Compression Reinforcement Research Articles

Nonlinear Analysis and Optimization of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Cross-Sections Based on Restoring Force Models

This research presents a simplified approach using a uniaxial restoring force model to analyze the seismic response of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) frames. Nonlinear simulations were conducted to explore how factors like axial compression ratio, reinforcement ratio, and cross-sectional geometry affect the ductility and seismic performance of RAC sections. The findings reveal that a reduction in the axial compression ratio from 0.60 to 0.57 results in a 15% increase in ductility, while a higher reinforcement ratio leads to a 20% enhancement. In addition, rectangular sections were found to be more sensitive to variations in material strength than square sections, offering key insights for structural optimization. The method proposed here also enhances computational efficiency by minimizing resource consumption and improving the convergence of nonlinear iterative procedures. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing the design and seismic evaluation of RAC structures, promoting their broader application in engineering practice.

Data Driven Framework with Graphical User Interface for Predicting Flexural Behavior of FRCM Strengthened RC Beams

In this study, the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with fiber-reinforced cementitious matrices (FRCM) was computed using machine learning (ML) algorithms including: (i) adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), (ii) artificial neural network (ANN), and (iii) extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). A total of 198 pertinent experimental datasets were compiled and included six types of FRCM composites (PBO, carbon, glass, basalt, coated carbon, and combined glass and carbon). The considered input parameters comprise the beam cross-sectional details, area of tensile and compressive steel reinforcement, mechanical properties of FRCM composite, and concrete compressive strength. To assess the reliability of ML models, four existing analytical models and one established standard guideline were used for comparison. Moreover, six statistical metrics were employed, along with an overfitting analysis, to determine the best-fitting model. Graphical fitting of the optimal model was depicted using the Taylor diagram, violin plot, as well as multi-panel histogram plot. Based on both graphical and statistical metrics, the XGBoost model attained the highest precision compared to all analytical and ML-based models. The correlation coefficient and MAPE of the XGBoost model were 0.9977 and 2.98%, respectively. To interpret the influence of individual parameters on the flexural strength of the FRCM-strengthened RC beams, a feature importance plot based on SHAP explanatory theory was deployed. Ultimately, a user-friendly graphical interface was developed and made accessible to aid practicing engineers in estimating the flexural strength of FRCM-strengthened RC beams, offering an effective alternative to complex design procedures.

Comparative study of fibers extracted from the stems and roots of the Cameroonian pennissetum purpureum for their applications in compressed earth brick reinforcement and textile engineering

This work focuses on the extraction and experimental characterization of pennisetum purpureum fibers extracted from stems and roots, harvested in the Batié Kingdom, in the West Region of Cameroon. After extracting fibers using the boiling water technique, they are chemically treated to improve their properties and performance and to facilitate their incorporation into various composite materials. For the physical characterizations, it is measured: the absolute and apparent densities, the linear mass, the water absorption rate, and the diameter via the microscope. The mean values of the diameters and the measure of their frequency distributions are calculated, followed by the statistical analysis using the maximum entropy principle, in order to find the most probable diameter necessary for technological applications. For the mechanical properties, only the tensile tests are performed, with the determination of the young modulus of both the stems and roots. The results thus obtained showed that the fibers of the stems have an absolute density of (1.35 g/cm3), a linear mass of (54.6 tex), an apparent density of (0.45 g/cm3), a water content of (12.73%), an absorption rate of (142.46%), a porosity of (65.91%), a mean diameter of (7 mm), an elastic modulus of (3.98 GPa), a tensile strength of value of (1186.59 MPa) and an elongation of 16.17%, while the root fibers have an absolute density of (1.34 g/cm3), a linear mass (16.76 tex), an apparent density of (0.37845 g/cm3), a water content of (12.25%), an absorption rate of (193.16%), a porosity of (71.92%), a diameter of (4 mm), an elastic modulus of (1.55 GPa), a tensile strength of a value of (1960.35 MPa) and an elongation of 60.6%. Thus, the fibers of the stems have good mechanical properties, which make them an appropriate material in several applications, such as the reinforcement of composite materials.

