Compressive Failure Strain Research Articles

Effects of specimen size and loading rate on the mechanical property of Bentonil-WRK bentonite for engineered barrier system

This study aims to investigate the effects of specimen size and loading rate on the mechanical property of Bentonil-WRK bentonite buffer material for engineered barrier system. Highly instrumented unconfined compressive strength tests were performed on cylindrical specimens prepared using cold isostatic pressing (CIP) technique at varying testing conditions: (a) CIP pressures of 29.43 MPa, 39.24 MPa, and 58.86 MPa, (b) specimen sizes of 30 × 60mm, 40 × 80mm, and 50 × 100mm, and (c) loading rates of 0.5 %/min, 1.0 %/min, and 1.5 %/min. As CIP pressure increases, the unconfined compressive strength (qu), failure strain (εf), and elastic modulus (E) of Bentonil-WRK increase similar to Gyeongju compacted bentonite (KJ-II). Increase in diameter results in a decrease in qu and εf, and increase in E. Minimal effect of loading rate was observed on qu and εf. However, increasing loading rate tends to increase E. In addition, decrease in diameter increases the elastic threshold axial strain (εe,th). Increase in diameter and loading rate slightly increases Poisson's ratio. Prediction models are provided for assessing the effects of specimen diameter on qu and εf. Furthermore, correlation models of qu to ρd and E are proposed for Bentonil-WRK bentonite buffer material.

An Investigation into the Effect of Length Scale of Reinforcement on the Cryogenic Response of a Mg/2wt.%CeO2 Composite

The present study attempted for the first time an investigation on the effect of deep cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen (LN) on magnesium–cerium oxide (Mg/2wt.%CeO2) composites containing equal amounts of different length scales (micron and nanosize) cerium oxide (CeO2) particles. The disintegrated melt deposition method was used to synthesize Mg-2CeO2 micro- and nanocomposites, followed by hot extrusion as the secondary processing. Further liquid nitrogen treatment was performed at a cryogenic temperature of −196 °C. The combined effects of cryogenic treatment and reinforcement length scale on physical, mechanical, and thermal behaviors were studied. The results indicate that LN-treated micro- and nanocomposite samples exhibit, in common, a reduction in porosity, similar grain size, and a limited effect on the original texture of the matrix. However, microhardness, 0.2% Compressive Yield Strength (CYS), failure strain, and energy absorbed increased for both micro- and nanocomposite samples. Overall, results clearly indicate the capability of deep cryogenic treatment with LN to positively diversify the properties of both micro- and nanocomposite samples.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Gas Pressure on the Pore Structure and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Coal.

Understanding the effect of gas pressure on coal pore structure and dynamic mechanical properties can better guide the accurate monitoring of stress and gas in gas-containing coal seams in coal mines and efficiently prevent and control coal/rock-gas composite dynamic hazards. In this study, the characterization of the pore structure of the coal body under different gas pressures and three-dimensional impact compression tests were carried out. The findings demonstrate that when the axial static load and confining pressure are fixed, the gas pressure determines the amount of gas adsorbed by the coal samples and its pore structure changes. The effect of gas pressure on the pore structure of the micropores is not obvious, but it has an obvious dilatation effect on the pore structure of the macropores. Within the range of conditions and gas pressures studied in this paper, gas-containing coals' dynamic compressive strength and failure strain decrease linearly with increasing gas pressure. The average dynamic strength deterioration rate of gas-containing coals increases linearly with an increase of gas pressure, which plays a deteriorating role in the dynamic mechanical properties of coal bodies. When the gas pressure increases from 0.7 to 2.8 MPa, the radius of the macropores inside the gas-containing coal increases 0.63 times, and the increased pores and cracks produce a stress concentration effect around the pores and cracks and the shorter time required for instability damage of the coal samples to occur when subjected to dynamic loading. The research results improve the basic theory of gas-containing coal dynamics and provide a theoretical basis for the mine coal/rock-gas composite dynamics disaster.

