Compulsory Examination Research Articles

A Birthday Reflection on the History of NATS

Abstract: The official birthday year of the National Association of Teachers of Singing (NATS) is celebrated as 1944. The author discusses research about the beginnings of NATS some forty years earlier, as well as possible reasons for the hiatus between the early 1900s and NATS’ official birthday, including the heated debate about compulsory examinations that divided members at that time, led by two prominent pedagogues on opposite sides of the divide, Englishman Herman Klein and American Herbert Wilber Greene. Additionally, two new positions are announced: co-editor of the “Mindful Voice” column and the JOS internship.

О СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИИ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОГО ПОРЯДКА СОБИРАНИЯ ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬСТВ В КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫХ СЕТЯХ

This article is aimed at identifying such a problematic aspect as the procedural procedure for collect-ing evidentiary information in computer networks. The author considers some previously put forward scientific proposals aimed at resolving problematic issues regarding the conditions and procedure for conducting investigative actions for the purpose of visual perception and research of information placed on local and network electronic media, as well as in computer networks. The definition of compulsory examination of an information system located on electronic media outside the place of the investigative action is given. The list of current legislation and current regulatory legal acts aimed at regulating relations arising from the interaction of preliminary investigation bodies and telecom operators providing connection services to information and communication networks, as well as organizers of the dissemination of information on the Internet is given. Particular attention is paid to the problems and prospects of obtaining such criminally significant information as cookies. Their definition is given; the classification of the main types is given. The necessity of supplementing the com-position of the information to be stored by the organizer of the dissemination of information on the In-ternet for the purpose of preventing and combating crime in the Russian Federation is indicated.

Medical Students’ Attitudes toward Psychiatry at a Teaching Institute in North India: A Qualitative Pilot Study

Abstract Background: Medical students must embrace psychiatry and psychiatric illnesses with a positive outlook if we are to bridge the massive treatment gap for psychiatric illnesses. The opinions of medical students toward psychiatry have been investigated in several quantitative research carried out in India. Qualitative research is lacking, making it difficult to comprehend students’ perspectives. Hence, we created this qualitative study. Methods: We conducted online one-on-one in-depth interviews with three final-year students and two interns in this pilot study. The data were examined using content analysis. In addition, the most frequent codes were found using word cloud analysis. Results: Participants reported that students would get more knowledge about psychiatry if it is made a compulsory examination subject in the MBBS. Conclusion: The preliminary findings suggest that medical graduates mostly perceive psychiatry as a promising branch and feel that psychiatry as a branch will get its due importance if it is made a major subject in the medical curriculum.

Compulsory Examination of Homeschoolers in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia From the Perspective of Parents of Homeschooled Children

The research is focused on the issue of compulsory examination of homeschooled children in umbrella schools. Its aim was to find out which variables influence opinions of parents on the process of compulsory examination in an umbrella school and problems in compulsory examination. Pedagogical education of the parents, the number and the age of the homeschooled children do not influence the opinions of the parents on the problems in the compulsory examination in the umbrella school.

A CLINICAL CASE OF SECONDARY HYPERTENSION IN A 20-YEAR-OLD FEMALE WITH COARCTATION OF THE AORTA

Objective: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a curable cause of secondary hypertension. Patients with CoA and associated heart disease typically are diagnosed in childhood, while isolated CoA may not be recognized until adulthood. Design and method: We report a case of diagnosis and treatment of CoA in a young female, previously observed with a diagnosis of essential hypertension. Results: A 20 years old female, diagnosed with hypertension at the age of 18, with difficult control of blood pressure (BP) values under treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers and diuretics. The patient was referred to our clinic for evaluation. The clinical examination showed normal body development. BP on the left arm was 203/115 mm Hg, on the right arm - 206/115 mm Hg, normal heart sounds, 76 bpm. A systolic murmur was audible at the parasternal left area. BP on both legs was 140/90 mm Hg. There were no clinically significant abnormalities in other organs and systems. At transthoracic echocardiography we found the signs of a CoA, with a gradient of 80/32 mm Hg, and post-stenotic blood flow in the abdominal aorta. According to the computed tomography angiography signs of CoA in a typical place were confirmed as well as collateral blood flow through the dilated intercostal and mammary arteries. A week after admission to the hospital an operation of resecting the CoA, prosthetics of the arch and descending aorta, and transection of the aortopulmonary ligament was performed. The postoperative period was uneventful, the patient was discharged 10 days after the intervention with the recommendations of continuous administration of metoprolol 100 mg, torasemide 5 mg. At the 3–month follow–up visit the BP was stabilized at 130/80 mm Hg. Conclusions: This clinical case presented a rare isolated type of CoA and demonstrates the importance of qualitative examination of young patients with hypertension, including BP measurement on the lower extremities and transthoracic echocardiography with a compulsory examination of the aorta.

