Compressive Strength Research Articles

Effect of Prewetting Cenospheres on Hydration Kinetics, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Refractory Castables

This study investigated the effect of non-prewetted and prewetted cenospheres (CSs) on the hydration course and physical and mechanical properties of refractory castable mixtures incorporated with nano silica (NS). The fixed amount of 0.1% of NS improves the compressive strength of the refractory castable, containing various proportions of non-prewetted and prewetted CSs (up to 25% in composition). It was found that an increase in CSs slows down the hydration of cement and the early structure formation of refractory castable mixtures. Proportionally, due to the increase in the amount of non-prewetted and prewetted CSs in the composition, the density of the samples decreases from 1875 kg/m3 to 1310 kg/m3 after firing. The amount of CSs varied from 15 to 25% in the composition, increasing compressive strength by up to 5.3% and 8.6% in the case of non-prewetted CSs and by up to 39.2% and 20.5% in the case of prewetted CSs after the drying process. Prewetting CSs provides additional internal water that facilitates cement hydration during drying, promoting the formation of stratlingite (C2ASH8), a key hydration product that enhances mechanical properties after firing and promotes the early formation of anorthite. The firing at 800 °C and 1100 °C temperatures decreases compressive strength to a greater extent, as more CSs are in the composition. However, prewetting of CSs leads to significantly less deterioration (up to 32%, compared to compositions with non-prewetted CSs) in the compressive strength of refractory castables. The shrinkage of the refractory castable samples after firing at 1100 °C reached 0.16% in the case of non-prewetted CSs and 0.1% in the case of prewetted CSs. Prewetted CSs in refractory castables relaxes the stresses arising during firing more efficiently and practically compensates for shrinkage processes.

Sustainable Utilization of Dewatering Sludge for the Development of Reinforcement Grouting Materials in Downhole Applications

The mining and processing of coal resources generate substantial coal-based solid wastes, such as coal gangue and slag, which pose environmental challenges, occupy land, and are difficult to manage. However, utilizing these wastes for the stabilization and solidification (S/S) of municipal sludge containing chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) offers an effective solution for mitigating environmental and groundwater pollution while enabling sustainable waste treatment and resource utilization. This study applied an alkali-activated coal gangue–S95 granulated blast furnace slag-based binder (CGS) to the S/S treatment of municipal sludge. The effects of the liquid-to-solid ratio, alkali activator dosage, sludge content, and incineration on compressive strength and the leaching of Cr and Ni were analyzed. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with increases in the sludge content and liquid-to-solid ratio, while incinerated sludge (ESA) samples exhibited better strength than raw sludge (ES). Incineration decomposed the calcite (CaCO3) into CaO, which facilitated the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and increased Cr leaching in the ESA. However, the ESA samples demonstrated superior heavy metal stabilization, as CGS reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and immobilized it through the formation of chromite phases. Using ESA as a binder in CGS provides a safe, efficient approach for resource recovery and heavy metal stabilization, offering a novel solution for the environmental management and utilization of coal-based solid wastes.

Study of mechanical properties of Al-based hybrid nanocomposites reinforced with MoS2 nanoflakes and graphite nanoplatelets: an investigation of the synergistic effect

In the present study, Al-based hybrid nanocomposites were developed by powder metallurgy technique using binary hybrid nanofillers consisting of exfoliated MoS2 and GnP as nanofillers. The impact of the MoS2-GnP hybrid nanofiller on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of the Al-based hybrid nanocomposites have been studied. Initially, bulk MoS2 was exfoliated by milling in a high energy planetary ball mill for 30 h and the GnP was synthesized by subjecting the graphite intercalation compound to a thermal shock and subsequently ultrasonicating the thermally exfoliated GnP. The effective exfoliation and structural refinement of both MoS2 and GnP have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Exfoliated MoS2 and GnP were later blended in different ratios of their weight fraction by ultrasonication in an acetone medium. The Al matrix was then reinforced with the various binary hybrid nanofillers consisting of MoS2 and GnP. Wear analysis revealed mechanisms such as abrasion, adhesion, ploughing, delamination, microcracks, deep grooves, and nanofiller pullout in the case of all the nanocomposites. The Al-1 wt.% MoS2(0.3)GnP(0.7) nanocomposite shows superior properties, including the highest relative density (~93.15%), hardness (~476.28 MPa), compressive strength (~337.76 MPa) and outstanding wear resistance among all the Al-MoS2-GnP nanocomposites. Notably, it was observed that straying from the optimal reinforcement loading level can have a detrimental effect on the physical, mechanical, and wear properties of the nanocomposites, resulting in diminished performance and reduced material integrity. The significant improvement in the wear properties of the Al-1 wt.% MoS2(0.3)GnP(0.7) nanocomposite can be attributed to the self-lubricating properties of MoS2 and GnP.

