Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite Research Articles

Compact Multi-Layered Symmetric Metamaterial Design Structure for Microwave Frequency Applications.

Metamaterial analysis for microwave frequencies is a common practice. However, adopting a multi-layered design is unique in the concept of miniaturisation, thus requiring extensive research for optimal performance. This study focuses on a multi-layered symmetric metamaterial design for C- and X-band applications. All simulation analyses were performed analytically using Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite 2019. The performances of the proposed metamaterial design were analysed through several parametric studies. Based on the observation, the proposed metamaterial unit cell design manifested resonant frequencies at 7.63 GHz (C-band) and 9.56 GHz (X-band). Moreover, the analysis of effective medium parameters was also included in this study. High-Frequency Simulation 15.0 and Advanced Design System 2020 software validated the transmission coefficient results. Simultaneously, the proposed multi-layered metamaterial design with Rogers RO3006 substrate material exhibited a unique transmission coefficient using double, triple, and quadruple layers. The two resonant frequencies in the unit cell design were successfully increased to three in the double-layer structure at 6.34 GHz (C-band), 8.46 and 11.13 GHz (X-band). The proposed unit cell design was arranged in an array structure to analyse the performance changes in the transmission coefficient. Overall, the proposed metamaterial design accomplished the miniaturisation concept by arranging unit cells in a multi-layer structure and possesses unique properties such as a highly effective medium ratio and left-handed characteristics.

Probing the kinetics of chemical reactions in ultra-small droplet samples using digital microfluidic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

In this study, we present a digital microfluidic (DMF) system that connects analyte droplets with planar microcoils in a high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer for in situ photoreaction analysis. Transparent indium tin oxide glass was employed in fabricating the DMF electrode chips. NMR spectroscopy was utilized for its superior sensitivity and ability to detect small changes in molecular structure, making it highly advantageous for chemical analysis. Utilizing Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite, we designed a plane annular microstrip coil that accurately matches droplet shape to optimize detection sensitivity and increase filling factor. An advanced DMF control circuit remotely manages droplet samples and facilitates precise mixing for in situ reaction analysis. Our results demonstrate improved sensitivity in the in situ experimental analysis, such as the aldehyde amine reaction (sodium benzaldehyde-2-sulfonate solution and aniline solution) and photopolymerization reaction (polyethylene glycol ester). The integration of DMF and NMR technologies provides a promising approach for increasing efficiency and accuracy in chemical analysis.

Designing Graphene-Based Antenna for Terahertz Wave Ablation (TWA) System

Cancer is one of the most feared health problems today. Studies on cancer diagnosis and treatment are carried out intensively. In this study, a graphene-based antenna is proposed for cancer diagnosis and treatment with THz radiation therapy, which is a relatively new radiation technique. A graphene-based two-layer monopole antenna is designed for 1.65THz operation frequency. To change the bandwidth and radiation pattern without changing the operating frequency, a graphene ring is placed on the SiO2 substrate (2nd layer).Antenna performance is analyzed for reflection coefficient, realized gain, E-Field. The proposed antenna is obtained approximately %4 bandwidth. A peak gain of 8.52 dB is achieved at 1.65THz within the bandwidth. Antenna design is done in Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite. It is expected that the results of the THz antenna will make a significant contribution to healthcare applications. The cancer treatment with THz is cheap, easy, and can be used without causing discomfort in patients.

Development of Double C-Shaped Left-Handed Metamaterial for Dual-Band Wi-Fi and Satellite Communication Application with High Effective Medium Radio and Wide Bandwidth

The development and improvement of the dual-band 802.11ac standard Wi-Fi and wide bandwidth satellite communication devices are currently research subjects that have garnered significant interest. In this paper, double C-shaped two split-ring resonator (SRR) bounded unit cells were developed, which are applicable for S, C, and X band applications, including dual-band Wi-Fi communication devices and satellite communication applications for its effective medium ratio (EMR) of 15.6, which results in a 2.4 GHz resonance frequency and wide bandwidth (S21 < −10 dB) of 1650 MHz at an 11.5 GHz resonance frequency. A copper resonator and the popular substrate material Rogers RT 5880 (thickness of 1.575 mm) were adopted for analyzing the characteristics of this unit cell. The 8×8 mm2 structure was designed and simulated using a commercially available electromagnetic simulator CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Studio Suite 2019, which was utilized at four resonance frequencies: 2.4 GHz, 5.6 GHz, 8.93 GHz, and 11.5 GHz. The electric field, magnetic field, and surface current distribution were examined by modifying the metamaterial unit cell design structure, showing effective results. To confirm the CST simulation results, the newly designed double C-shaped double-negative metamaterial (DNG) was also simulated with the Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and compared with the extracted results. The suggested metamaterial is advised for usage in Wi-Fi and satellite communication applications for superior long-distance communication performance and efficiency with the compactness of the structure.