Introduction: prostitution in twentieth century Europe

ABSTRACT Despite the proliferation of diverse historical research on commercial sex in recent years and the recognition of the continued political salience of the topic, prostitution has remained on the margins of the historiography of Europe. This special issue seeks to shift prostitution into the very centre of European history. With its wide geographical focus from Italy to the USSR via Sweden, Germany, occupied Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, as well as the international stage of the United Nations, this issue encourages comparative perspectives, which have the potential to question, deconstruct and re-adjust distinctions between western, eastern, northern and southern European historical experiences. Historiography on prostitution in Europe has predominantly focused on state-regulated prostitution,which was the dominant approach to managing commercial sex in Europe in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. State regulation combined police surveillance, the registration of women selling sex (or suspected of doing so), and compulsory medical examinations for registered women, as well as various restrictions on personal movement and freedom. The articles in this issue shift focus onto the decades after the abolition of state-regulated prostitution to examine the ruptures and continuities in state, administrative and policing practices following the end of widespread legal toleration. The varied chronology extends the parameters of existing historiography and explores how states grappled to understand, or impose control over, the commercial sex industry following the far-reaching social, economic and political upheaval of the Second World War. In this introduction, the editors sketch out key trends in state approaches to commercial sex in twentieth century Europe, focusing specifically on the law, policing practices and the gendered politics of labour.

Концепция психофизиологического обследования персонала объектов использования атомной энергии в медицинских организациях

Ensuring safety of the facilities employing radiation and nuclear hazardous technologies is a priority task for medical organizations serving these facilities. To perform safely at their jobs, it is important for the personnel of nuclear facilities (NF) to have their central nervous systems functioning flawlessly. Certain categories of nuclear industry workers are required to undergo compulsory annual medical examinations (ME) and psychophysiological examinations. This study aimed to develop a concept of psychophysiological examination of NF personnel allowing to assess the central nervous system's functional status. The study involved three groups of nuclear corporation employees (male) counting 720, 364 and 24 people aged from 46 ± 5.3 to 49 ± 6.1 years. The report describes the suggested concept of psychophysiological examination of the specified category of workers, discusses goals, objectives and the procedure of such an examination at all stages of compulsory ME, covers the developed hardware and software sets. The proposed methodological approach is evaluated through consideration of the results of psychophysiological examination of the specified category of workers.

On the Role of Parliament in the Constitutionalization of Criminal Law

The Parliament acts as the primary subject of constitutionalization of the criminal law, ensuring the adoption of normative acts, which in their content reliably reflect and fully embody the norms and values of the country’s Constitution. This requires parliamentarians to work hard on a preliminary constitutional review of drafted and adopted criminal laws. At the same time, an analysis of the practice of legislative activity shows that such a check is either not carried out, or is carried out purely formally. In this regard, the issue of introducing into parliamentary practice the institution of compulsory legal examination of laws that affect the rights and freedoms of citizens is being actualized. Legal examination of criminal law bills requires that experts have deep and special legal knowledge in the field of constitutional and criminal law, criminology and criminal policy, international and humanitarian law. However, the legal examination of the draft law cannot be perceived as an unequivocal decision on its constitutionality.

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПРИМУСОВОЇ ФОРМИ ОСВІДУВАННЯ НЕПОВНОЛІТНЬОГО ПІДОЗРЮВАНОГО

The article is devoted to the study of such an investigative (investigative) action as an examination carried out in a coercive form against a minor suspect. The national and international legislation in the field of protection of the rights of children who have committed a crime and the peculiarities of criminal proceedings with such a vulnerable category are analyzed. It is noted that the current provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine do not contain a regulated procedure for compulsory examination of a juvenile suspect. Such non-determination of the legal norm presupposes the investigator to conduct a compulsory examination at his own discretion, which sometimes significantly violates the rights of children. Attention is drawn to the views of scientists on the feasibility, legality and admissibility of investigative (search) action in the form of compulsory examination. It has been established that scientists have different opinions about the need to conduct a survey in a coercive form. Scientists distinguish such concepts as “psychological” and “physical” coercion during the survey. It is proposed to reduce the psychological pressure on a person subject to compulsory examination by persuasion and work with a psychologist, which is especially relevant for a juvenile suspect. As a result of the research, it was established that the legal regulation of compulsory examination of a juvenile suspect should be conditioned by the principle of proportionality. Given the principle of proportionality and vulnerability of the procedural position of a juvenile suspect, his psychological and social immaturity, it was concluded that the use of coercion during the examination of a juvenile suspect is better dependent on the severity of the criminal offense in which the juvenile is suspected. In order to improve the procedural situation of a juvenile in the field of criminal justice, it is proposed to amend the national legislation on the compulsory examination of a juvenile suspect, witness or victim only in criminal proceedings for serious or particularly serious crimes.

