Computer-aided Software Engineering Research Articles

Comparison of Bulk Polymeric Resin Composite and Hybrid Glass Ionomer Cement in Adhesive Class I Dental Restorations: A 3D Finite Element Analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the mechanical behavior of resin composites and hybrid glass ionomer cement in class I adhesive dental restorations under loading and shrinkage conditions. Three CAD models of a mandibular first molar with class I cavities were created and restored with different techniques: a bi-layer of Equia Forte HT with Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative composite (model A), a single layer of adhesive and Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative (model B), and a single layer of Equia forte HT (model C). Each model was exported to computer-aided engineering software, and 3D finite element models were created. Models A and B exhibited a similar pattern of stress distribution along the enamel-restoration interface, with stress peaks of 12.5 MPa and 14 MPa observed in the enamel tissue. The sound tooth, B, and C models showed a similar trend along the interface between dentine and restoration. A stress peak of about 0.5 MPa was detected in the enamel of both the sound tooth and B models. Model C showed a reduced stress peak of about 1.2 MPa. A significant stress reduction in 4 mm deep class I cavities in lower molars was observed in models where non-shrinking dental filling materials, like the hybrid glass ionomer cement used in model C, were applied. Stress reduction was also achieved in model A, which employed a bi-layer technique with a shrinking polymeric filling material (bulk resin composite). Model C's performance closely resembled that of a sound tooth.

METHODS FOR MITIGATION OF GEOMETRIC DEFECTS GENERATED DURING POLYMER INJECTION MOLDING

Injection molding is one of the most used processes in the polymer parts forming industry, which consists of raising the temperature of a polymeric material to its melting point and introducing it under pressure into the cavity of a mold where it is It will cool to a suitable temperature so that the pieces can be extracted without deforming. This article presents a review of the state of the art of scientific works that state techniques, methods and commercial software, used to analyze, understand and in some cases mitigate failures in the polymer injection process, which will reduce cycle times and production costs. Likewise, during the search, the polymers were delimited: polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and for thermostables, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), since they are the ones that showed the most cases with failures in the injection molding process. An overview of the use of methods that can be used to analyze the parameters that affect the quality of formed parts is also shown, such as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Taguchi, Response Surface Methodology (RSM). It is also presented which are the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) software that stand out the most in their use to better understand the physical phenomena that occur during the injection molding process.

Static Loading Simulation on Temporary Platform and Ladder Absorbent Chamber Design

This study utilizes SolidWorks software to thoroughly examine the structural layout and static load simulation of a temporary platform and ladder in an adsorbent chamber. SolidWorks, a computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) software, offers robust tools for 3D modeling, simulation, and analysis, making it ideal for this type of structural assessment. Finite element analysis (FEA), a simulation model within SolidWorks, is employed to determine stress distribution and safety factors. The results demonstrate the platform's maximum stress at 198.65 MPa, below the yield strength of ASTM A36 Steel, leading to a safety factor of 1.3. These findings validate the design's safety and reliability for industrial use.

Computational assessment of carbon fabric reinforced polymer made prosthetic knee: Mechanics, finite element simulations and experimental evaluation.

A prosthetic knee is designed to replace the functionality of an anatomical knee in transfemoral amputees. The purpose of a prosthetic knee is to restore mobility and compensate amputees for their impairment. In the present research numerical modelling and simulation of a carbon fabric reinforced polymer made polycentric prosthetic knee with four-bar mechanism was performed. Virtual prototyping with computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering software ensured geometric and structural stability of the knee design. The linkage mechanism, instantaneous centre's location and trajectory were investigated using multibody dynamics and analytical formulations. Computational simulations with a non-linear finite element model were employed with joints, contact formulations and an orthotropic material model to predict the displacement, stress formulated and life of the knee prosthesis under static and cyclic loading conditions. Finite element analysis assessed the strength and durability of knee in accordance to standards. Maximum Principal stress of 155 MPa and life expectancy of 3.1 × 106 cycles were determined for the composite knee through numerical simulations ensuring a safe design. Experimental testing was also conducted as per standards and the percentage error was estimated to be 2.52%, thereby establishing the validity of the finite element model deployed. This type of simulation-based approach can be implemented to efficiently and affordably design and prototype a prosthetic knee with desired functioning criteria.

