Dentofacial deformities and their management in prosthodontic practice

Abstract

Dentofacial deformities encompass a wide range of skeletal and dental discrepancies that can significantly impact a patient's oral function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life. These deformities can arise from congenital, developmental, or acquired factors, each contributing to the complexity of diagnosis and treatment. Congenital conditions, such as cleft lip and palate and genetic syndromes, often result in significant craniofacial anomalies. Developmental disturbances, including hormonal imbalances and nutritional deficiencies, can further exacerbate these conditions. Additionally, trauma, infections, and neoplasms play a critical role in the etiology of acquired dentofacial deformities. Effective management of dentofacial deformities in prosthodontics requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating orthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and advanced prosthodontic techniques. Diagnostic advancements, including 3D imaging and digital workflows, facilitate precise planning and customization of prosthetic solutions. Orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery are pivotal in correcting skeletal discrepancies and establishing a stable foundation for prosthodontic rehabilitation. Post-surgical prosthodontic interventions involve the use of high-strength ceramics, zirconia, and biocompatible implant materials to restore dental function and aesthetics. Technological advancements have revolutionized prosthodontic practice. computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology allows for the accurate design and fabrication of prosthetic components, enhancing treatment predictability and efficiency. The development of minimally invasive techniques, such as guided implant surgery and laser applications, has reduced procedural invasiveness and improved patient outcomes. The integration of digital tools and advanced materials has significantly enhanced the precision, durability, and aesthetic quality of prosthetic restorations. Overall, the advances in prosthodontic techniques and materials have greatly improved the management of dentofacial deformities, offering patients better functional and aesthetic results. Continued innovation and research are essential to address the complex challenges associated with these deformities, ultimately enhancing patient care and outcomes in prosthodontic practice.