Salvadora persica nanoparticles effect on the specific properties of a bio-composite dental material

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of dental material containing nanoparticles of the extract of S. persica against Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus mutans and Haemophilus influenza, and to examine their triboligical and mechanical properties. The specific properties of flowable dental material containing different percentage of the extract are investigated using the below different kinds of tests: - Antibacterial activity (including agar diffusion test), - Tribological behavior (including a pin-on-disk tribometer, surface profilometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), - Mechanical behavior (including compressive strength, bending strength and bending modulus). The agar diffusion test reveals significant difference between the samples, whereas the antibacterial one demonstrates that the bacterial growth is diminished by increasing the nanoparticle content. The bending strength and the bending modulus remain unchanged by a 10% incorporation of the nanoparticles while the compressive strength increases significantly. The extract containing resins show higher wear resistance. The production of dental material with antibacterial activity, with suitable wear resistance, and particularly without any significant sacrificing effect on the mechanical properties is practically desirable in dental material science.

Triply periodic minimal surfaces for thermo-mechanical protection

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) metamaterials show promise for thermal management systems but are challenging to integrate into existing packaging with strict mechanical requirements. Composite TPMS lattices may offer more control over thermal and mechanical properties through material and geometric tuning. Here, we fabricate copper-plated, 3D-printed triply periodic minimal surface primitive lattices and evaluate their suitability for battery thermal management systems. We measure the effects of lattice geometry and copper thickness on pressure drop, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity. The lattices as internal filling structures in a multichannel cold plate exhibited pressure drops under 6.5 kPa at a 1 LPM flow rate. Pressure drop decreased when the number of channels (width of the cold plate) was increased. With a 0.43% copper volume loading, the lattice more than tripled in thermal conductivity but still retained a polymer-like compliance. A higher lattice relative density did not affect the thermal conductivity but caused a higher elastic modulus and compressive strength, and a stiffer cyclic loading response. The lattice design demonstrates that the structural parameters that control pressure drop, mechanical, and thermal conductivity can be decoupled, which can be used to achieve a wide range of disparate properties in complex multiphysics systems.

An Experimental Study on Foam Concrete By Partial Replacement of Cement using Rice Husk Ash and Silica Fumes

A type of lightweight aerated concrete called foam concrete lacks coarse particles, making it comparable to aerated mortar. Foam concrete is created when slurry and pre-formed foam are combined. The foam's job is to create air pockets in the slurry made of cement. The foam is made separately with a foam generator by diluting the foaming ingredient with water and aerating it. The slurry forms a shell surrounding the bubbles of foam, and as the foam begins to break down, the paste's strength keeps it in place around the air holes. The ratio of water to cement (w/c) typically varies from 0.4 to 1.25. As the quantity decreases, the foam concrete mixture becomes excessively rigid, which breaks the bubbles, However, when the combination's water content increases, it becomes too thin to support the bubbles, which causes the bubbles to separate from the mixture. You can make foam concrete with any dry density between 300 and 1850 kg/m3. In this experiment, there are two foam concrete mixtures created using silica fumes and rice husk ash, and efforts have been produced to choose the foam concrete mix's proportions. A collection of 36 cube specimens is created and subjected to mixture testing. Following this, their actual state (density) and particular structural (compressive strength) qualities are examined, with the findings being reported. Important terms: Foam Concrete, Foaming Agent, Rice Husk Ash, Silica Fumes, Density.