Height as a risk factor in meningioma: a study of 2 million Israeli adolescents

BackgroundMeningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Potential risk factors include obesity, height, history of allergy/atopy, and autoimmune diseases, but findings are conflicting. This study sought to assess the role of the different risk factors in the development of meningioma in adolescents/young adults.MethodsThe cohort included 2,035,915 Jewish men and women who had undergone compulsory physical examination between 1967 and 2011, at age 16 to 19 years, prior to and independent of actual military enlistment. To determine the incidence of meningioma, the military database was matched with the Israel National Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios for meningioma according to sex, body mass index (BMI), height, and history of allergic or autoimmune disease.ResultsA total of 480 subjects (328 females) were diagnosed with meningioma during a follow-up of 40,304,078 person-years. Median age at diagnosis was 42.1 ± 9.4 years (range 17.4–62.6). On univariate analysis, female sex (p < 0.01) and height (p < 0.01) were associated with risk of meningioma. When the data were stratified by sex, height remained a significant factor only in men. Spline analysis of the male subjects showed that a height of 1.62 m was associated with a minimum disease risk and a height of 1.85+ meters, with a significant risk.ConclusionsThis large population study showed that sex and adolescent height in males (> 1.85 m) were associated with an increased risk of meningioma in adulthood.

The views and experiences of Grade 10 Life Scinces teachers on the compulsory practical examination

The views and experiences of Grade 10 Life Scinces teachers on the compulsory practical examination

The role of compulsory periodical medical examination in employee’s dental health maintenance

The analysis of the appealability for the rehabilitation of the oral cavity of staff subject to mandatory periodic examinations at the dentist. The growth of indicators characterizing the dental activity of employees was noted. Subject to the principle of continuity, annual mandatory periodic examinations can be one of the factors in maintaining the dental health of employees.

Digital biomicroscopy system of compulsory preliminary and periodic medical examinations

The effectiveness of digital eye biomicroscopy in the system of mandatory, preliminary and periodic medical examinations was investigated. Proved highly informative method, the possibility of archiving, data transfer, use of Statistical methods that can be used both for the purpose of diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases.

Nutritional Attitudes among Seamen

This study on shipboard life and work summarizes the extremely limited research findings on food and diet. We analyzed descriptive statistics results using the 2003 and 2007 Lithuanian seamen’s lifestyle survey to determine the food habits and nutritional attitudes at sea. Survey object was the changes in Lithuanian seamen’s eating habits during a four year period (2003–2007. Survey objectives were to determine changes in seamen eating habits (1), to examine seamen eating habits (2). Survey methodology: Every seaman who needed compulsory health examination was given a questionnaire. The methodology was parallel to the 1st survey’s methodology (2003) and was more thoroughly explained in previous articles. All the seamen that had worked for at least one voyage, despite age, had equal rights to participate in the study. 932 Lithuanian male seamen (20 to 69 of age) who had their health examined in Klaipeda “Seamen’s” hospital participated in the study. Their average age was 40.0 (SD 11.7). The questionnaire was computerized, the data was assessed using data bank crated with Microsoft access that contained data from the first survey (2003). The three food habit scores were used measuring the frequency of consuming sugar, fat, and fibre amongst the maritime group. The perceptions the seamen had about their own diet were examined by asking about consumption of fruit and vegetables as a marker of the quality of their diet: 5.3% perceived their diet as excellent, 23.8% as very good, 42.4% as good, 25.7% as fair and only 7.7% as poor. Results: The data indicated a significantly higher consumption of sugar and fat at sea compared with ashore. Overall, when contrasting seafaring groups, significant differences existed in nutrition attitudes. Management and auxiliary sectors members rated nutrition as less relevant to their health than mechanical ship service and deck crew members. The total maritime group demonstrated a tendency of individuals to try new foods. There were no significant differences in this nutritional dimension between maritime groups. Each of the occupational groups held similar beliefs about the importance of nutrition. Conclusions: the survey showed that seamen’s eating became healthier in 2007 compared to 2003 survey results, however consumption of fruit and vegetables remained below the level recommended by WHO. Seamen used less vegetables and fruit while at sea than when at home. On average, seamen used more sugar and fat while at sea. All the seamen groups acknowledged the importance of eating for health and were open to new food suggestions.Keywords: seamen’s, nutrition, diet, ashore, at sea.