A Deep Learning-Based CAE Approach for Simulating 3D Vehicle Wheels Under Real-World Conditions

The implementation of deep learning (DL) in computer-aided engineering (CAE) can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of simulating 3D vehicle wheels under real-world conditions. While traditional CAE methods can be time-consuming and computationally expensive, DL can reduce simulation time and development cycles across all industries. This work explores the role of DL and AI in virtual manufacturing and CAE and investigates how they can be used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of simulations for 3D vehicle wheels. Deep learning models can learn the complex relationships between different wheel design parameters, such as tire load distribution, stress distribution, and fatigue life. Once trained, these models can be embedded into CAE software, allowing for faster and more accurate simulations of wheel performance. This interdisciplinary study uses various deep learning techniques, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), to create a more efficient and accurate relationship between CAD modeling and CAE simulation. The research aims to leverage the potential of deep learning models to automate 3D CAD design, accurately predict CAE results, and provide in-depth explanations and verifications. The benefits of this research are expected to extend to the automotive industry's pursuit of more robust and resilient wheel designs. By streamlining the product development process from conceptual design to engineering performance evaluation, this study has the potential to revolutionize the automotive industry's product development cycle.

A CASE environment for Project-based Course to learn a sustainable software development

In the context of contemporary software development education, project-based courses have gained prominence as effective pedagogical tools. This methodology empowers students to cultivate practical skills by engaging in real-world projects. However, integrating sustainable software development practices into such courses often remains a challenge such as the need to set up new technologies for each semester, making it hard to ensure consistent and disciplined development. To address this gap, this research introduces Agilearn, the conception of a Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) environment tailored explicitly for project-based courses with a strong focus on promoting sustainability. It is expected to enhance the learning experience by offering a collaborative platform that automates tasks and establishes a standardized agile environment for students. This paper presents the requirements analysis, the course design to implement Agilearn, the architecture of Agilearn, and a case study to implement Agilearn.

Formula Student car chassis – research on the torsional stiffness

In the article, the torsional stiffness of a formula student's space frame was analyzed. The article mainly focuses on the comparison of the stiffness between different frame designs, which were used in three consecutive formula student cars designed by the weracing™ team as well as a comparison of the result of two calculation methods. The calculations were made in computer-aided engineering software, i.e. ABAQUS dedicated to analyzing Finite Elements models. The assumption for analysis was to check the rotation of the frame after applying a 5000 Nm load. The torsional load was introduced by first fixed the four rear bulkhead joint and then subsequently applying a force couple to the upper front wishbone mounts. Having a distance between joint from the central line and torque moment, the force for specific nodes can be calculated. The calculation for each model was performed. The obtained differences result from the construction of frames and applied methods of calculations.

A method for estimating the contact area of a dual-mobility total hip prosthesis

The term “contact area” refers to the total surface area of two entities in direct physical touch. When discussing an artificial hip joint, “contact area” refers to the surface area of contact between the components of the artificial hip joint (ball and cup) positioned inside the patient. Several methods can be used to figure out the contact area of an artificial hip joint, such as finite element analysis and traditional experiments on contact mechanics with hip joint simulators. The contact area in an artificial hip joint ensures load distribution. For optimal and long-term performance, the prosthetic hip joint’s contact area must be well understood for design, fitting, and monitoring. This study presented a novel method to estimate the liner surface contact area due to interaction contact in the artificial hip joint using a computer-aided design (CAD) program. This study also contrasted numerical approaches utilizing computer-aided engineering software and theoretical predictions based on Hertz theory with three-dimensional processes using CAD software to determine the contact area in the inner liner. There were no significant discrepancies in the outcomes of the three approaches.

A novel CODAS approach based on Heronian Minkowski distance operator for T-spherical fuzzy multiple attribute group decision-making

T-spherical fuzzy sets (TSFSs) are more flexible and efficient tools to deal with ambiguous, uncertain and vague information in complex real-world decision-making problems than various extended intuitionistic fuzzy sets. This paper aims to develop a novel T-spherical fuzzy (TSF) Combinative Distance-Based ASsessment (CODAS) based on the Heronian Minkowski distance aggregation operator, this new method can capture interrelationship between input arguments. Some TSF weighted Heronian Minkowski distance (TSFWHMD) aggregation operators with generalization are developed based on Heronian mean and Minkowski-type distance, their properties are discussed as well as their families are analyzed. Furthermore, the TSF MAGDM methodology based on the improved CODAS is designed, where the Minkowski-type distance is used to define the TSF similarity for computing the expert weights and to construct the maximizing deviation method (MDM) for determining the attribute weights, respectively. The TSF ordered weighted Heronian Hamming distance (TSFOWHHD) and TSF ordered weighted Heronian Euclidean distance (TSFOWHED) operators derived from the TSFOWHMD operator are integrated into the CODAS method, which is an improved method for both measuring the deviation of the negative ideal solution from each alternative and capturing the correlation between attributes. Finally, the feasibility and practicality of developed methodology are illustrated with an example of CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) software selection for lithium-ion power battery (LiPB) design, sensitivity analysis and method comparisons are performed to elucidate the reliability and validity of the developed methodology.