Regolith-Rich PEEK Composite Bricks: Steps Towards Space-Ready Lunar Construction Materials

This study introduces a novel composite construction material composed of lunar regolith combined with PEEK in dry powder form. The work demonstrates significant advantages over alternative methods, primarily by reducing production power consumption and simplifying the manufacturing process. Building on previous research that explored binder optimization through process simplification and targeting predefined shapes, this work delves deeper into a comparative analysis of high-performance thermoplastics. Among the various options, PEEK demonstrates the most favorable properties. The study investigates key processing parameters and evaluates the effects of vacuum processing and temperature testing on mechanical properties. The research also evaluates the effects of vacuum processing and temperature testing to assess the material’s performance under lunar conditions. Comparative analysis is performed with standard performance of various reinforced and unreinforced concretes and with standard requirements for construction bricks as per ASTM standards. This shows that the composite, with an organic binder content as low as 5 wt%, has great potential. Notably, the improvements achieved through vacuum curing ensure compliance with lunar environmental conditions and alignment with most Earth-based engineering standards. Samples compacted at 7.50 MPa with 10 wt% binder, and tested at room temperature, achieve a compression strength of 16.3 MPa, exceeding that of industrial floor bricks and matching that of building bricks used on Earth. Bending strength (7.4 MPa) aligns with steel fiber-reinforced and high-strength concretes. Vacuum curing further enhances these properties, with an observed increase of +66% in bending strength and +33% in compression strength.

Preparation and mechanical performance of fluorite tailings geopolymer precursor under alkaline heat activation

As one of the bulk solid wastes in the Yellow River basin in China, fluorite tailings urgently need to be utilized as resources. In this paper, NaOH and Na2CO3 were used for alkali thermal activation of ground fluorite tailings under different temperature conditions, and the reactivity was analyzed by XRD, SEM and compressive strength after hydration, so as to evaluate the feasibility of fluorite tailings as geopolymer precursor. The results show that the fluorite tailings can exhibit certain reactivity under alkaline heat excitation, and significant amorphous glass phase can be detected. The better heat excitation temperature is 1000 °C, while there is not enough amorphous glass phase for hydration reaction at the lower or higher temperature. The compressive strength of the tailings harden paste can reach 7.2 MPa at 28d after excitation with 50%NaOH at 1000 °C, which is expected to be used as geopolymer precursor after excitation.

Comparative Study of Gradient Polymer Composite and Blend Polymer Composite for Ultra‐Precision Machine Tools

ABSTRACTExhibiting excellent mechanical properties and exceptional vibration reduction performance, polymer composite (PC) has garnered significant research interest in various industries, particularly in ultra‐precision machining (UPM) machine tool beds. UPM machine tools have a stringent requirement on the comprehensive performance of the bed materials. Specially, the materials of machine tool bed must possess both high mechanical properties and outstanding damping characteristics. However, a major obstacle hindering the widespread adoption of PC in UPM machine tool beds is the difficulty in achieving optimal mechanical properties and vibration reduction simultaneously with the same material composition and curing process conditions. In this study, the effect of various particulates on the mechanical strength, loss factor and the average thermal expansion coefficient of PC were systematically investigated. The experimental findings revealed that the compressive strength of PC improved by the incorporation of particulates. Nevertheless, the flexural strength and tensile strength of PC display an inverse variation. Subsequently, gradient PC and compound PC were designed based on the aforementioned results to achieve the best overall properties for the machine tool bed material. The experimental results highlighted that the left and right tri‐gradients materials (L‐R‐3) exhibited the outstanding comprehensive performance. Moreover, this study provides beneficial information to improve the comprehensive properties of PC. Furthermore, it is of great significance to improve machining accuracy of UPM and increase the machining stability of UPM.

Predicting coefficient of volume compressibility of fine-grained soils using appropriate soil type and soil state parameters

Predicting the coefficient of volume compressibility (mv) would help a field engineer to make a quick estimate of the soil compressibility. The multiple correlations suggested by various researchers as available in the literature indicate the importance of predicting the mv of soil. The existing correlations as available in literature either use soil state (in the form of SPT N-value or unconfined compressive strength or natural water content) or soil type (in the form of plasticity properties). However, using both soil type and soil state parameters in developing any prediction equation would be more reliable. To overcome this limitation of existing correlation equations to predict mv, a simple and reliable method that can be universally applied with appropriate soil type parameter represented by the Shrinkage Index (Liquid Limit-Shrinkage Limit) and soil state parameter represented by standardized SPT N60 has been proposed. This model is designed to be universally applicable, serving as a valuable tool for practicing engineers and researchers to predict mv.