Comparison of FR4 and Roger substrates in multiband two-slot rectangular patch antenna for 5G applications

This study discusses the design, optimization, and simulation of a multiband microstrip patch antenna. The patch antenna is popular because of its compact form, which allows it to be smaller and lighter than other existing devices. The microstrip patch antenna is designed in a variety of designs, optimized, and simulated, with the two slot rectangular patch antenna being chosen due to its excellent performance. The proposed two-slot rectangular patch antenna's behaviour is further improved by using two different substrate materials. Because of their ease of manufacture, the FR4 and Roger substrates were used. The suggested antenna is capable of operating in three frequency bands ranging from 10 to 40 GHz. A partial ground plane approach is used to increase the antenna's return loss and bandwidth. CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Studio Suite was used to investigate the antenna parameter. The antenna operates at 10, 28, and 38 GHz, which are the selected frequencies for 5 G mobile communications by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

Orthogonal mode dual band MIMO antenna system for 5G smartphone applications using characteristic mode analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a miniaturized antenna design for a mobile phone. The second design is 2 × 4 elements multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with 8 port having a substrate size is 20 × 40 mm2 which fits easier within smartphone handset devices for fifth generation technology.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, the first design is a conventional patch antenna, and its dual-band characteristics are obtained by characteristic mode analysis. In this method, orthogonal modes are carried out for 28 GHz and 38 GHz, and further, both orthogonal modes are excited by finite integration technique full-wave method with 50 Ohm single port coaxial feed line.FindingsIn this configuration, better return loss, high gain, larger bandwidths and low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) are evaluated by the full-wave simulation computer simulation technology (CST) studio suite.Originality/valueIn this arrangement, the performance metrics of the antenna are analyzed using electromagnetic simulator CST Studio suite.

Four-Stage Linear Transformer Driver With Sharing Shell: EM Model, Simulation, and Performance

A four-stage fast linear transformer driver (LTD) with sharing shell was constructed as a fundamental component of China’s next-generation Z-pinch driver CZ34. Separate metal rods replaced conventional independent cavity shells for the ease of installation and maintenance. SF6 was utilized for the first time as insulating medium instead of transformer oil. To investigate the electrical performance of the LTD module, a 3-D full-scale electromagnetic model was developed by field-circuit co-simulation method in Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite. Fundamental discharging brick was modeled as a conductive current path in 3-D model, excitation was employed through exterior circuits coupled to the field model. The applicability of the simulation model was validated by primary experiments. Compared to circuit simulation, the field-circuit co-simulation modeled the impedances of transmission lines and load impedance accurately since specific structures were included. Annular liquid resistor in experiment configurations brought in extra load inductance, which influenced greatly on output voltage fluctuations in each stage due to the mismatch of load impedance. Simulation results were in good agreement with experiments, except that the switch performances were not entirely up to expectations. It was indicated that several switches showed notable delays according to calculations, leading to voltage and current loss in measurements.

Thermal response of skin diseased tissue treated by plasmonic nanoantenna

The thermal distribution in the diseased tissue treated by different methods faces the problem of an uncontrollable defused heat. In the present article, we use a plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna working in the near infrared region to enhance the temperature confinement in the tissue. The Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite package version 2019 was used to execute the design of both plasmonic nanoantenna and the tissue. Gold nanostructure and silicon carbide dioxide are the components the plasmonic nanoantenna in the bowtie shape. The results showed that the distance between the tumor tissue and the antenna is important to determine the intensity field where the maximum field is 5.9*107 V/m at a distance of 100 nm. The maximum specific absorption rate is 1.92*1011 W/kg at a similar distance which gives a higher temperature in the tissue of 580 Co. It is concluded that from the obtained results that the near infrared (1064 nm) resonance wavelength is recommended in the treatment of cancer cell by plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna because higher intensity field is generated. The closer distance to the nanoantenna gives higher temperature in the tissue while the temperature gradually decreases in the tissue till 400 nm where no valuable temperature was detected.