Associations of Fish Oil Supplement Use With Testicular Function in Young Men

Many young men have poor semen quality, and the causes are often unknown. Supplement intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid has been found to improve semen quality among men with infertility, but the association with semen quality among healthy men is unknown. To determine if intake of ω-3 fatty acid supplements is associated with testicular function as measured by semen quality and reproductive hormone levels among healthy men. This cross-sectional study included young Danish men from the general population recruited between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, at compulsory examinations to determine their fitness for military service. Young unselected men were approached after the examination and invited to participate in a study of reproductive function, regardless of their fitness for military service. Data analysis was conducted from September 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019. Intake of supplements, including fish oil, during the past 3 months. Semen quality, measured as volume, concentration, total sperm count, percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa, and motility, and serum reproductive hormone levels, measured as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, free testosterone, and inhibin B levels. Among 1679 young Danish men (median [interquartile range] age, 18.9 [18.7-19.4] years) recruited to participate, 98 men (5.8%) reported use of fish oil supplements during the past 3 months, of whom 53 (54.1%) reported intake on 60 or more days. After adjustment and compared with men with no supplement intake, men with fish oil supplement intake on fewer than 60 days had semen volume that was 0.38 (95% CI, -0.03 to 0.80) mL higher, and men with fish oil supplement intake on 60 or more days had semen volume that was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.15 to 1.12) mL higher (P for trend < .001). Similarly, testicular size in men with supplement intake on fewer than 60 days was 0.8 (95% CI, -0.2 to 1.9) mL larger and in men with fish oil supplement intake on 60 or more days was 1.5 (95% CI, 0.2 to 2.8) mL larger compared with men with no supplement intake (P for trend = .007). After adjustment, men with fish oil supplement intake had a 20% (95% CI, 9%-31%) lower follicle-stimulating hormone level and 16% (95% CI, 8%-24%) lower luteinizing hormone level compared with men with no supplement intake. There were no associations of intake of other supplements with measures of testicular function. These findings suggest that intake of fish oil supplements was associated with better testicular function, which is less likely to be due to confounding by indication, as no associations of intake of other supplements with testicular function were found. This cross-sectional study did not examine the actual content of ω-3 fatty acids in the supplements; therefore, these findings need confirmation in well-designed randomized clinical trials among unselected men.

Недобровольное медицинское вмешательство: опыт судебного санкционирования

We analyze the features of the legal regulation of the issues of providing medical care in an involuntary manner in connection with infectious diseases that pose a danger to society. We formulate the grounds for compulsory application of medical interventions to people with or suspected of having COVID-19. We substantiate the need for involuntary use of various types of medical intervention in situations of mass spread of dangerous infectious diseases. We propose a mechanism for compulsory implementation of medical intervention measures, which involves mandatory judicial control over the legality, necessity and proportionality of their application. It is sub-stantiated that in an epidemic or pandemic, all medical interventions that are authorized to use by health care professionals should be supported by an en-forcement mechanism. In addition, we assume that the court can authorize not only compulsory hospitalization, which is currently explicitly specified in the legislation, but also compulsory medical examination (inspection), re-strictive quarantine measures (isolation), preventive vaccination in a situation of infectious diseases mass spread. We justify the possible allocation of a single section in the Code of Administrative Judicial Procedure of the Russian Federation on judicial control over various types of involuntary medical intervention.

Atypical Renal Cysts: Is MRI a Compulsory Examination in 2020 before Therapeutic Management?