A failure mechanism seen after the 6th February 2023 Kahramanmara earthquake sequence, buckling of compression reinforcement in RC beams

A failure mechanism seen after the 6^th February 2023 Kahramanmara earthquake sequence, buckling of compression reinforcement in RC beams

Comparison of Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel Plates and Corrugated Steel Plates

To explore the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by steel plates of various shapes, reinforced concrete beams strengthened with steel plates and corrugated steel plates were tested via a two-point loading test. Based on tests, further investigations investigated the deflection of the sample under different loads and the influence of corrugated steel plate properties (thickness, wave height, strength) on the flexural capacity of the reinforced beam, culminating in the development of corresponding numerical models. The findings indicate that the corrugated steel plate has the best reinforcing effect. In contrast to reinforcement utilizing steel plates containing an equivalent quantity of steel material, the corrugated steel plate augments the space within the reinforced beam and the lower shaft region, enhancing the efficiency of the upper compressive steel reinforcement and concrete in bearing loads, bolstering overall load-bearing potential, and exhibiting superior resistance to deformation. To maintain the ductility of the specimen, interface failure must be prevented. Too high wave height will affect the coordination of wave thickness and strength and inhibit the improvement of flexural performance. Therefore, reinforcement design should prioritize wave height determination.

Failure mode analysis and dynamic response prediction of fully confined reinforced concrete slabs under blast loading

Abstract With the development of human society, various accidental explosions and terrorist attacks have occurred frequently, posing a great threat to the safety of building structures. In order to improve the safety of building structure, the finite element model of reinforced concrete slab was established by ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element analysis software. By comparing with the experimental results, the accuracy of the established finite element model was verified, and the failure modes of reinforced concrete slab under different scaled distances were analyzed. The effects of three damage factors: concrete compressive strength, protective layer thickness and reinforcement ratio on the dynamic response of the slab were analyzed. Based on the Π theory of dimensional analysis, the dimensionless relationship between the peak displacement of the mid-span of the plate and the scaled distance of the explosion is obtained. On the basis of a large number of numerical simulation results, the dimensionless relationship for quickly predicting the dynamic response of the plate is summarized. The results show that with the increase of scaled distance, the failure mode of the plate will gradually change from brittle shear failure to plastic bending failure. Increasing the compressive strength and reinforcement ratio of concrete and reducing the thickness of the protective layer can reduce the peak displacement of the mid-span of the slab and improve the anti-explosion performance of the slab. It is verified that the proposed dimensionless prediction relationship can better predict the dynamic response of reinforced concrete slabs at different scaled distances, so as to provide some reference for the field of structural anti-explosion.

+Analytical Approach for Predicting the Moment-Curvature Response of Structural Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams

With the switch towards performance-based design procedures, the prediction of the flexural behavior of lightweight reinforced concrete, LWRC, members using advanced and reliable analytical tools has been of great interest to researchers. This paper proposes nonlinear analytical and numerical procedures based on sectional analysis and finite element methods for predicting the moment-curvature and load-deflection responses of structural LWRC beams subjected to pure bending. The proposed analytical and numerical models were validated experimentally by casting and testing a series of eight full-scale LWRC beams under four-points bending configuration. The effects of different compressive strengths of concrete and tensile reinforcement ratios on the flexural behavior of LWRC were examined. The analytical and numerical predictions of the load-deflection behavior and the moment-curvature and load-deflection responses of the LWRC beams investigated, compared very well with the corresponding responses measured from experiments, and test results of previous studies existing in the literature. Among the parameters evaluated using sensitivity analysis, the compressive strength had a significant influence on the flexural strength and stiffness of LWRC beams, whereas the compressive reinforcement ratio was the most important factors affecting the energy absorption and curvature ductility. Moreover, the theoretical models developed could serve as viable tools for simplifying the design process of structural lightweight reinforced concrete members and enhance their applications.