Simultaneous Improvement of the Strength and Plasticity for Ti‐Reinforced Fine‐Grained Magnesium Matrix Composites Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Ti‐reinforced AZ61 magnesium matrix composites, demonstrating enhanced strength and plasticity, are synthesized via powder metallurgy method, including mechanical milling and spark plasma sintering. This study investigates the evolution of microstructure and compressive mechanical properties of Ti/AZ61 composites across various Ti weight percentages: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The composites at 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% Ti concentrations are effectively compacted, achieving relative densities of 99.1%, 99.4%, 98.7%, and 98.6%, respectively. The integration of Ti particles facilitates a refinement of the Mg grain size. The average Mg grain size in the AZ61 alloy is refined from 8.7 ± 3.6 to 7.2 ± 4.5 μm and 4.4 ± 2.2 μm upon the addition of 5 and 10 wt% Ti particles. Conversely, incremental Ti concentrations of 15 and 20 wt% result in minor increases in the average Mg grain size to 5.3 ± 2.6 and 5.7 ± 3.2 μm, respectively. Interfacial compounds, notably Al3Ti, are identified. Compressive mechanical properties, including compressive yield stress (CYS), ultimate compressive stress (UCS), and compressive failure strain (CFS), are synergistically enhanced with Ti particle incorporation. Optimal mechanical properties, specifically CYS at 250 MPa, UCS at 502 MPa, and CFS at 13%, are observed in the 10 wt% Ti/AZ61 composite. The enhanced compressive behavior is attributed to strong interfacial bonding between deformable Ti and Mg, effective load transfer, and grain refinement. Additional contributing factors include variations in the elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficients between Ti and Mg. The fracture mechanisms observed in the Ti/AZ61 composites involve both ductile and brittle modes of failure.

Strain-dependent-deformation property of Gyeongju compacted bentonite buffer material for engineered barrier system

This study aims to investigate the strain-dependent-deformation property of Gyeongju bentonite buffer material. A series of unconfined compressive tests were performed with cylindrical specimens prepared at varying dry densities (ρd = 1.58 g/cm3 to 1.74 g/cm3) using cold isostatic pressing technique. It is found that as ρd increase, the unconfined compressive strength (qu), failure strain, and elastic modulus (E) of Gyeongju compacted bentonite (GCB) increases. Normalized elastic modulus (Esec/Emax) degradation curves of GCB specimens are fitted using Ramberg-Osgood model and the elastic threshold strain (εe,th) is determined through the fitted curves. The strain-dependency of E and Poisson's ratio (v) of GCB were observed. E and v were measured constant below εe,th of 0.14 %. Then, E decreases while v increases after exceeding the strain threshold. The Esec/Emax degradation curves of GCB in this study suggests wider linear range and higher linearity than those of sedimentary clay in previous study. On top of that, the influence of ρd is observed on Esec/Emax degradation curves of GCB, showing a slight increase in εe,th with increase in ρd. Furthermore, an empirical model of qu with ρd and a correlation model between qu and E are proposed for Gyeongju bentonite buffer materials.

Effect of nano-gypsum on mechanical properties cement admixed marginal silty soil

Even though the chemical stabilization is by far the most common ground improvement technique, very few studies have been conducted on the joint incorporation of two or more additives (cement-nanogypsum mix) to stabilise soft soil. This study investigates the effect on the mechanical properties of cement-stabilised silty soft soil (CSS) using nano-gypsum (NG). Unconfined compression strength (UCS) test trials were conducted to achieve soft soil conditions. The effect of NG and cement on soft soil was investigated by performing Atterberg limit, compaction, UCS, and Direct shear tests. The soil was treated with four percentages (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) of cement and with three percentages (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) of NG by its dry unit weight. The test results showed that the plasticity index of the soil was reduced significantly by the addition of stabilizers (Cement-NG mix) making the soil stiffer. The compaction tests suggested that optimum cement content was 20% for CSS and for cement-NG mix maximum strength was achieved at cement: NG proportion of 20:1. The unconfined compression strength (UCS) was increased by 9.11 times in comparison to untreated soft soil at cement: NG proportion of 20:1.5. The direct shear test (DST) suggested that there was an increase in cohesion by 4.44 times in comparison to the untreated sample at the soil–cement-NG combination of 78.5: 20: 1.5. However, the angle of internal friction remained almost unchanged. The development of cementitious substances was confirmed through XRD spectroscopy. Microstructural and chemical properties were observed using combined FESEM-EDAX analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The multivariate linear regression (MLR) predictive model was developed for the unconfined compressive strength and failure strain as a function of various parameters considered in the study. The test results demonstrated that the combination of cement and NG can result in remarkable improvement in the geotechnical properties of soft soil. The use of NG may also reduce the demand for cement in deep cement mixing technique, which eventually reduces the carbon footprint and renders the ground improvement technique, ecologically beneficial.

