Compressive Strength Of Rubberized Concrete Research Articles

Use Crumb Rubber Chips in Partial Substitution of Coarse Aggregate While Preparing Concrete

Abstract: The purpose of this experimental investigation is to examine the behaviour features of rubberized concrete, which has coarse aggregate in place of some of the tyre rubber. Over 270 million scrap tyres are thought to be produced annually. One of the main problems in India is the disposal of discarded tyres in landfills, which is the responsibility of local governments and municipalities. Because it is not biodegradable, there are serious concerns to human health, the environment, and fire. The most promising uses of tyres in engineering are as aggregates for asphalt and concrete, artificial reefs, and erosion management, aside from gasoline obtained from tyres. Concrete's characteristics could be greatly improved in a variety of ways by using recycled tyre rubber as part of the aggregate. One of the most often used building materials is concrete. Because of this, the building sector is constantly looking for new applications and uses for its products, as well as ways to improve them while keeping costs down. The reference concrete specimen is made of M30 grade concrete. Rubber chips from scrap tyres have been utilised in place of traditional coarse aggregate as coarse aggregate. This will enable the efficient and widespread handling of rubber tyre waste in addition to enabling the sustainable use of the aggregates that are already accessible to us. After separating the rubber tyre waste into coarse chips, this tyre crumb aggregate is applied in increments of 5%, 10%, or 15% to replace the coarse aggregate. In order to determine the best way to employ crumb rubber as coarse aggregate in concrete, this study assessed the workability and compressive strength of rubberized concrete

Long term behavior of rubberized concrete under static and dynamic loads

Eco-friendly recycled tire-derived rubberized concrete is an environmentally conscious alternative employed in civil engineering for diverse purposes, enhancing the characteristics of concrete. In this paper, the research focuses on examining the drying shrinkage, creep, impact, and post-impact and creep behavior of concrete incorporating rubber. Four groups of cylindrical samples, each with a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 300 mm, were subjected to a consistent load corresponding to 0.25 of the bearing load capacity determined through compression tests on identical concrete mixtures. The testing spanned a year, during which measurements were taken for total strain, dependent strain, creep, and shrinkage. The concrete mixtures were formulated with crumb rubber in place of fine aggregate sand, with varying percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). To emphasize distinctions in outcomes across mixtures with different crumb rubber proportions, tests for compression, indirect tension, flexural strength, and impact resistance were carried out at intervals of 28 days, three months, six months, and one year. The examination and contrast of the four combinations demonstrated notable effects on both concrete creep and impact energy due to the addition of rubber particles. Despite this, shrinkage showed minimal influence. In general, there was a decrease in the compressive strength of rubberized concrete. The concrete compressive strength decreased by 25–35%, 45–50%, and 55–65% for rubberized concrete incorporating 10%, 20%, and 30% crumb rubber, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that creep negatively affects the impact resistance of non-rubberized concrete. Nevertheless, including rubber helps mitigate the effect of creep on the impact resistance, resulting in a reduction ranging from 6% to 12% across rubber percentages from 10% to 30%.

Optimization of the compressive strength of used tire/cement phase composite concretes using a full factorial design

The purpose of this work is to optimize the treatment conditions of rubber aggregates using a full factorial design. NaOH concentration and treatment duration and devulcanization were used as factors, while the compressive strength of the concretes was the response to the factorial design. The results indicated that NaOH concentration and treatment duration, as well as the interaction between NaOH treatment duration and devulcanization, have a significant influence on the compressive strength of rubberized concrete. 10% NaOH concentration, 60 min NaOH treatment duration and 30 s devulcanization were optimal treatment conditions. Under these optimal treatment conditions, an increase in compressive strength of 12.11% is observed compared with concretes incorporating untreated rubber aggregates.

