and conative components. Though conative components have been clearly delineated in studies, it cannot be said so about the cognitive and affective components. Researchers have measured job satisfaction levels that have included the cognitive and affective components, often mixing up the two. This paper delineated the cognitive and affective components and considered cognitive job satisfaction to be an objective assessment of the various job attributes. Affective job satisfaction, on the other hand, is considered as an overall assessment of liking towards one's job. The paper reviewed available literature to prepare an exhaustive set of job attributes to be included while studying cognitive job satisfaction. It also proposed three different approaches to decide on which job attributes are to be included while studying cognitive job satisfaction of a particular group of employees.

GAMBARAN SIKAP REMAJA AWAL TERHADAP IKLAN ANTI ROKOK

ABSTRACT Development of the cigarette industry in Indonesia in recent years has increased. According in data from the World Institute for Health Care (WHO), the member of smokers in Indonesia is ranked third in the world, while for the ASEAN region, Indonesia tops the list, The death rate from smoking in Indonesia reaches 427.948 people annually, most of them are of productive age. The purpose of this study was to determine Preview Early Adolescent Attitudes toward Anti Smoking Advertising. The research was conducted by quantitative descriptive methode. Study was conducted on 56 people arl teens, who sit in second grade junior high school. Engineering samples used was quota sampling. Prior to data analysis, first testing the validity and reliability of research instrument with SPSS. The result showed that of three components of attitudes toward advertising, the affective component, cognitive component, and conative components, describing all aspects of early adolescent attitudes toward antismoking ads. 
 Keywords: Early Adolescent, Anti Smoking Advertisment