Compressive Performance of Longitudinal Steel-FRP Composite Bars in Concrete Cylinders Confined by Different Type of FRP Composites.

This paper presents an experimental study on the compressive performance of longitudinal steel-fiber-reinforced polymer composite bars (SFCBs) in concrete cylinders confined by different type of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Three types of concrete cylinders reinforced with (or without) longitudinal SFCBs and different transverse FRP confinements were tested under monotonic compression. The results showed that the post-yield stiffness of SFCBs is higher when confined with high elastic modulus carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite than with low elastic modulus basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite. Decreasing confinement spacing did not significantly improve the compressive strength of SFCBs in concrete cylinders. The compressive failure strain of SFCBs could possibly reach 88% of its tensile peak strain in concrete cylinders confined by CFRP sheets, which is significantly higher than the value (around 50%) in previous studies. Existing design equations, which applied a strength reduction factor or a maximum compressive strain of concrete to consider the compressive contributions of SFCBs in concrete members, underestimate the load-carrying capacity of SFCB-reinforced concrete cylinders. The design equation that considers the actual compressive stress of SFCBs gives the most accurate prediction; however, its applicability and accuracy need to be verified with more experimental data.

Effect of Organic Matter Components on the Mechanical Properties of Cemented Soil.

The organic matter in soft clay tends to affect the properties of cement-stabilized soil. The influence degree of different organic matter varies. In this paper, the influence weights and mechanism of the main organic matter components fulvic acid and humic acid on the mechanical properties of cemented soil were investigated. Impacts of FA/HA (fulvic acid/humic acid) values and curing time on the unconfined compressive strength, deformation characteristics, and microstructure of cemented soil were explored through the unconfined compressive strength test and electrical resistivity test. The results show that with the increase of FA/HA, the unconfined compressive strength of cemented soil gradually decreased and the plastic properties enhanced. The increase in curing time changed the stress-strain relationship of cemented soil, and some specimens showed brittle damage. The initial resistivity and structural property parameters of cemented soil gradually decreased with the increasing FA/HA value and increased with the increase of curing time. It revealed the influence law of FA/HA and curing time change on the microstructure of cemented soil. Based on the experimental results, the quantitative relationship equations between FA/HA and curing time and unconfined compressive strength, failure strain, deformation modulus, and resistivity were established.

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of FeAl Metal-Intermetallic Laminated (MIL) Composite

With the rapid development of science and technology, the requirements for material performance in fields such as defense and military industry are getting higher and higher, and it is becoming more and more difficult to meet multiple performance requirements with a single material at the same time. Inspired by the special structure of shells, Metal-Intermetallic-Laminated composites (MIL) with composite, low-cost, and multifunctional properties have been prepared to combine the performance advantages of each component to achieve properties that cannot be achieved by a single material. In this paper, Fe/FeAl laminated composites were prepared by stacking pure Fe foil and pure Al foil alternately and using a vacuum hot-pressure sintering process to first consume all the Al layers by reacting at 655°C for a period of time, and then ramping up to 950°C for high-temperature annealing with different holding times. The microstructure and phase composition were analyzed by SEM and EDS, and the static and dynamic compressive strength and failure strain of the laminated material were measured by a universal testing machine and Hopkinson rod.