Frequency response of the construction of a large-span building with a cylindrical-and-slab roof†

Relevance of the research. Numerical studies of structural frequency response of a large-span building with cylindrical-and-slab roof as a large mechanical system were carried out. Finite element model No. 1 “Superstructure-Fixed-end” . The purpose of the study was to develop the methodology for modal analysis of a large-span building structure with a cylindrical-and-slab roof as a mechanical system with a large number of degrees of freedom . Methods. Numerical analysis of the building dynamics was carried out with the use of the САЕ (Computer-aided engineering) software package Femap NX NASTRAN, which implements the finite element method. Results. The “dangerous” resonant frequencies and forms of harmonic oscillations of the structure were revealed, and the sensitivity of the buildings’ reactions to various structural changes was analyzed. Frequency analysis of harmonic response of the building allowed to obtain dependences of amplitude values of nodal displacements (accelerations) and stresses in finite elements from the frequency of the inducing external force. In the next article, it is proposed to conduct a dynamic analysis of a large-span building with a cylindrical-and-slab roof for seismic effects.

Multiobjective optimization framework for designing a steering system considering structural features and full vehicle dynamics

Vehicle handling and stability performance and ride comfort is normally assessed through standard field test procedures, which are time consuming and expensive. However, the rapid development of digital technologies in the automotive industry have enabled to properly model and simulate the full-vehicle dynamics, thus drastically reducing design and manufacturing times and costs while enhancing the performance, safety, and longevity of vehicle systems. This paper focus on a computationally efficient multi-objective optimization framework for developing an optimal design of a vehicle steering system, which is carried out by coupling certain computer-aided design tools (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) software. The 3D CAD model of the steering system is made using SolidWorks, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is modelled using Ansys Workbench, while the multibody kinematic and dynamic is analysed using Adams/Car. They are embedded in a multidisciplinary optimization design framework (modeFrontier) with the aim of determining the optimal hardpoint locations of the suspension and steering systems. This is achieved by minimizing the Ackermann error and toe angle deviations, together with the volume, mass, and maximum stresses of the rack-and-pinion steering mechanism. This enhances the vehicle stability, safety, manoeuvrability, and passengers’ comfort, extends the vehicle systems reliability and fatigue life, while reducing the tire wear. The method has been successfully applied to different driving scenarios and vehicle maneuvers to find the optimal Pareto front and analyse the performance and behaviour of the steering system. Results show that the design of the steering system can be significantly improved using this approach.

Multi-objective numerical optimization of 3D-printed polylactic acid bio-metamaterial based on topology, filling pattern, and infill density via fatigue lifetime and mass.

Infill parameters are significant with regard to the overall cost and saving material while printing a 3D model. When it comes to printing time, we can decrease the printing time by altering the infill, which also reduces the total process extent. Choosing the right filling parameters affects the strength of the printed model. In this research, the effect of filling density and infill pattern on the fatigue lifetime of cylindrical polylactic acid (PLA) samples was investigated with finite element modeling and analysis. This causes the lattice structure to be considered macro-scale porosity in the additive manufacturing process. Due to the need for multi-objective optimization of several functions at the same time and the inevitable sacrifice of other objectives, the decision was to obtain a set of compromise solutions according to the Pareto-optimal solution technique or the Pareto non-inferior solution approach. As a result, a horizontally printed rectangular pattern with 60% filling was preferred over the four patterns including honeycomb, triangular, regular octagon, and irregular octagon by considering the sum of mass changes and fatigue lifetime changes, and distance from the optimal point, which is the lightest structure with the maximum fatigue lifetime as an objective function with an emphasis on mass as an important parameter in designing scaffolds and biomedical structures. A new structure was also proposed by performing a structural optimization process using computer-aided design tools and also, computer-aided engineering software by Dassault systems. Finally, the selected samples were printed and their 3D printing quality was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy inspection.