Introduction: Kidney cancer represents 2% to 3% of malignant tumors, with an incidence of 5.8/100,000 in Western countries, a very specific subgroup of renal tumors that are cystic tumors. In fact, almost 50% of the population over 50 has a renal cyst. Materials and Methods: The objective of this study is to establish a correlation between the preoperative Bosniak score and the postoperative anatomopathological analysis in order to answer this question, the use of contrast ultrasound or MRI should be systematically performed before an atypical renal cyst? This is a retrospective study of 50 patients treated for renal cysts between January 2010 and March 2016. All patients have an abdominopelvic ultrasound and an abdominal scanner. Cysts have been classified according to the Bosniak classification. We treated our patients based on the radiological examination urocsanner and we classified our patients according to the classification of Bosniak, and uro MRI was performed in cases of atypical cysts or diagnostic doubt before considering a therapeutic attituderding to the classification of Bosniak. Results: In our work, the Uro MRI was sharper for atypical cysts (type IIF and Type III cyst) with sensitivity greater than that of the scanner but with a specificity similar to that of the scanner. And therefore be a key examination in the atypical kidney cysts. Conclusions: URO MRI is currently in 2020 a key examination of atypical bonsiak IIf and III cysts before management of the therapeutic load.

Ograniczenia konstytucyjnej zasady poszanowania i ochrony wolności człowieka w zakresie udzielania świadczeń zdrowotnych

&lt;p&gt;Konstytucyjna zasada poszanowania i ochrony wolności człowieka nie ma charakteru absolutnego i może doznawać ograniczeń. Konieczność ochrony zdrowia publicznego uzasadnia wprowadzanie ustawowych ograniczeń związanych z udzielaniem świadczeń zdrowotnych i dotyczy przede wszystkim zasady działania lekarza na podstawie uświadomionej zgody pacjenta. W artykule przeanalizowane zostaną sytuacje które stanowią wyjątek od tej zasady, a mianowicie: „stany medycznej konieczności”, przymus badania wobec osób dotkniętych zaburzeniami psychicznymi, przymusowe postępowanie psychiatryczne, przymusowe leczenie uzależnień, przymusowe leczenie chorób zakaźnych. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Physical integrity and latest legislative changes in Albania

In 2016 Albania went through a major justice reform which provided legislative changes to the already existing institutions, established new ones and sought to improve the procedural guarantees of the accused in criminal trials. While the Albanian Code of Criminal Procedure prior to the changes did not provide for biological evidence or a medical intervention in the course of a criminal investigation, the new legislative changes introduced the concepts of biological evidence and the compulsory physical examination as part of tools in search of the evidence. Even though the draft amendments to the previous Albanian Code of Criminal procedure recognized the problems encountered in practice during the collection of biological evidence vis à vis individual’s rights to personal integrity and dignity, the application of newly introduced and enacted provisions remains still unclear and raises concerns, not only regarding the possible arbitrary use of such tools by law enforcement authorities, but also on the possible conflicts that can arise from the application of such procedures by medical examiners and physicians and the fundamental rights of the person under examination or undergoing the medical procedure/intervention.

EVOLUTION OF NORMATIVE REGULATION OF MEDICAL EXAMINATION

The article analyzes the development of the regulatory framework of the institution of certification, starting with the Lithuanian charters to the present day. It is noted that at various historical stages, the definition of the content of the medical examination as a means of obtaining information about the crime and the person who committed it was approached in different ways, but it was always considered in connection with the examination. This emphasizes the affinity of the methods that were used during the examination and medical examination. The specificity of the examination was determined by the subject of inspection – the body of a living person. Sometimes examination was called inspection of objects and a corpse, and in some cases, the tasks of the examination included determining the state of the human body, its age, etc. Analysis of the regulatory regulation of the examination at various stages shows that standards have always been provided to ensure the rights and interests of the person being examined. In the first place, this concerned the examination of persons of a different gender than the investigator, referred to persons who could carry it out, in order to protect the honor and dignity of the person being examined. The article analyzes the legislation of different periods in the history of the USSR and some countries that emerged after its collapse in terms of the purpose of the medical examination. It is noted that the purpose of certification in the Code of Criminal Procedure of these states is not determined equally. In some, as in Ukraine, the goal is to establish on the human body traces of crime and special signs. In others, the objectives of the examination include the establishment of a state of intoxication or other properties that are relevant to the criminal case. Article examines the issue of the possibility of compulsory examination of the person; the opinions of various groups of authors and their justification are given; Additional arguments are given about the necessity and possibility of compulsory examination of a suspect, victim, witness who refuse to voluntarily pass it, after using the available means and methods of persuasion. Attention is drawn to the fact that the investigator or the prosecutor should not be deprived of the opportunity to establish the truth and protect the rights and interests of the victim of the crime, due to the fact that for some reason he does not want this. Key words: examination, regulation, subject of examination, human properties.