The Use of Reinforced Concrete for Durable and Aesthetic Sports and Recreational Sports

This study focuses on the design and construction of durable recreational seating using reinforced concrete, addressing the limitations of traditional materials such as wood and metal, which are prone to environmental degradation and high maintenance costs. Reinforced concrete is known for its durability, strength, and resistance to harsh weather conditions, making it an ideal material for public seating in outdoor environments. Several key tests were conducted to assess the performance of the concrete mix used in this project. Sieve analysis confirmed that the fine and coarse aggregates were well-graded, ensuring optimal compaction and strength. The slump test,conducted with a water-cement ratio of 0.6, produced a slump value of 150 mm, indicating medium workability. This level of workability is suitable for concrete that requires easy placement and proper compaction without segregation or excessive bleeding. The compressive strength test at 7 days yielded a compressive strength of 15.81 MPa, demonstrating the early strength development of the concrete. However, compressive strength results for the 14-day and 28-day tests are still pending, as the remaining cubes are currently in the curing tank. These results will provide further insights into the long-term strength and performance of the concrete once the curing process is completed. Preliminary findings suggest that reinforced concrete is an excellent choice for recreational seating due to its ability to provide long-lasting durability and reduced maintenance. The combination of well-graded aggregates, an optimal water-cement ratio, and promising early compressive strength indicates that this material will perform well under both static and dynamic loads typically encountered in public seating.

Effects of different lengths and doses of raw and treated sisal fibers in the cement composite material

Sisal fiber moisture sensitivity and degradation are treated by alkaline and pozzolanic methods, such as silica fume and kaolin surface coating. However, it is novel that the treatment of sisal fiber by calcined bentonite slurry can coat sisal fiber from moisture and protect it from cement hydration by consuming free lime and reducing cement matrix alkalinity. Therefore, the present study treated sisal fibers with calcined bentonite slurry and investigated the effect of using different lengths and doses of treated and raw sisal fibers in a mortar. The results indicate that the treatment of sisal fiber with bentonite slurry improved the roughness of the fiber, reduced fresh bulk density, improved resistance in acid, salt, and alkaline conditions, and increased compressive and flexural strength at 28 and 56 days compared to the control mixture and raw sisal fiber-employed mortar. Therefore, TS1L10 improved compressive strength by 30.62% and 1.8% at 28 and 56 days, respectively. Also, TS1L10 enhanced strength and residual strength in 5% HCl by 54.54% and 72.25%, respectively, compared to the control mixture at 56 days. Generally, the present study revealed the importance of calcined bentonite-treated sisal fibers in a mortar mixture for improved durability, physical and mechanical properties.

Optimizing design and stability of open pit slopes in Tolay coal mine, Ethiopia

Coal is a critical energy resource for global industries, and its extraction from open-pit mines requires effective slope stability management to ensure safe and efficient operations. This study evaluates the slope stability of the Tolay open-pit coal mine in Ethiopia, located in the Jimma zone, where geological conditions, including basalt, mudstone, and weathered soil layers, influence slope behaviour. The primary objective was to assess slope stability and recommend optimization strategies for safer mining. Geological mapping, discontinuity analysis, Schmidt hammer tests for uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and laboratory testing of soil samples were performed to assess material properties. Stability was evaluated using Limit Equilibrium Methods (LEM) with Slide software and Finite Element Methods (FEM) using Phase2. Geological surveys revealed mudstone, siltstone, and claystone layers up to 39 m deep, with a 10 m coal seam. The results showed instability in most slope benches, with Factor of Safety (FOS) values between 0.220 and 0.430, indicating the need for reinforcement. Bench 4 showed relative stability, with FOS values of 1.228 to 1.487. Reducing the slope angle from 70° to 26° increased the FOS from 0.322 to 1.373, significantly improving stability. This study emphasizes the importance of optimizing slope geometry, particularly slope angle and bench height, to enhance mine safety and operational efficiency.

