Computer-aided Design Technology Research Articles

Primary Osseointegrated Free Flap in a Middle-Aged Oral Cancer Patient with Excellent Functional and Anatomical Outcomes: A Case Report

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity is a significant global health concern, accounting for approximately 90% of all oral malignancies. This case report describes a 45-year-old male diagnosed with SCC of the right alveolus sulcus extending to the buccal mucosa. The treatment involved a multi-disciplinary team employing advanced planning and surgical techniques, including 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) technology, for precise preoperative planning of the composite resection and reconstruction. This approach facilitated accurate mandibular resection, fibula flap harvest, and immediate dental implant placement, paving the way for future prosthetic rehabilitation. This report highlights the importance of comprehensive treatment planning and the integration of cutting-edge technologies in managing oral SCC. The outcome was a scarless, contoured face with excellent anatomical and functional outcomes.

Testing the strength of thin feather-edge monolithic multilayered zirconia crowns: A pilot study with a novel acoustic test

Intoduction: Limited research has explored the mechanical characteristics of recently introduced multilayered monolithic zirconia (MZC) crowns with feather-edge margins design. Moreover, most of the conventional techniques for evaluating the mechanical behavior of brittle dental ceramics rely on destructive tests, making it impossible to precisely evaluate real strength values due to premature crack initiation detection failure. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to assess the load capacity of translucent multilayered monolithic zirconia crowns with feather-edge margin thicknesses of 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm. Additionally, the research introduced a novel non-destructive acoustic emission testing (AET) technique in the laboratory to identify early cracks in dental ceramics. Methods: Forty multilayered zirconia crowns produced using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology were evenly divided into two groups, each with distinct feather-edge margin thicknesses: 0.5 mm (group 1) and 0.4 mm (group 2). These crowns were securely cemented onto customized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dies using a universal restorative glass ionomer. Subsequently, the crowns underwent a compressive axial loading test, controlled by an innovative AET crack detection system rooted in the principles of non-destructive laboratory testing. Fractographic analysis was conducted to determine the location of crack or eventual fracture. Results: The proportion of MZCs with a crack was statistically higher than the proportion with a fracture in the whole sample (p<0.001). In addition, the results showed that the crowns in group 1 exhibited higher loading values than those in group 2. The mean loading capacity in group was 911.2 N ± 614.7 N. Two locations of crack and fracture were registered: occlusal and marginal. No statistical association was observed between the two groups for the location of cracks or fractures. Conclusions: The feather-edge crowns with a 0.5 mm margin thickness had a higher loading capacity than those with a 0.4 mm. However, the latter supports loads that exceed occlusal force in the oral cavity suggesting that 0.4 mm feathered edge MZCs may be a valid and less invasive alternative to thicker margins. The novel load-to-fracture AET setup proved effective in detecting early crack initiation, suggesting it as a promising method for assessing the mechanical properties of brittle materials prior to failure, potentially impacting the field of dentistry. However more advanced research is needed to enhance the accuracy of the proposed technique. Clinical implications: The examined MZC demonstrates the ability to withstand occlusal forces in a patient’s mouth, offering clinical practitioners the option of embracing minimally invasive dentistry through the use of 0.4 mm feather-edge MZC in their treatment options. Furthermore, the positive results from the innovative acoustic emission testing technique, facilitating early crack detection, indicate a promising future for studying the behavior of brittle materials in dental laboratory testing.

Meniscal scaffolds based on self-healable elastomer-hydrogel composites with biomimetic structure and tribological properties for repairing meniscal injuries

Meniscal injuries are increasing dramatically with the aging of the population and the prevalence of sports. Tissue engineering technology is the most promising method for the treatment of meniscal injuries, but the preparation of long-term and durable meniscal scaffolds with mechanical and tribological properties like natural articular cartilage remains a great challenge. Here, inspired by the structure and lubrication mechanism of the meniscus, a durable meniscus scaffold with bionic 3D structure, self-lubrication, and intelligent drug release function is prepared. An elastomer-hydrogel composite consisting of a direct ink writing (DIW) printed elastomer skeleton and a hydrogel matrix is prepared for the meniscus scaffold. The bionic 3D structure of the scaffolds is realized by combining computer-aided structural design and 3D printing technology. The self-healing ability obtained by incorporating dynamic covalent bonds, and the robust interface achieved by co-curing of the elastomer and hydrogel resins, ensure the stability and durability of the composite meniscal scaffolds. Taking advantage of the coexistence of aqueous and oily phases in the emulsion-type hydrogel resin, a hydrophobic phospholipid is loaded into the hydrogel, and achieves excellent boundary lubrication of the composite through its fiction-response release and self-assembly. Moreover, the meniscus scaffolds enable intelligent drug release to adapt to the physiological characteristics during inflammation. In vivo tests in rabbit models validate the protective effect of the scaffold on cartilage. These methods and concepts provide a solid foundation for the preparation of bionic tissue scaffolds.