Predicting Rubberized Concrete Compressive Strength Using Machine Learning: A Feature Importance and Partial Dependence Analysis

Rubberized concrete is a material that is both ecologically friendly and sustainable, and it has been finding more and more usage in building applications recently. In this study, a machine learning model, namely LightGBM, is developed to predict the compressive strength (CS) of rubberized concrete using 11 input parameters. The performance of the model is measured using a number of different statistical criteria after it has been trained on a dataset containing 275 samples. In order to evaluate the impact that each input parameter has on the CS, feature importance and partial dependency plots (PDP) are used as analytical tools. According to the findings, the superplasticizer, chipped rubber, crumb rubber, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and water content all have a significant impact on the CS of rubberized concrete. On the other hand, the results indicate that the cement content, slag/fly ash content, and type of CS have a relatively minor effect. In addition to this, the PDP offers insights into the manner in which the input parameters have an effect on the CS of rubberized concrete. Overall, the developed model and analytic techniques may be used as a helpful tool in forecasting the CS of rubberized concrete and improving its mix design for a variety of construction applications.

Incorporation of Silica Fumes and Waste Glass Powder on Concrete Properties Containing Crumb Rubber as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates

Waste management is the first priority for many countries, so the focus of this research is on using waste materials in concrete as fillers and substituting concrete ingredients such as crumb rubber (CR) for fine aggregates. The utilization of waste rubber in concrete has gained attention recently, but CR substitution results in a reduction in mechanical and durability properties due to weak bonding and lower stiffness of CR. To overcome this issue, the addition of strength-increasing waste materials as cement substitutes is investigated along with CR (5%, 10%, and 15%) as fine aggregates and tested for the mechanical and durability behavior of concrete. Constant 10% waste glass powder (WGP) and 10% silica fume (SF) were substituted with cement in separate mixes. The main goal of this study is to investigate the suitable proportion of the materials from SF and WGP for enhancing rubberized concrete’s properties and to evaluate waste materials’ uses considering various parameters. The concrete is compared for both materials used as well as with control concrete and CR concrete for properties such as workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and dynamic modulus of elasticity. The reduction in compressive strength, tensile strength, workability, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and dynamic modulus of elasticity was observed due to the incorporation of CR, but also an increase in these properties with the incorporation of silica fumes (SF) and waste glass powder (WGP) as cement. It was observed that SF enhanced the properties of rubberized concrete better as compared to WGP. The 10% SF with 5% CR enhanced the compressive strength of rubberized concrete without SF by 11%. Similarly, 10% of WGP with 5% of CR enhanced the compressive strength of rubberized concrete by 6%.

Effectiveness of surface treatment on rubber particles towards compressive strength of rubber concrete: A numerical study on rubber-cement interface

• Surface modification methods on rubber are employed and compared. • Steered molecular dynamics simulations of rubber-SCA-cement interface are performed. • Peridynamics models of rubber mortar are developed. • Novel reinforcing method with compressive casting is proposed. Waste rubber can be added to concrete for recycling if the addition does not reduce mechanical properties of the concrete significantly. The reduction in mechanical properties of rubber concrete can be alleviated via surface treatment of the added rubber particles, which modifies the interface between cement and rubber particles. Effectiveness of the modification for compressive strength of rubber concrete is evaluated through experiments, peridynamics and molecular dynamics studies. Upper bound of the positive effect of the surface treatment for compressive strength is predicted, which can be achieved by using silane coupling agents. On top of the surface treatment, novel modification methods for rubber concrete like improvement of mechanical properties of rubber particles and of casting method are envisioned.

Simplified modeling of rubberized concrete properties using multivariable regression analysis

The studies on rubberized concrete have increased dramatically over the last few years due to being an environmentally friendly material with enhanced vibration behavior and energy dissipation capabilities. Nevertheless, multiple resources in the literature have reported reductions in its mechanical properties directly proportional to the rubber content. Over the last few years, various mathematical models have been proposed to estimate rubberized concrete properties using artificial intelligence, machine learning, and fuzzy logic-based methods. However, these models are relatively complicated and require higher computation efforts than multivariable regression ones when it comes to the daily usage of practicing engineers. Additionally, most of the study has mainly focused on the compressive strength of rubberized concrete and rarely went into more details considering other properties and sample sizes. Therefore, this study focuses on developing simple yet accurate rubberized concrete multivariable regression models that can be generalized for various mixtures of rubberized concrete considering different sample sizes.