High‐Performance PLA Foam Blocks Prepared From Beads Modified by Chain Extension and Heterogeneous Nucleation

ABSTRACTSupercritical CO₂ foaming effectively forms a uniform cellular structure in polylactic acid (PLA) beads by utilizing the high diffusion rate and solubility of CO₂ in polymers. In this study, PLA beads are modified with a chain extender (CE) composed of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate, while thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) serves as a heterogeneous nucleating agent. After being foamed with supercritical CO, the modified PLA beads are compression molded into foam blocks. The volume expansion ratio of PLA/TPU/CE foams increases by 12.5‐fold, and the resulting foam blocks exhibit a high compressive modulus of 21 MPa. The enhanced compressive strength results from the synergistic effects of chain extension and heterogeneous nucleation, which enhance the material's cellular structure and internal crosslinking. This study offers an effective strategy to enhance the compressive properties of PLA foam blocks, expanding their applications in high‐performance industries. In addition, the use of eco‐friendly PLA and the potential for scalable production make this approach a promising alternative for sustainable materials.

Influence of biochar on drying shrinkage and microstructure of CO2-cured CaSiO3 cements

This article examines the effect of biochar on the properties of carbonated wollastonite pastes. Phase composition and microstructure were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and x-ray microcomputed tomography. The results showed a higher compressive strength in the carbonated pastes with biochar compared to the control paste. This is attributed to the internal curing effect of the biochar, which results in pore structure refinement. Biochar was shown to effectively reduce drying shrinkage in the carbonated pastes, which in turn resulted in decreased drying shrinkage induced cracking. The CaCO3 content was shown to be dependent on the concentration of biochar as the paste with 2% biochar showed a lower and the paste with 4% biochar showed a higher CaCO3 compared to the control paste. Calcite was shown to comprise the primary polymorph of CaCO3 in the carbonated pastes with and without biochar.

Modeling Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Bida Natural Stones as Coarse Aggregate

This paper presents the results of statistical models for the mechanical properties of concrete made using Bida natural stones (pebbles) as coarse aggregate. Fresh and hardened concrete properties were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The research employed central composite design using three (3) independent variables with equivalent ranges as Water to Cement ratio (W/C) = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, Coarse Aggregate to Total Aggregate ratio (CA/TA) = 0.55, 0.615, 0.68 and Total Aggregate to Cement ratio (TA/C) = 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0. Minitab 14 (2004) selected 20 possible mix proportions for the experiment. The concrete specimens that were used for this research work include 150mm x 150mm x 150mm concrete cube, Ø150mm x 300mm concrete cylinder and 100mm x 100mm x 500mm concrete prism for compressive strength, elastic modulus/splitting tensile strength and flexural strength respectively. For each mix, five numbers of specimens were cast and cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28days. The twenty-eight days measured responses were used to develop models for the mechanical properties. Statistical and experimental model validations were employed. The p-value for all individual terms were less than 0.05, p-values for lack of fit were also greater than 0.05 in all cases tested, coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2) were in the range of 89.7% to 100% for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, and slump respectively which indicated adequate model validity. The predicted responses closely agree with experimental values, this further confirms the validity of the models developed. The study therefore suggested interaction, pure quadratic, reduced full quadratic, interaction models for the mechanical properties and slump respectively for the concrete made using Bida natural stones as coarse aggregate. The concrete with mix constituent mentioned above can be used for structural application such as reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns and foundations.