Three-dimensional modeling of 500 kV transmission lines by airborne LiDAR

This study aims to enhance the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) modeling in the planning, design, operation management, and risk assessment of 500 kV transmission lines. Addressing the limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) or low-precision 3D models, a new method based on airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology is proposed. Initially, high-density, high-precision 3D point cloud data are collected using airborne LiDAR technology. This data is then processed using specialized software for noise removal, terrain classification extraction, and Geographic Information System (GIS) data integration. Subsequently, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed to classify the 3D point cloud data to enhance the accuracy of complex structure recognition. Lastly, the point cloud data are converted into linear and planar entities using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) technology, achieving high-precision 3D reconstruction of the 500 kV transmission lines and their complex terrain environment. Experimental results show that the spatial resolution of the constructed model reaches 0.1 m per pixel, with overall geometric accuracy within ±5 cm. Compared to traditional aerial imagery and ground survey methods, the model based on airborne LiDAR technology achieves improvements of 30 % in detail richness and 35 % in terrain adaptability, with a 45 % increase in decision-making efficiency. These improvements significantly enhance the accuracy of line operations, safety assessments, and environmental impact analyses, providing solid data support for the modernization and intelligent development of the power industry.

Delayed Maxillary Reconstruction with Free Osteocutaneous Fibula Flap Using CAD-CAM Technology

Abstract Background Maxillary reconstruction poses unique challenges for the reconstructive surgeon because of the complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the maxilla. Undertaking this endeavor on secondary reconstruction makes it more difficult due to problems in recreating the true defect. This study is an attempt to demonstrate the role of virtual surgical planning (VSP), 3D printing, and mock surgery in reconstructing such defects using free fibula flaps. Materials and Methods This was a prospective study involving 10 patients of maxillary defects who underwent delayed reconstruction with a free fibula flap. The planning was done preoperatively using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology. A mock surgery with 3D printed models was done before the surgery. After the surgery, the accuracy results were obtained by overlapping and measuring fixed point distances between preoperative virtual planning and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan data. Results and Discussion Nine patients underwent successful reconstruction and were satisfied with the outcome. One patient had flap loss. The mean shift along the horizontal, vertical, and 3D axes was less than 5 mm between the preoperative virtual planning and postoperative CT scan data, indicating accurate reconstruction. We also suggest strategies for soft-tissue and bony inset including inferolateral pedicle origin, anteriorly facing lateral fibular surface, and two bony struts for the alveolus. Conclusion VSP and CAD-CAM technology in maxillary reconstructions help achieve an anatomically accurate neo-maxilla. The addition of mock surgery to the routine and the use of cutting guide avoid unpredictability and reduce the need for adaptation activities on the operating table. CAD-CAM technology despite its limitations is invaluable in maxillary reconstruction and is an important tool for a reconstructive plastic surgeon.

Effects of post-curing light intensity on the trueness, compressive strength, and resin polymerization characteristics of 3D-printed 3-unit fixed dental prostheses.