To assign the length of overlapping joints of compressed reinforcement in one design section of reinforced concrete elements

Introduction. Overlapping reinforcement joints in monolithic reinforced concrete structures are the most common, because they have sufficient simplicity and low labor intensity when installed on a construction site. When designing such joints in structures subject to compressive load, questions often arise related to the need to arrange an increased overlap length of compressed reinforcement in accordance with the requirements of domestic regulatory documents. Aim. The aim of the work is an analysis of modern design practice, as well as available experimental studies of the bearing capacity of compressed reinforced concrete elements with overlapping reinforcement joints located in the same design section. Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out by studying the provisions of domestic and foreign regulatory and technical documentation, as well as the results of experimental studies available in the public domain. Results. The data on the methods available in the design practice for determining the overlap length of compressed reinforcement are systematized, including the case, when the joints are located in the same design section. Conclusions. Based on the results of the work, the existing approaches for assigning the length of the overlap of compressed reinforcement located in the same design section of reinforced concrete structures were analyzed. The methods adopted in Russian and foreign regulatory and technical documents, as well as experimental research on this topic, are considered. Based on the results of the analysis of the available data, it can be said that additional studies to assess the effect of the overlap length of the compressed reinforcement on the strength of reinforced concrete elements can optimize their design solutions – without reducing the required level of reliability.

Comparative study of fibers extracted from the stems and roots of the Cameroonian pennissetum purpureum for their applications in compressed earth brick reinforcement and textile engineering

This work focuses on the extraction and experimental characterization of pennisetum purpureum fibers extracted from stems and roots, harvested in the Batié Kingdom, in the West Region of Cameroon. After extracting fibers using the boiling water technique, they are chemically treated to improve their properties and performance and to facilitate their incorporation into various composite materials. For the physical characterizations, it is measured: the absolute and apparent densities, the linear mass, the water absorption rate, and the diameter via the microscope. The mean values of the diameters and the measure of their frequency distributions are calculated, followed by the statistical analysis using the maximum entropy principle, in order to find the most probable diameter necessary for technological applications. For the mechanical properties, only the tensile tests are performed, with the determination of the young modulus of both the stems and roots. The results thus obtained showed that the fibers of the stems have an absolute density of (1.35 g/cm3), a linear mass of (54.6 tex), an apparent density of (0.45 g/cm3), a water content of (12.73%), an absorption rate of (142.46%), a porosity of (65.91%), a mean diameter of (7 mm), an elastic modulus of (3.98 GPa), a tensile strength of value of (1186.59 MPa) and an elongation of 16.17%, while the root fibers have an absolute density of (1.34 g/cm3), a linear mass (16.76 tex), an apparent density of (0.37845 g/cm3), a water content of (12.25%), an absorption rate of (193.16%), a porosity of (71.92%), a diameter of (4 mm), an elastic modulus of (1.55 GPa), a tensile strength of a value of (1960.35 MPa) and an elongation of 60.6%. Thus, the fibers of the stems have good mechanical properties, which make them an appropriate material in several applications, such as the reinforcement of composite materials.

Thermal and mechanical analysis of thermal break structure in balcony with basalt fiber reinforced polymer

Thermal break structure is an effective design to reduce building energy consumption in balcony. The traditional stainless-steel bars or other FRP components reinforced thermal break structures can't enable both mechanical performance and thermal insulation concurrently because these materials are difficult to have low thermal conductivity and high mechanical properties at the same time. This paper proposes to use basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) to construct the thermal break structure due to the high load-bearing capacity and thermal insultation of BFRP. The thermal performance of the structure is systematically verified through three-dimensional simulation. Influence of thermal break widths, loading point positions, shear reinforcement forms and reinforcement types on the mechanical properties of the structure is investigated. The results show that BFRP can significantly reduce the linear heat transfer transmittance while ensuring structural mechanical properties. A larger thermal break width leads to the low load-bearing capacity of the structure. Lower BFRP compressive reinforcements need enough diameter to provide compressive strength and shear reinforcement forms can significantly increase the mechanical properties of the thermal break. Upper tensile reinforcements can be selected depending on the stiffness and insulation requirements in practical engineering. Based on experimental results, force transfer mechanism is analyzed and the rationality of the structural design is identified. The maximum length of the cantilever slab without shear reinforcement forms is approximately 2.94 m when meets the serviceability limit state. The results suggest that newly designed BFRP thermal break structure can effectively solve thermal bridge problems in balcony.