Effect of different crystal forms of ZrO2 on the microstructure and properties of tungsten alloys

The effects of different crystal forms of zirconia (m-ZrO2, t-ZrO2, c-ZrO2) on the microstructure and properties of tungsten alloys were investigated using pure tungsten (PW) and tungsten alloys strengthened with different crystal forms of zirconia. The microstructure and compressive and tensile properties of the four metals were comprehensively compared. The results show that the microstructure and properties of tungsten alloys strengthened by zirconia with different crystal forms are remarkably similar, which is attributed to the high similarity of the morphology and distribution of zirconia in tungsten alloys. Meanwhile, the properties of tungsten alloys were significantly improved compared with PW. The ultimate compressive strength and failure strain at room temperature increased by 50% and 97% respectively, and the ultimate compressive strength at high temperature increased by 15–30% compared with PW. The characterization of the rolled tungsten alloy shows that the addition of zirconia can reduce the formation of shear bands, increase the texture strength, and make the texture type, which is mainly composed of {111} 〈110〉 and {001} 〈100〉, more uniform. The high-temperature tensile results show that the ultimate tensile strength of the tungsten alloy is approximately 30% higher than that of PW at 1000 °C, and the dimples are dense and small compared with PW.

Compressive failure strain of unidirectional carbon fibre composites from bending tests

One of the major difficulties in establishing material properties for composites is to obtain reliable compressive strengths either from the current direct compressive testing methods due to the stress concentration or from the indirect flexural tests due to the localised stress concentration and strain gradient effect. In the present paper, unconventional flexural tests on carbon fibre/wood sandwich and monolithic composite beams have been developed and compressive failure strains of unidirectional carbon fibre composites have been obtained with high values and low variability. The compressive strain of 1.36% obtained for the IM7/8552 material is 14% higher than the highest published value found and the variability is only 3%. Strain gradient effects on the compressive failure strain from measurements with the same stressed volume have also been quantified for the first time using the proposed carbon fibre/wood sandwich beam with various wood core depths. The increase in failure strain due to the strain gradient effect reduced with the increase of total beam thickness and approached a constant value when the beam was thicker than 20 mm.

Effect of bedding plane on mechanical properties, failure mode, and crack evolution characteristic of bedded rock-like specimen

To study the influence of bedding planes on mechanical properties and failure characteristics of specimens, an experimental test was conducted first on bedded rock-like specimens by uniaxial compression test with acoustic emission and digital image correlation. Experimental results show that both uniaxial compression strength (UCS) and failure strain (εf) present a tendency to first decrease and then increase with the increase in bedding angle (α). Moreover, the existence of bedding planes changes failure mode and fracture process of bedded specimen. Based on experimental results, three-dimensional numerical models containing bedding planes were used to determine the effect of orientation angle (α), spacing (s), and strength (λ) of bedding planes. Numerical results are as follows: (1) For α = 0° and 30°, the increase in s leads to the decrease in translaminar tensile crack and increase in translaminar shear crack, and the trend is reversed for α = 45° and 60°. Besides, (2) the variation of s leads to the variation of the percentage of the crack in bedding and rock matrix. However, (3) with the increase in s, the UCS and εf of bedded specimen at the same α remain almost unchanged. Unlike the influence of s, (4) the UCS and εf of bedded rock for α = 30°–60° are positively correlated with λ. (5) Moreover, with the increase in λ, the BP-crack percentage decreases dramatically, leading to the variation of the failure mode of bedded rock.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-Ni-Al ternary Metallic-Intermetallic Laminate (MIL) composites

Metallic-Intermetallic Laminate (MIL) composites of Titanium-nickel-aluminum ternary system were fabricated and investigated for the microstructure evolution, reaction process, and mechanical property. The results show that Ni-Ti produces three intermetallics: Ni3Ti, NiTi, and Ti2Ni. Ni-Al produces four kinds of intermetallics in turn with the reaction: NiAl3, Ni2Al3, NiAl, and Ni3Al. The Ni-Al diffusion reaction rate is faster than that of Ni-Ti. The extent of the Ni-Al reaction is more affected by the reaction time, but the Ni-Ti reaction is more sensitive to temperature increase, which results from the α phase of titanium changing to the β phase when the temperature is higher than transition point, and Ni diffuses faster in β-Ti. Some special network-like, island-like structure and needle-like Ti2Ni organizations were found in the Ti6Al4V layer due to the different diffusion rates of Ni in the α and β phases of Ti6Al4V. Compression tests show that the mechanical properties of MIL are strongly correlated with the type and number of layers of Ni-Al intermetallic. The strength and toughness of the specimen reacted at 710 °C for 5 h are improved compared to the other specimens, the compressive strength and failure strain reached 1900 MPa and 0.35, respectively.