To investigate the effect of different post-curing light intensities on the trueness, compressive strength, and resin polymerization of 3D-printed 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FPD). A total of 60 specimens were prepared to support a 3-unit FDP with a deep chamfer marginal design, utilizing computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology. Light-polymerizing FDP resin with varying light intensities (105, 210, 420, and 840mW/cm2) was employed for 10 min. Subsequently, trueness assessment, fracture load testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surface examination, and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis were conducted. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to ascertain the differences between the experimental groups (p < 0.05). The group exposed to 210mW/cm2 showed the highest trueness (57.6 ± 2.1 µm), while the 840mW/cm2 group had the highest deviation (79.3 ± 2.7 µm) (p < 0.001). Significant differences in fracture resistance were found between groups (p < 0.001), with mean fracture strengths of 1149.77 ± 67.81 N, 1264.92 ± 39.06 N, 1331.34 ± 53.62 N, and 1439.93 ± 34.58 N for light intensities of 105, 210, 420, and 840mW/cm2, respectively (p < 0.001). The resin polymerization analysis shows a peak intensity surge at 3579 cm-1 for O-H and C-H stretching vibrations, except in samples exposed to 105 mw/cm2 light, with the lowest peak at 2890 cm-1. The performance of resin polymerization is most significant under the condition of 840mW/cm2. The light intensity of 210mW/cm2 exhibited the highest trueness, while the 840mW/cm2 group showed the highest deviation. However, the light intensity of 840mW/cm2 demonstrated the highest compressive strength. Furthermore, polymerization occurred at all post-treatment light intensities except 105mW/cm2. These findings indicate that while low-intensity usage offers greater trueness, high-intensity usage provides better compressive strength and polymerization. Therefore, 210mW/cm2 could be the recommended solution for post-curing.

Fracture Resistance of Space Maintainers Produced Using 3D Printable Materials.

This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of space maintainers (SMs) produced using 3D-printable materials (metal, resin and polyetheretherketone [PEEK]) after thermal aging and compare them with conventional space maintainers. A standardised typodont model for paediatric dentistry was utilised, and band and loop space maintainers were designed digitally using computer-aided design (CAD) technology. Four groups were established: Conventional, 3D printed metal, 3D printed resin, and 3D printed PEEK. Fracture resistance was assessed after 10,000 thermal cycles, simulating oral conditions. Fracture tests were conducted using a universal testing machine, applying vertical force to the band and loop junction until fracture. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (P<0.05). Although the fracture resistance values showed that metal, resin, and PEEK 3D printed band and loop space maintainers can be acceptable clinically, the permanent resin may be preferable to printable material because of their aesthetic properties.

Towards Sustainable Orthodontics: Environmental Implications and Strategies for Clear Aligner Therapy.

The increasing concern over environmental sustainability has prompted various industries to reassess their practices and explore greener alternatives. Dentistry, as a significant contributor to waste generation, is actively seeking methods to minimize its environmental footprint. This paper examines the environmental implications of clear aligner therapy (CAT) in orthodontics and explores strategies to prioritize sustainability in aligner manufacturing and usage. CAT has gained popularity as a viable alternative to traditional fixed appliances due to advancements in biomaterials and computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing (CAM) technologies. The global market for clear aligners is expanding rapidly, with significant growth projected in the coming years. To address these challenges, this paper proposes adopting the principles of reduce, reuse, recycle, and rethink (4Rs) in orthodontic practices. Strategies such as minimizing resource consumption, incorporating recycled materials, and promoting proper aligner disposal and recycling can significantly reduce environmental harm. This paper explores emerging technologies and materials to mitigate the environmental impacts of CAT. Additionally, initiatives promoting aligner recycling and repurposing offer promising avenues for reducing plastic waste and fostering a circular economy. In conclusion, while CAT offers numerous benefits in orthodontic treatment, its environmental impact cannot be overlooked. By implementing sustainable practices and embracing innovative solutions, the orthodontic community can contribute to a more environmentally conscious future while continuing to provide quality care to patients.

Computer-Aided Design and Additive Manufacturing for Automotive Prototypes: A Review

This study investigated the integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and additive manufacturing (AM) in prototype production, particularly in the automotive industry. It explores how these technologies redefine prototyping practices, with a focus on design flexibility, material efficiency, and production speed. Adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, this study encompasses a systematic review of 28 scholarly articles. It undertakes a comprehensive analysis to identify key themes, trends, and gaps in the existing research on CAD and AM integration in automotive prototyping. This study revealed the significant advantages of CAD and AM in prototype manufacturing, including improved design capabilities, efficient material usage, and the creation of complex geometries. It also addresses ongoing challenges, such as technology integration costs, scalability, and sustainability. Furthermore, this study foresees future developments by focusing on enhancing CAD and AM technologies to meet evolving market demands and optimize performance. This study makes a unique contribution to the literature by providing a detailed overview of the integration of CAD and AM in the context of automotive prototyping. This study incorporates valuable insights into the current practices and challenges and future prospects, potentially leading to more advanced, sustainable, and customer-oriented prototyping methods in the automotive sector.