Influence of Placement of Ultrashort Implant at Sub-Crestal, Crestal and Supra-Crestal Level with Titanium or Polyetheretherketone Hybrid Abutment: 3D Finite Element Analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the stress concentration of short dental implants supporting different conical abutments using 3D finite element analysis (3D-FEA). A tridimensional model of single-unit short dental implants (5.2 mm × 5 mm) was designed using the computer-aided design (CAD) software based on the manufacturer’s stereolithography. The short implants were positioned in a bone model to support titanium or ceramic-reinforced PEEK conical abutments considering different bone levels (supra-crestal, crestal or sub-crestal). With the aid of a computer-aided engineering (CAE) software, the finite element model was created and an axial load of 500 N was applied. Observing the mechanical response of the implant, abutment and screw, both evaluated materials resulted in homogeneous stress and could be indicated for implant-supported restorations with short fixtures. However, aiming to decrease the strain in the bone tissue, placing the implant in the sub-crestal position is a preferable option; while the supra-crestal placement decreases the stress at the screw and implant.

Design and analysis of single and multi-layer pressure vessel

This article presents a comprehensive investigation on the design and evaluation of monoblock pressure vessels using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) software. Pressure vessels, commonly known as sealed cylindrical shells, are engineered to withstand high internal pressure and enhance structural robustness. The vessels feature a multi-layered structure that incorporates inherent safety mechanisms. They find widespread applications in diverse industrial sectors, including automotive, aeronautics, nuclear power, and biotechnology. This study utilizes established materials such as Steel-s515-gr70, Aluminium Alloy (6061-t6), and Grey Cast Iron to design a pressure vessel configuration comprising multiple layers, which aims to reduce stress and improve the security and longevity of the vessel. The CREO (8.0) software is employed for accurate modeling and optimization of the vessel's geometry, while the ANSYS (2022 R1) software enables static structural analysis to assess its performance under various loading scenarios. By utilizing CAD and CAE tools, this research aims to advance the techniques for designing and analyzing pressure vessels. The combination of pre-existing materials and a complex layered design serves to mitigate stress and enhance the safety and efficiency of the pressure vessel. The findings of this study contribute to the overall understanding of pressure vessel design and analysis, with the ultimate goal of developing pressure vessels that are safer and more efficient in diverse industries.

Simulation of motions of a 6DoF unmanned aerial vehicle from the mathematical model in free space

This work prepares a smooth playing ground to modeling and simulation of a Collision Avoidance for Cooperative UAVs with Rolling Optimization Algorithm (ROA) Based on Predictive State Space (PSS) technique using Matlab, Simulink and Aerospace toolboxes of MathsWork. The methodological approach adopted is Computer Aided Software Engineering and to have handle collisions and maneuvers in a mathematical way, normal simulation of the trajectory of both the UAV and obstacles is defined by geometric approach. The goal of the work is to develop a mathematical model of a six degree of freedom (6DoF) of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in free space for further modeling and simulation of a collision avoidance for cooperative UAVs with the required specifications. The motion (modeling of mathematical parameters like velocity, position, body rotational rate and Euler angles) of the 6DoF aircraft was determined by coordinate systems which allow the aircraft’s position and orientation in spaceto be kept tracked. The discrete form of the developed model for simulation was achieved using appropriate transfer functions. The development of the mathematical model will enable the development of an artificial NN model predictive controller (MPC) that can handle the nonlinearities associated with the UAV based on PSS technique.

Optimization of in-brace corrective force in adolescents with Lenke type 5 curve using finite element model

BackgroundPelvic parameters have been taken into consideration for the evaluation of the outcomes of bracing in AIS. To discuss the stress required to correct the pelvic deformity related to Lenke5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) by finite element analysis, and provide a reference for the shaping of the pelvic region of the brace.MethodsAn three-dimensional (3D) corrective force on the pelvic area was defined. Computed tomography images were used to reconstruct a 3D model of Lenke5 AIS. Computer-aided engineering software Abaqus was used to implement finite element analysis. By adjusting the magnitude and position of corrective forces, coronal pelvic coronal plane rotation (PCPR) and Cobb angle (CA) of lumbar curve in the coronal plane, horizontal pelvic axial plane rotation, and apical vertebra rotation (AVR) were minimized to achieve the best effect on the spine and pelvic deformity correction. The proposed corrective conditions were divided into three groups: (1) forces applied on X-axis; (2) forces applied both in the X- and Y-axis; and (3) forces applied along the X-, Y-, and Z-axis at the same time.ResultsIn three groups, CA correction reduced by 31.5%, 42.5%, and 59.8%, and the PCPR changed to 12°, 13°, and 1° from 6.5°, respectively. The best groups of correction forces should simultaneously locate on the sagittal, transverse, and coronal planes of the pelvis.ConclusionsFor Lenke5 AIS, 3D correction forces can sufficiently reduce scoliosis and pelvic asymmetrical state. Force applied along the Z-axis is vital to correct the pelvic coronal pelvic tilt associated with Lenke5 AIS.