Experimental investigation of dynamic mechanical characteristics of inhomogeneous composite coal-sandstone combination for coalbed methane development

In deep resource exploitation, the coal seam and the strata are jointly loaded, forming a systematic combined structure that can have a significant effect on coalbed methane (CBM) development. Therefore, to understand the deformation and damage characteristics due to blasting load of the complex and real ground conditions, the 50 mm split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to study the dynamic performance and energy changes of coal-sandstone combination and sandstone-coal combination as inhomogeneous materials. In addition, high-speed photographic equipment was employed to determine the damage failure mechanisms. The results showed that the dynamic compressive strength and failure strains of two combinations showed polynomial relationships with increasing strain rates. The strain rate effects and likenesses of the two combinations' energy and energy rates were substantial. Furthermore, for the coal-sandstone combination, the initial damage fractures occurred at the end face near the bar, and at the interface for the sandstone-coal combination. Eventually, the improved constitutive model based on the ZWT was significantly consistent with the two combinations. The related theory can perform an effective and practical role in the mining of coal rocks under complex ground conditions for CBM development.

Crucial feature space for ductile bcc high-entropy alloys

Body-centered cubic (bcc) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising structural materials for nuclear power plants to ensure good radiation resistance. However, the majority of bcc HEAs show limited room temperature ductility even in compression. In addition to the compressive properties of as-cast high-activation bcc HEAs collected from the literature, those of low-activation ones were investigated by phase diagram calculations and experiments. Therefore, a consistent dataset comprising 93 samples was generated. A classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm was employed to differentiate the target bcc HEAs with a compressive failure strain of more than 50% from the others. The model generality of a finalized CART classifier was validated by training and testing F1 scores and accuracies. It was found that Pugh's ratio (κ) and valence electron concentration (VEC) are two key attributes to identify the target alloys. The crucial κ-VEC feature space displays that the targets are generally located in the region where κ is larger than 3.129 or VEC is larger than 6.296. Especially, high-activation and low-activation samples seem to have opposite characteristics, motivating the further study of a deformation mechanism for low-activation bcc HEAs.

Preparation and properties of W-30 wt% Cu alloy with the additions of Ni and Fe elements

In this paper, excellent performance W-Cu-Ni-Fe alloys with the addition of Ni and Fe (total content: 5 wt%) were successfully prepared by low temperature liquid-phase sintering, using the raw material of ultrafine W-Cu-Ni-Fe composite powder. Ultrafine W-Cu-Ni-Fe composite powder with high sintering activity and uniform composition distribution was prepared by a two-stage reduction method consisting of carbothermal reaction and hydrogen deep deoxidation. Additions of Ni and Fe not only improved the wettability between W and Cu two phases, but also improved the bonding strength of two-phase interface. All sintered samples had higher relatively densities to ensure that the samples have great comprehensive properties. When Ni and Fe were co-added in appropriate proportions, the highest tensile strength and elongation of W-Cu-Ni-Fe alloy samples were 497 MPa and 9.12 % for the composition: W-3.5 wt%Ni-1.5 wt%Fe-25 wt%Cu, respectively. Meanwhile, with increasing Ni content from 0 wt% to 5 wt%, the compressive strength and failure strain of alloy samples increased from 1160 MPa to 2376 MPa and from 53 % to 98 %, respectively. In addition, with the enhancement of the solid solution strengthening effects of Ni and Fe on Cu matrix, the bending strength and microhardness of the alloy samples increased to 1174 MPa and 361 HV for composition: W-3.5 wt%Ni-1.5 wt%Fe-25 wt%Cu, respectively. Although the additions of Ni and Fe made the Cu matrix network structure have a uniform distribution, it led to a decrease in the electron transfer ability of the alloy, and thus, there was a decrease in electrical conductivity.