A comprehensive review of antimicrobial peptides: Mechanisms, classifications and designations

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of alkaline poly-peptide compounds that have antibacterial activity and are produced by insects. This research examines three key aspects of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): their mechanism of action, categorization, and designation. Antimicrobial peptides have a wide range of antimicrobial action, with a significant number of them being naturally occurring peptides. Consequently, they are increasingly being recognized as promising candidates for therapeutic applications. Antimicrobial peptides can be categorized into many categories based on their structural characteristics and origin. The field of computer-assisted peptide design integrates computer-aided design technology with the process of drug creation, so leveraging its inherent benefits and offering a rational and efficient theoretical framework for the design of peptides. The identification of novel classes of antibiotics is a promising approach for addressing the issue of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides possess significant potential for application within the pharmaceutical sector due to their notable antibacterial efficacy, extensive range of antibacterial activity, diverse structural characteristics, and extensive array of options. Moreover, these peptides have a reduced likelihood of inducing resistance mutations in target strains. Currently, a number of poly-peptide antibiotics are being subjected to preclinical feasibility investigations. One of these antibiotics, magainins, has progressed to the phase III clinical trial stage.

Dentofacial deformities and their management in prosthodontic practice

Dentofacial deformities encompass a wide range of skeletal and dental discrepancies that can significantly impact a patient's oral function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life. These deformities can arise from congenital, developmental, or acquired factors, each contributing to the complexity of diagnosis and treatment. Congenital conditions, such as cleft lip and palate and genetic syndromes, often result in significant craniofacial anomalies. Developmental disturbances, including hormonal imbalances and nutritional deficiencies, can further exacerbate these conditions. Additionally, trauma, infections, and neoplasms play a critical role in the etiology of acquired dentofacial deformities. Effective management of dentofacial deformities in prosthodontics requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating orthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and advanced prosthodontic techniques. Diagnostic advancements, including 3D imaging and digital workflows, facilitate precise planning and customization of prosthetic solutions. Orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery are pivotal in correcting skeletal discrepancies and establishing a stable foundation for prosthodontic rehabilitation. Post-surgical prosthodontic interventions involve the use of high-strength ceramics, zirconia, and biocompatible implant materials to restore dental function and aesthetics. Technological advancements have revolutionized prosthodontic practice. computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology allows for the accurate design and fabrication of prosthetic components, enhancing treatment predictability and efficiency. The development of minimally invasive techniques, such as guided implant surgery and laser applications, has reduced procedural invasiveness and improved patient outcomes. The integration of digital tools and advanced materials has significantly enhanced the precision, durability, and aesthetic quality of prosthetic restorations. Overall, the advances in prosthodontic techniques and materials have greatly improved the management of dentofacial deformities, offering patients better functional and aesthetic results. Continued innovation and research are essential to address the complex challenges associated with these deformities, ultimately enhancing patient care and outcomes in prosthodontic practice.

Enhancing Fixed Partial Denture Pontic Fabrication: An In Vitro Comparative Study of the Digital and Manual Techniques.

Background Advancements in computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology have significantly improved the accuracy and consistency of producing fixed partial dentures (FPDs) compared to traditional manual methods. However, the fully digital transfer of mock-up morphology to final FPDs is not yet fully explored. Proper pontic design, which avoids direct gingival contact, is essential for maintaining oral hygiene and preventing tissue irritation. Aim and objectives This study aims to compare the effectiveness of digital versus manual methods in FPD pontic fabrication, focusing on the trueness of digitally fabricated FPD patterns. Key objectives include assessing thickness, vertical gaps, and anatomical accuracy to determine the advantages of CAD-CAM technologies over traditional techniques. Materials and methods In this in vitro study, a total of 45 FPD pontics were fabricated and divided into three groups (15 each): digitally fabricated (using CAD software and CAM systems), manually fabricated (using traditional wax-up techniques), and a control group (typodont teeth). Tooth preparation was performed on a typodont, and impressions were taken to create casts. One cast was scanned and digitally designed, while the other was used for manual fabrication. Outcome assessments included vertical gap measurement using a stereo microscope, thickness evaluation with a digital caliper, and anatomical similarity assessment by independent evaluators. Statistical analysis involved one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc Tukey's analysis, and unpaired t-tests using SPSS software version 26.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York). Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results The digital group exhibited lower mean thickness at the incisal (1.92±0.130 mm vs. 2.46±0.219 mm for manual, p=0.000), middle (7.00±0.223 mm vs. 8.88±0.983 mm for manual, p=0.001), and cervical sites (9.06±0.134 mm vs. 10.08±0.454 mm for manual, p=0.000). No significant differences were found between the digital and control groups. No significant differences were observed between digital, manual, and control groups at any site (p=0.688 to 0.997). The digital group demonstrated superior accuracy and consistency compared to the control group (mean value of 1.00±0.00 vs. 2.93±0.798, p=0.000). Conclusion CAD-CAM technology greatly improves the precision and consistency of FPD pontic fabrication compared to traditional manual techniques. Digital methods produce thinner pontics with superior anatomical accuracy, although vertical gap measurements are similar across methods. These findings emphasize the benefits of CAD-CAM in enhancing prosthetic outcomes and suggest potential improvements in clinical practices for prosthodontic rehabilitation.