Analytical evaluation of compressive strength for concrete with rubber fine aggregates and the predictive model

Recycling scrap tires as alternatives to materials to produce rubberized concrete will facilitate environmental protection and considerable conservation of natural resources. The accurate prediction of compressive strength for rubberized concrete will promote their development and application. In order to predict the compressive strength of rubberized concrete further accuracy, the rubberized concrete with rubber fine aggregates of different sizes, contents and pretreatment methods in compressive strength of 16.5–34.3 MPa were designed in this paper, and their cubic compressive strength was studied. Then, effects of the rubber aggregates on concrete mesostructure and the influence mechanism on compressive strength were analyzed through the technology of computed tomography and scanning electron microscope, as well as analyses of void structure of hardened concrete. The regularity of the varying cubic compressive strength of rubberized concrete with changing rubber size, content and the pretreatment method was clarified. The influence mechanism of the rubber on concrete compressive strength was revealed. Finally, a forecast model of cubic compressive strength for rubberized concrete with a good predictive ability was proposed, which can provide good references for design and engineering application of rubberized concrete.

Modification of Rubberized Concrete: A Review

One of the environmental problems causing concern in the world today is the black pollution caused by the accumulation of waste rubber resources. Relevant experimental studies have proved that rubber concrete can help solve the black pollution problem caused by waste rubber tires, but it is undeniable that rubber particles will reduce the mechanical properties of concrete. To this end, many studies on the modification of rubberized concrete have been carried out, and this paper summarizes these studies, considering compressive strength, durability performance and insulation performance. The results show that chemical pretreatments, such as sodium hydroxide, can significantly improve the adhesion between rubber particles and cement matrixes. Mineral powder admixtures, such as silica fume and fiber admixtures, e.g., PP fibers, can improve the compressive strength of rubber concrete.

Damage Characteristics of Uniaxial Compressed Concrete Embedded Different Aging Rubber by 3D Mesoscale Model

Rapid development of the automobile industry has brought the disposal problem of waste rubber tires. Mixing waste rubber tires into concrete can not only solve environmental problems but also improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Rubber aging is one of the main factors to affect the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete. Therefore, an FEM model of rubberized concrete in mesoscale is established in this paper. The influence of rubber aging on the uniaxial compression damage of rubberized concrete is u;studied. The results show that (1) the elastic modulus and compressive strength of rubberized concrete are negatively correlated with the aging level and content of rubber and positively correlated with the particle size of rubber. (2) After uniaxial compression of concrete enters the softening section, the crack resistance of concrete is positively correlated with the aging level and content of rubber and negatively correlated with the particle size of rubber. (3) Compared with the elastic modulus, the compressive strength of rubberized concrete is more sensitive to the change of parameters of rubber, that is, the change range of the compressive strength of rubberized concrete is always greater than the change range of its elastic modulus, when the aging level, content, and particle size of rubber change.

Systematic Experimental Assessment of POFA Concrete Incorporating Waste Tire Rubber Aggregate.

Several researchers devoted considerable efforts to partially replace natural aggregates in concrete with recycled materials such as recycled tire rubber. However, this often led to a significant reduction in the compressive strength of rubberized concrete due to the weaker interfacial transition zone between the cementitious matrix and rubber particles and the softness of rubber granules. Thereafter, significant research has explored the effects of supplementary cementitious materials such as zeolite, fly ash, silica fume, and slag used as partial replacement for cement on rubberized concrete properties. In this study, systematic experimental work was carried out to assess the mechanical properties of palm oil fuel ash (POFA)-based concrete incorporating tire rubber aggregates (TRAs) using the response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the findings, reasonable compressive, flexure, and tensile strengths were recorded or up to 10% replacement of sand with recycled tire fibre and fine TRAs. In particular, the reduction in compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of POFA concrete incorporating fibre rubber decreased by 16.3%, 9.8%, and 10.1% at 365 days compared to normal concrete without POFA and rubber. It can be concluded that utilization of a combination of POFA and fine or fibre rubber could act as a beneficial strategy to solve the weakness of current rubberized concrete’s strength as well as to tackle the environmental issues of the enormous stockpiles of waste tires worldwide.

Use Rubber as Coarse Aggregate

Abstract: Rubber is produced in huge amount Worldwide every year. Its decomposition takes much time and also produces environmental Pollution. In such a case the reuse of rubber is a better choice. To reuse rubber wastes, it was added to concrete as coarse aggregate and its different properties such as Compressive strength, Tensile strength etc. Were compared with an ordinary concrete As a result, it was found that Rubberized concrete is durable, great crack resistance but has low compressive strength when compared with ordinary concrete. The compressive strength of rubberized concrete can be increased by adding some amount of Silica to it.