Optimizing Soil Performance: Using Cement Kiln Dust along with Polymer Integration for Soil Stabilization

The present study explores contaminated soil collected from solid dump yard and its treatment with cement kiln dust in combination with epoxy liquid polymer. The study explores the improvement in mechanical and geotechnical characteristics of stabilized soil’s properties by adding Cement kiln dust and a liquid polymer in different proportions. The comparison for Maximum Dry Density, Unconfined Compressive Strength and California bearing ratio test for untreated and stabilized soil was done. The optimal mixtures of the 10% Cement kiln dust dosage indicate that with usage of cement kiln dust, decreases maximum dry density and optimum moisture content increases. However, Cement kiln dust and epoxy liquid polymer resulted in Unconfined compression test increase from 402.11 kN/m² to 1288 kN/m²and 1005.27 kN/m2 to 3221.825 kN/m2 for a curing time of 14 days and 28days. Moreover, the California bearing ration values also improved 38% with the addition of Cement kiln dust. Over curing periods of 7 and 14 days, Unconfined compression test and California bearing ratio test outcomes show increases due to the of cementitious materials. Additionally, the treated soil exhibits a notable reduction in harmful compounds like Chromium and Lead. The cohesion and frictional properties of stabilized soil showed significant improvement too.

Preparation and characterization of novel PMMA bone cement containing 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one.

Introduction: to address the issue of burst drug release in antibiotic-loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement (ALBC), this study involved preparation of novel PMMA bone cement and determination of its antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, compressive properties, maximum temperature, and setting time. Methods: a novel acrylic monomer, which contains the 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one (DHF), was synthesized and utilized to develop non-leaching antibacterial PMMA bone cement (NLBC), designated as DHF-methacrylic acid (DHF-MAA) bone cement. In the preparation of this bone cement, DHF-MAA served as a key component of the liquid phase. Its antibacterial activity was determined using a surface antibacterial assay. The biocompatibility of the cement was evaluated through a rabbit-suspended erythrocyte hemolysis test, assessment of the relative proliferation rate of mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) using the CCK-8 method, and an acute toxicity test in mice. The assessment of compressive properties includes both compressive strength and compressive modulus before and after aging. Results: DHF-MAA bone cement exhibited antibacterial activity, excellent biocompatibility, and acceptable compressive properties; in particular, the 10% DHF-MAA bone cement, achieved 100% antibacterial activity, excellent biocompatibility, and a compressive strength that met the compressive value, as stated in ISO 5833. Conclusions: in this study, novel antibacterial non-leaching DHF-MAA bone cement was synthesized and evaluated for its antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and compressive properties. In particular, the 10% DHF-MAA bone cement exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and acceptable compressive properties. As such, this cement formulation warrants further characterization with a view to using it to anchor cemented arthroplasties.

The Impact of Production Techniques on Pore Size Distribution in High-Strength Foam Concrete

This study examined the impact of various foam concrete production techniques on pore size distribution and its water absorption properties. Techniques such as the use of a cavitation disintegrator and a turbulent mixer were employed to produce foam concrete. Six foam concrete compositions, with dry densities ranging from 820 to 1480 kg/m3 and compressive strength up to 47 MPa, were prepared. A novel method for digital image correlation was applied to analyse the pore size distribution within the foam concrete specimens. The manufactured foam concrete specimens’ porosity and water absorption indices were determined. The experimental results, including compression strength and water absorption, indicated that the production technique significantly affects the pore size distribution in foam concrete, impacting its mechanical and durability properties. Compressive strength was assessed at curing intervals of 7, 28, and 180 days. Cavitation technology was found to promote the formation of a finer porous structure in foam concrete, resulting in enhanced strength properties.

Optimisation of gradation based on fractal dimension for large-size graded crushed stone

To improve the mechanical properties of large particle size graded crushed stone mixture and obtain the optimal grading. By using different design methods to obtain the grading of large particle size graded crushed stone, the maximum dry density test, CBR penetration test, static pressure test, and cyclic repeated compaction test were conducted on the large particle size graded crushed stone samples. Finally, fractal theory was introduced to quantitatively calculate the grading of large particle size graded crushed stone, and the fractal dimension of large particle size graded crushed stone was obtained. The relationship between the fractal dimension of large particle size graded crushed stone and density, CBR value, compressive strength, and deformation resistance was analyzed through grey correlation analysis. The experimental results show that large particle size graded crushed stone has better skeleton performance than conventional graded crushed stone; The density, CBR value, compressive strength, and deformation resistance of large-sized graded crushed stone are related to the grading. The skeleton dense grading ratio has stronger mechanical properties compared to the suspended dense grading and skeleton interlocking grading. And the optimal fractal dimension for the optimal configuration should be between 2.59−2.61.