A case report demonstrating the utilization of computer-aided design technology and intramedullary nails for the management of femoral deformity and fracture.

To effectively address severe deformities at the fracture site in patients, meticulous preoperative preparation is essential. This involves ensuring the restoration of the normal structural force line of the affected area and prevention of any residual deformities. By utilizing E3D technology prior to surgery, creating models based on individual patient image data and performing osteotomy, the required surgical parameters can be measured, thereby reducing surgical risks and enhancing precision. This article documents a case involving a fractured femoral shaft resulting in femoral deformation. In this case, computer-aided design technology was employed for preoperative planning and data measurement to guide the corrective osteotomy and fracture fixation procedures. The E3D software utilizes advanced techniques such as customized osteotomy, virtual reduction and internal fixation insertion technology. This enables the software to accurately pre-select the correction of femoral deformities and determine the appropriate specifications and types of internal implants. As a result, the software can create precise, rational, and personalized repair plans tailored to each patient's needs.

A digital CAD/CAM configurator for the production of orthodontic appliances – Going new ways

Functional therapy in growing patients is a highly relevant area in orthodontics. With the increasing integration of computer-aided design and manufacturing technology (CAD/CAM) in orthodontics, we are witnessing significant advancements in the design of orthodontic appliances. Modern 3D printing technologies allow for the creation of complex, customized equipment in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner, using robust and durable resins. Additionally, the creative input of dental CAD design programs has led to the development of new designs.The aim of this report is to present a novel digital orthodontic prescription that aligns with the concept of a “full digital workflow”. This prescription utilizes a digital virtual configurator, enabling effective communication between the clinician, the technician and the patient.Using this prescription system, clinicians can easily configurate an orthodontic appliance before sending it to a dental technician for individualisation. 3D printing of the final design can then be performed directly within the dental office or by the technician. This approach allows the clinician to explore different orthodontic equipment options and modules, without the requirement for a demanding and sophisticated design process and without any knowledge of CAD. The availability of the present configurator might represent a fundamental advancement in the field of the CAD/CAM production of removable appliance linked to economic and ecological benefits.

3D-printed CAD/CAM complete dentures – Case report

Dentures are used to restore missing teeth and are traditionally fabricated using the lostwax technique. The flasking process is arduous, time-consuming, error-prone, and requires a skilled technician. The development of 3D printing technology has made rapid prototyping of dentures more feasible. This case report describes the functional rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient with complete dentures by a manufacturer-independent workflow with conventional clinical steps combined with computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and 3D printing technology. The result was 3D-printed complete dentures that were fully adapted, economical, and well-accepted by the patient.

Peptide S4 is an entry inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant socioeconomic burden, and combating COVID-19 is imperative. Blocking the SARS-CoV-2 RBD–ACE2 interaction is a promising therapeutic approach for viral infections, as SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptors of host cells via the RBD of spike proteins to infiltrate these cells. We used computer-aided drug design technology and cellular experiments to screen for peptide S4 with high affinity and specificity for the human ACE2 receptor through structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 interactions. Cellular experiments revealed that peptide S4 effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 viruses from infecting host cells and was safe for cells at effective concentrations. Based on these findings, peptide S4 may be a potential pharmaceutical agent for clinical application in the treatment of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Innovation and Digital Transformation in the Business Environment: A Case Study on Analyzing the Impact on Organizational Performance in a CAD Company