Effectiveness of Surface Treatment on Rubber Particles Towards Compressive Strength of Rubber Concrete: A Numerical Study on Rubber-Cement Interface

Effectiveness of Surface Treatment on Rubber Particles Towards Compressive Strength of Rubber Concrete: A Numerical Study on Rubber-Cement Interface

Behavior and Strength Predictions for CFRP Confined Rubberized Concrete under Axial Compression

This paper presents experimental versus theoretical comparison of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) confined rubberized concrete (a new structural material). A total of sixty six rubberized concrete cylinders were tested in axial compression. The specimens were cast using 0 to 50% rubber replacement. Twenty seven cylinders were then confined with one, two and three layers of CFRP jackets. Axial compression results of the experimental study were compared with the North American and European design guidelines. The results indicate that the addition of rubber content in the concrete leads to premature micro cracking and lateral expansion in concrete. This increased lateral dilation exploited the potential of FRP jackets. The axial compressive strength and strain values for CFRP confined RuC cylinders reached up to unprecedented 600 and 330 percent of unconfined samples. Furthermore, the current international design guidelines developed for conventional concrete confinement failed to predict the compressive strength of rubberized concrete. There is a strong need to re-evaluate the current design codes and their applicability to investigate fiber reinforced confined rubberized concrete. Moreover, the proposed equations in this research can better predict the axial compressive strength of FRP confined RuC.

Compressive strength of rubberized concrete: Regression and GA-BPNN approaches using ultrasonic pulse velocity

Rubberized concrete is one of the solutions to the disposal problem caused by large amounts of untreated waste rubber. To assess the performance of existing concrete structures, non-destructive-testing techniques offer a direct, quick, safe and reliable means of assessing the performance of concrete structures. Several researchers have proposed relationships, often of an exponential form, between the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and compressive strength of rubberized concrete. This paper aims to propose a regression model and a genetic algorithm based backpropagation neural network (GA-BPNN) model that can be used to estimate compressive strength of rubberized concrete with UPV for different applications and accuracy requirements. Regression model in comparisons with GA-BPNN, firstly requires less computation work and will be easier for site measurement or environments without computers or certain softwares, secondly it has no barriers for users who are not familiar with machine learning models to approximately estimate the strength. The regression model comprises an Adjusted Regression Model which is a multi-variable non-linear model adjusted based on the ordinary exponential model incorporating other principal parameters, hence representing an improvement on the existing exponential model and two types of Stepwise Regression Model (pure linear and pure quadratic) will be employed. To achieve this, a database containing 158 pairs of data collected from previous literature is compiled. Results indicate that both three types of regression models and GA-BPNN are capable of effectively predicting the compressive strength of rubberized concrete with reasonable values of statistical indexes. More specifically, among three types of regression model, the pure quadratic stepwise regression model has relatively better performance with higher R and lower root-mean-square error values. Results also support that GA-BPNN has the highest accuracy compared to regression models and is proven to be reasonable for more precise estimations.

Effect of rubber aggregate size on static and dynamic compressive properties of rubberized concrete

AbstractThis study experimentally examines the effect of rubber aggregate size on the static and dynamic behavior of rubberized concrete. Rubberized concrete specimens were prepared with different maximum rubber aggregate sizes ranging from 1 to 3 mm to 3 to 5 mm while the rubber content was kept constant at 15% by volume. The dynamic compressive behavior of rubberized concrete was investigated by using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. The experimental results have shown that rubberized concrete with smaller rubber aggregates showed higher static compressive strength as compared to that with larger rubber aggregates. Meanwhile, the rubber aggregate size did not considerably affect the density of rubberized concrete. The use of smaller rubber aggregate size mitigated the slump reduction of rubberized concrete. Rubberized concrete exhibited obvious sensitivity to strain rate and those with larger rubber aggregates showed higher strain rate sensitivity. The progressive damage of rubberized concrete showed more ductile behavior with bulging failure, which was different from the typical concrete under compression. In general, the use of smaller rubber aggregate size was beneficial to the static compressive strength but less effective to the dynamic compressive strength of rubberized concrete as compared to those with larger rubber aggregates.