A quad‐band Sierpenski based fractal antenna fed by co‐planar waveguide

AbstractIn this article, A Sierpenski based octagonal carpet fractal antenna is introduced for quad‐band applications. The proposed antenna developed with FR‐4 substrate material with relative permittivity of 4.4, thickness chosen is 1.6 mm and co‐planar waveguide feed is used in this design. The antenna is designed, simulated with computer simulation technology studio suite, printed and tested. The measurement results of proposed antenna resonates at 2.4, 4.45, 9.1, 10.24, 12.46 GHz and are well suited for C‐band(2.4 GHz), L‐band (4.45 GHz), X‐band (9.1 GHz, 10.24 GHz), Ku‐band (12.46 GHz) applications. Good agreement between the results of simulation and measurement is observed with applications.

Millimeter Waves Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Networks

5G (Fifth Generation) is the next generation of data network, offering faster speeds and reliable connections on smart phones and other devices than ever before. These networks are still under development and expected to operate on 28 and 38 GHz bands. However, multiple antennas required for these 5G devices will increase the overall system size. Single antenna which can switch to operate on multiple bands is the solution to this problem. A novel frequency reconfigurable antenna for 5G communication networks is presented in this paper. The antenna was designed on a Roger R5880 substrate having dielectric constant 2.2 and loss tangent 0.0009. The proposed antenna consists of simple radiator on top layer and two slots in the ground layer. The frequency re-configurability is achieved by placing three PIN diodes in each slot of the ground. The operating frequency band of antenna is controlled by switching states of PIN diodes. The proposed antenna covers a wide band from 25.6-39.3 GHz by simply switching the diodes ON/OFF. Thus it can cover 28 and 38 GHz bands that are anticipated to be the two working bands for 5G communication. The overall size of the antenna is 10x7 mm2. In addition to being small this antenna has a good gain ranging from 6.5-8.4 dB as well as 85% efficiency in the two 5G bands. All simulations have been done in CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Studio Suite. This reconfigurable antenna can find applications in future 5G communication networks.

Simulation of the beam extraction from the triode system in small sealed tagged neutron tube

The characteristics of ion beam extraction were investigated with the CST (Computer Simulation Technology) studio suite in order to focus the beam to a spot as small as possible. The simulation process can provide a good study for optimizing the extraction and focusing system of the small sealed tagged neutron tube. The spot and the area distribution of the deuterium ion beam were affected in a three cylinder lens system by some parameters such as the distance of between three electrodes, the voltage of extraction, the voltage of acceleration, the extraction chamfer angle, the electromagnetic field of the ion source. The results showed that the electrodes position, voltage magnitude, extraction chamfer angle, plasma density and magnetic field produced by permanent magnetic ring can effectively focus on the extraction beam. The the spot size in the target can be reduced to 1mm radius which is the best parameter for tagged neutron tube. The applied parameters in all simulations are determined based on the required features of NT50 neutron tube developed in Northeast Normal University. Also, permanent magnet and electrostatic shroud can effectively suppress secondary electrons, and the suppression effect of the electrostatic shroud is better.

Novel high‐frequency‐based diagnostic approach for main contact assessment of high‐voltage circuit breakers

Maintenance and repair of circuit breakers (CBs) due to their protective role in the power systems is the centre of attention and assessing their condition is tremendously important. The interruption chamber of the CBs including main contacts is highly subjected to erosion over time due to friction, and excessive heat produced by an arc during the interruption of the currents. This study presents a new high-frequency (HF) non-intrusive diagnostic technique for the deterioration of contacts used in high-voltage CBs. The most striking result to emerge from the investigations is that the resonance frequency highly relies on the condition of contacts. The proposed approach is implemented in Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite software and compared with the measured data obtained through the static resistance measurement. In addition, a HF model based on the transmission line theory has been developed for the interruption chamber of CBs. The comparison of the obtained results via a novel HF-based approach with the experimental data validates the feasibility and accuracy of this approach in analysing the ablation of contacts used in the interruption chamber of CBs.

Double bow-tie FSS for X-band and K$_{{u}}$-band operations with its parametric analyses

This paper demonstrates double bow-tie frequency selective surface (FSS) geometry for X-band applications with a bandwidth value of 1.82 GHz and K$_u$-band applications with a bandwidth value of 3.44 GHz. Throughout this study, parametric analyses of the proposed structure are also performed. Alterations in the reflection and transmission characteristics of this specially designed structure by virtue of defined variables are analyzed. Those variables are determined by considering the geometric and material properties of the proposed structure. To analyze the reflection and transmission coefficients, two different simulators, namely the High Frequency Structure Simulator (ANSYS HFSS), which is based on the finite element method (FEM), and the Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite (CST Studio Suite), which is based on the finite integration method (FIM), are used. The structure is validated via those two solvers. Good agreement is obtained by both solvers, and the results are compared in terms of frequency, return loss, insertion loss, and fractional bandwidth.