Abstract This article makes an exploratory attempt to study the impact of implementing a computer-aided design (CAD) system on a Romanian company. The firm has been established in 1998 and it is based on Baia Mare (Maramures), Romania. It is the commercial administrator of the CAD/CAM Technology Support Center. This center was a project initiated within the Maramureş Center for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), and it received funding from the PHARE FIDEL program, an European Funded program that supported at that time the development of SMEs). Using a multifaced approach encompassing semi-structural interviews and financial analysis data, the results show integration of innovative CAD technologies yields substantial gains for operational efficiency. For instance, most of the KPIs associated with production have improved: the time required to complete one cycle of production has decreased by 15%, from an average of 20 hours to 17 hours per unit and the efficient use of materials has increased by 10% resulting in cost savings. This research shows how Romanian companies can adopt CAD technologies and improve their activities.

Product Design Cost Estimation for Make-to-Order Industry: A Machine Learning Approach

This research addresses the need for accurate design cost estimation in the Make-To-Order (MTO) industry. The complexity of product customization is key to differentiation. While many studies focus on manufacturing cost estimation, few explore design cost estimation. To improve the accuracy of design cost estimation, this research proposes a new cost driver based on design features available in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) data. The design feature is analyzed to the actual industry cost using machine learning methods, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The cost drivers identified as significant consisted of twenty-six 3D CAD features and four 2D CAD features. The results showed that the ANN models outperformed the SVR models in correctly estimating product design costs, as evidenced by the high R2values in the training and testing phases. The proposed method allows early identification of cost drivers, a significant advantage at the order initiation stage when detailed design features are often ambiguous. The novelty of this research is the use of 3D CAD technology for cost estimation, which quantifies costs based on product design complexity, providing valuable insights into the impact of design adjustments on costs early in the design process. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-03-022 Full Text: PDF

FvOshC Is a Key Global Regulatory Target in Fusarium verticillioides for Fumonisin Biosynthesis and Disease Control.

Fusarium verticillioides has a substantial impact on maize production, commonly leading to maize ear rot and the production of fumonisin, a mycotoxin that poses health risks to both humans and animals. Currently, there is a lack of molecular targets for preventing the disease and controlling the toxin. The biological functions of oxysterol-binding proteins (OSBP) in filamentous fungi remain unclear. In this research, 7 oxysterol-binding protein-related proteins were identified in F. verticillioides, and these proteins were obtained through prokaryotic expression and purification. FvOshC was identified as the specific protein that binds to ergosterol through fluorescence titration. Gene knockout complementation techniques confirmed that FvOSHC plays a positive role, establishing it as a novel global regulatory protein involved in the pathogenicity and FB1 biosynthesis in F. verticillioides. Additionally, the interaction between FvOshC and FvSec14 was identified using yeast two-hybrid techniques. Moreover, computer-aided drug design technology was utilized to identify the receptor molecule Xanthatin based on FvOshC. The inhibitory effect of Xanthatin on the growth of F. verticillioides and the synthesis of FB1 was significantly demonstrated. These findings provide valuable insights that can aid in the management of mycotoxin pollution.

Harnessing CFD simulations and CAD design to optimize hydropower efficiency of a propeller turbine in the Maliringan River: acase study

This research focuses on improving hydropower production by designing a turbine for the MaliringanRiver in Kalimantan Selatan. The rotational speed and torque will be the focus of maximizing power generation. This research used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to understand how the fluid flows and how efficiently the turbine works. The simulations helped us see how the fluid flowed, the pressure differences, and the speed of the water inside the turbine. The software COMSOL Multiphysics imitates how the fluid behaves and interacts in real-life situations. The utilization of SOLIDWORKS played a crucial role in the turbine's design process, facilitating an accurate representation of the turbine's geometry and the subsequent fabrication of a prototype propeller turbine, featuring an outer diameter measuring 0.27 meters and an inner diameter measuring 0.113 meters. The methodology resulted in a power efficiency of 76.45%, showcasing the possibility of significant enhancements in the efficiency of hydropower generation. The broader ramifications of this study emphasize the feasibility of tailor-made turbines for local hydropower initiatives, thereby supporting Indonesia's renewable energy plan by providing sustainable and efficient energy alternatives. This study emphasizes the collaborative utilization of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and CFD technologies in the progression of turbine technology, thereby establishing a basis for future investigations in hydropower optimization.