Development of deep neural network model to predict the compressive strength of rubber concrete

This paper presents an innovative development process of a Deep Neural Network model to predict the compressive strength of rubber concrete. To this goal, a rubber concrete database is carefully constructed, incorporating a set of binder, aggregate, and other related concrete variables as input parameters, whereas the compressive strength is considered as output. The development of the DNN model includes extensive analysis of the number of hidden layers and the neurons in each layer, combining with a statistical investigation of the models' prediction outputs. The results show that the DNN model outperforms other neural network structures according to several well-known performance indices, such as coefficient of determination, root mean square error, and mean absolute error. The proposed DNN model also exhibits higher prediction accuracy than previously published results, using different machine learning algorithms in the literature. A sensitivity analysis using partial dependence plots is performed within the DNN algorithm in order to achieve an in-depth examination of the influence of each single input variable on the predicted compressive strength of rubber concrete. Finally, the possibility of using other input variables is given to pave the way for applications in regular, high strength, or light-weight foamed concrete containing rubber particles.

Research on influencing factors of rubber concrete performance based on grey correlation theory

Based on the experiment and grey system theory, the influence on slump and compressive strength of rubber concrete are analyzed systematically under the rubber grain gradation mass, the content of rubber grain substitution and whether the rubber surface is pretreated. The influence rule of each factor on the slump and compressive strength is consistent. The influence order is as follows: The mass percentage of rubber particle grading is more than the amount of rubber particle replacing, which is more than whether the rubber surface is pretreated. The mass percentage of rubber particle grading and the amount of rubber particle replacing is more than 0.6 and whether the rubber surface is pretreated that is less than 0.6. In view of this situation, considering whether the assignment condition of rubber surface pretreated is reasonable, this problem needs further study. The results of this paper provide a theoretical reference for the main factors concerned in the mix design of rubber concrete.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF RUBBER CONCRETE UNDER COMPRESSION CONSIDERING EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE STRAIN RATE

To examine the compressive dynamic performance of rubber concrete, a uniaxial compression experimental study on rubber concrete was carried out using a hydraulic servo based on five different rubber substitution rates under eight different earthquake magnitude loading strain rates. The compressive failure modes and stress-strain curves of rubber concrete were obtained. By comparatively analyzing the mechanical characteristics of rubber concrete under different loading conditions, the following conclusions are drawn: with the increase in rubber substitution rate, the integrity of concrete upon compressive failure is gradually improved, and rubber particles exhibit an evident modification effect on cement mortar at the concrete interface. Under the influence of loading strain rate, the patterns of compressive failure mode of rubber concrete with different substitution rates are similar to that of ordinary concrete. Under the same loading strain rate, with the increase in rubber substitution rate, the compressive strength of rubber concrete gradually decreases while the plastic deformation capacity gradually increases. For the same rubber substitution rate, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of rubber concrete gradually increases with the increase in loading strain rate. The increase in rubber substitution rate gradually reduces the increasing amplitude of compressive strength and elastic modulus of rubber concrete under the influence of loading strain rate. Meanwhile, an equation was proposed to describe the coupling effect of rubber substitution rate and strain rate on the compressive strength dynamic increase factor of rubber concrete, and the underlying stress mechanism was further discussed. These results have significance in promoting the application of rubber concrete in engineering practice.

Experimental Research on Chloride Erosion Resistance of Rubber Concrete

Chloride corrosion test was carried out in 4% NaCl solution to study the chloride corrosion resistance of rubber concrete. Rubber concrete was prepared by using 20 mesh, 1∼3 mm, and 3∼6 mm rubber particles instead of sand by 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the cementitious material mass. The P-wave velocity and compressive strength of rubber concrete were measured. The microstructure of rubber concrete corroded by chloride was analyzed by SEM. The micromorphology was compared with the macrofailure characteristics under uniaxial compression. The results show that the rubber concrete was still in the early stage of erosion. With the increase of immersion time at the age of 110 days, the P-wave velocity and compressive strength of concrete were generally on the rise. Furthermore, during the period of erosion, the mechanical properties of rubber concrete increased with the increase of rubber particle size and decreased with the increase of the content. Therefore, when the rubber particle size was 3∼6 mm and the content was 5%, the antierosion performance was the best. This study has a certain guiding significance for the chloride corrosion resistance of rubber concrete.