PERANCANGAN PLASTIC WASTE SHREDDER MACHINE PORTABLE DI KAMPUS POLMAN BANDUNG

Plastic Waste Shredder Machine is a machine that is used to reduce the size of waste into small pieces for recycling process. This machine is a development from previous machines. The design methodology in this study is VDI 2222. Determination of component dimensions is based on analysis of critical components with the help of Computer Aided Engineering software. This machine works by inserting plastic bottle waste to the hopper, the size will be reduced in shredding area with two-blade system that moves oppositely with a fixed knife on each side, and the result is the plastic chips with a maximum size of 5x5 mm. After the design process, the machine is operated with an electric motor with a power of 0,75 kW and output rotation of 50 rpm. This machine can process 10 kg/day plastic waste with machine dimensions of 400 x 600 x 900 mm and total machine weight of 124 kg.

Design of a precision planter chassis using computer-aided engineering and experimental validation

The application of X-section beams in the modular and strength-based design of a precision planter chassis was investigated numerically and experimentally in a case study. This study deals with the feasibility of a special section design with a systematic engineering approach. Mechanical tests were performed for the beam evaluated in a mounting system. The X-section beam model and the mounting elements on this beam were created using computer-aided engineering software, and the compatibility of the design with the mass criterion was investigated. This model was edited as a 2D and 3D mixed model and analyzed with the finite element method to analyzing studies of the system. Stress measurement was conducted using strain gauges at specified points in the system whose prototype was produced. These strain data were processed with nCode DesignLife software, and nonlinear FEA analyses were validated using these stress measurements. The fatigue damage of the X-section beam under dynamic loading conditions was investigated using the FE model solution and experimental measurement data (CAE-based fatigue analysis) with nCode software. The X-section beam design adopted a multiple-objective genetic algorithm technique for optimization by means of ANSYS. The maximum stress value was 121.83 MPa, and a 7.77 kg material was saved correlated to the prototype with the help of optimization solved 400 iterations. It has been determined that the X-section beam is safe by 1.06 × 106 cycles under these loading conditions and can carry a load of 1600 kg. The X-section beam can be successfully applied in similar systems owing to its assemblability and functionality.

Comparative analysis of biomechanical response between zygomatic implant and Facco technique through the three-dimensional finite element method.

The placement of zygomatic implants is an alternative used for rehabilitation of edentulous patients with atrophic maxilla. However, the complexity of the various techniques suggested in the literature requires high skill from surgeons. Aim: The objective of this research was to compare the biomechanical performance of traditional technique of zygomatic implant placement in relation to a new proposal, the Facco technique, through finite element analysis. A three-dimensional geometric model of the maxilla was input into computer-aided design software (Rhinoceros version 4.0 SR8). STL file of the geometric models of implants and components supplied by the company Implacil De Bortoli was converted to volumetric solids through reverse engineering by RhinoResurf software (Rhinoceros version 4.0 SR8). Three groups were modeled: traditional technique, Facco technique without frictional contact and Facco technique with frictional contact, following the recommended position in each technique for implant placement. All models received a maxillary bar. Groups were exported to the computer-aided engineering software ANYSYS 19.2, in step format. Mechanical static structural analysis was requested with occlusal load of 120N. All elements were considered isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic. Contacts were considered ideal and system fixation was considered at the bone tissue base. There is similarity between the techniques. Microdeformation values capable of generating undesirable bone resorption were not observed in both techniques. Highest values in the posterior region of Facco technique were computed at the angle of part B close to the posterior implant. Biomechanical behaviors of the two evaluated zygomatic implant techniques are similar. Prosthetic abutment (pilar Z) modifies the distribution of stresses over the zygomatic implant body. Highest stress peak was found in the pilar Z, but it is within acceptable physiological limits. Key words:Atrophic maxilla, zygomatic implants, surgical techniques, pilar Z, dental implants.

Semi-analytical static compliance modeling of hybrid equipment

Based on screw theory and computer-aided engineering software, the static compliance modeling of a hybrid machine through the serial and parallel assembly of components was performed to construct the mapping relationship between wrench and deformation twist in Cartesian space. For low-speed and heavy-duty hybrid equipment, the static compliance performance is extremely important, and a complete static compliance model is a prerequisite for analysis and design. The semi-analytical model considers gravity, which facilitates the rapid prediction of static compliance and static deformation, providing guidance for static compliance matching in the design process.