A study on the influences of a hygrothermal environment on the compressive strength and failure criteria of asphalt mixtures based on true triaxial tests

Based on a high-pressure servo static and dynamic true triaxial test machine (tawz-500/300), uniaxial and true triaxial tests of AC-25C asphalt mixtures under different heat moisture coupling treatments were performed, and the triaxial compressive strength value was determined by mathematical treatment. The test results show that in the range of 20–60 °C, the uniaxial and triaxial compressive strength of the AC-25C asphalt mixture decreases with increasing drying and soaking environment temperature. In the temperature range of 20–40 °C, the drying temperature sensitivity and soaking temperature sensitivity of the asphalt mixture with compressive strength and failure strain value as indices are the maximum. The increase in the intermediate principal stress can improve the triaxial compressive strength, and the increase reaches the maximum when the environmental treatment temperature is 40 °C. The maximum stress ratio is in the range of σ2/σ3 = 0.25 to σ2/σ3 = 0.5. The failure forms of uniaxial tension and triaxial tension are mainly caused by tensile stress. The influence of temperature, humidity and stress ratio on triaxial failure strength is analysed. The relationship between the failure strength and temperature coefficient k is established using a variety of failure criteria, which can provide an experimental and theoretical basis for the mechanical analysis of asphalt mixtures under complex stress states.

Comparison of compressive fatigue performance of cementitious composites with different types of carbon nanotube

The compressive fatigue performance of cementitious composites largely depends on the generation and connection of fatigue nano/micro-cracks in the composites. These types of cracks are beyond the scope that traditional fibers can restrain, but can be effectively eliminated and inhibited by incorporating nano-materials, especially those with fiber shape, such as carbon nanotube (CNT). Unfortunately, the effect of CNT and its physical and chemical characteristics on the compressive fatigue performance of cementitious composites remains unclear. Therefore, this paper systematically investigated the effect of CNT with different contents and sizes, functional groups and coating layers on the compressive fatigue performance of cementitious composites, including fatigue life, strength, deformation behavior and cracking characteristics. The morphology of the fatigue fracture surface of cementitious composites shows that CNT can refine pore structure, bridge nano/micro-cracks and result in the generation of the multi-directional and network-like fatigue micro-cracks as well as the appearance of the fatigue striation around aggregates. Consequently, by increasing the integrity among each phase of cementitious composites, CNT significantly maximizes the compressive fatigue life (in logarithmic form), strength and failure strain of cementitious composites by 160 %, 43.4 % and 20.6 %, respectively, showing great potential for extending the service life of concrete structures.

Towards the development of osteochondral allografts with reduced immunogenicity

Nowadays, repair and replacement of hyaline articular cartilage still challenges orthopedic surgery. Using a graft of decellularized articular cartilage as a structural scaffold is considered as a promising therapy. So far, successful cell removal has only been possible for small samples with destruction of the macrostructure or loss of biomechanics. Our aim was to develop a mild, enzyme-free chemical decellularization procedure while preserving the biomechanical properties of cartilage.Porcine osteochondral cylinders (diameter: 12 mm; height: 10 mm) were divided into four groups: Native plugs (NA), decellularized plugs treated with PBS, Triton-X-100 and SDS (DC), and plugs additionally treated with freeze-thaw-cycles of −20 °C, −80 °C or shock freezing in nitrogen (N2) before decellularization. In a non-decalcified HE stain the decellularization efficiency (cell removal, cell size, depth of decellularization) was calculated. For biomechanics the elastic and compression modulus, transition and failure strain as well as transition and failure stress were evaluated.The −20 °C, −80 °C, and N2 groups showed a complete decellularization of the superficial and middle zone. In the deep zone cells could not be removed in any experimental group. The biomechanical analysis showed only a reduced elastic modulus in all decellularized samples. No significant differences were found for the other biomechanical parameters.

Processing, microstructure and mechanical response of a shell (Magnesium) – Core (Magnesium + Lithium) hybrid composite

Many environment problems can be prevented by the development of magnesium hybrid materials because of their interesting multifunctional properties as a promising solution. In this study, Mg/Mg-12Li hybrid composite with Mg-12Li as core was prepared using innovative disintegrated melt deposition method. The as-cast Mg/Mg-12Li hybrid composite and pure Mg samples were critically investigated for microstructural and mechanical behavior. The hardness of Mg shell region (67 ± 4 Hv) and Mg-12Li core region (75 ± 3 Hv) was comparatively lower when compared with the hardness of interface region (80 ± 5 Hv). The hybrid Mg/Mg-12Li composite exhibited an increment in compressive failure strain by +52%, a drop in the ultimate compressive strength value by −23% and enhanced ductility by +150% when compared to pure magnesium.