Ductility assessment of GFRP reinforced concrete beams with a wedge-based mechanical model accounting for discrete fibers and confinement

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars for internal reinforcement for concrete have gained attention due to their non-corrosive properties, high resistance, and electromagnetic transparency. On the other hand, the brittle behavior and low modulus of elasticity of FRP bars limit their application and diffusion in the civil construction market. From this perspective, this work investigates the influence of three components on the increase of ductility of GFRP beams: i) discrete alkali-resistant glass fibers added to the concrete; ii) confinement of the concrete with GFRP stirrups; and iii) use of longitudinal reinforcement on the compression zone. An experimental program including four over-reinforced beams with different reinforcement configurations was conducted. The beams were tested in four-point bending configuration and the use of fibers, stirrups and compression reinforcement contributed to substantially increasing the beam ductility index. Finally, a concrete wedge model was developed to obtain equivalent stress-strain relationships for the concrete in compression. The model was successfully validated against experiments and proved to be a useful tool for rationally evaluating GFRP RC beams’ ductility.

A refined method for designing the strength of normal cross-sections of eccentrically compressed concrete elements with composite polymer reinforcement

Introduction. The operating standards for the design of concrete structures with composite reinforcement SP 295.1325800.2017 do not consider the work of compressed reinforcement when calculating eccentrically compressed elements. The previous studies proposed a method for calculating the strength of normal cross-sections of eccentrically compressed elements. Though this method has shown a reasonably high agreement with the experimental data, it has also indicated some underestimation of the load-bearing capacity of such elements. In this paper, a further analysis of the developed method is performed and suggestions for its refinement are formulated in order to identify additional reserves of strength of concrete elements reinforced with composite reinforcement.Aim. To refine the method for designing the strength of normal cross-sections of eccentrically compressed concrete elements with composite reinforcement, to compare the refined method with experimental and theoretical data, as well as to assess its reliability.Materials and methods. Theoretical studies are based on the results of the tests that included the experimental examination of concrete samples reinforced with composite reinforcement under the action of eccentrically applied static compressive load consisting of four series of specimens with a total of 12 specimens.Results. The suggestions were formulated for specifying the value of the height of the compressed zone, as well as the value of tensile stresses in composite reinforcement for designing the strength of normal cross-sections of eccentrically compressed concrete elements with composite reinforcement.Conclusions. Based on the analysis of experimental data, a refined methodology for designing the strength of normal cross-sections of eccentrically compressed concrete elements reinforced with composite reinforcement is proposed. In addition, the assessment of the proposed refined method is carried out, which proved to have the required level of reliability, while providing the best convergence with the experimental data.

The effect of compression reinforcement on the shear behavior of concrete beams with hybrid reinforcement

The effect of compression reinforcement on the shear behavior of concrete beams with hybrid reinforcement

Predicting and optimizing maximum flexural strength of planar composite plate shear walls – concrete filled with the application of LR and RSM

Traditional theoretical models, while conservative, overlook the complex, nonlinear interactions between material and geometric parameters that influence wall flexural strength. Additionally, the extent to which these models maintain their conservative assumptions across varying parameters remains uncertain. This study aims to develop advanced predictive models for the flexural strength of planar composite plate shear walls—concrete filled (C-PSW/CF) by employing Linear Regression (LR) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Central Composite Design (CCD) was utilized to design numerical experiments to analyze the effects of varying parameters, including steel plate yield strength, concrete compressive strength, wall depth, depth-to-thickness ratio, and reinforcement ratio. A validated complex finite element modeling (FEM) procedure was used to analyze numerical experiments involving varying parameters of the selected variables. Both LR and RSM were applied to the generated dataset to formulate predictive equations for the maximum moment capacity of walls. Interaction plots were developed to reveal the nonlinear relationships between the variables and identify the most effective parameters influencing the wall strength. Comparisons between theoretical predictions, RSM, and LR models revealed that RSM provided the most accurate predictions, closely aligning with FEM results and effectively capturing the nonlinear interactions between wall parameters. The findings of this paper contribute to the development of more practical, accurate and optimized design methods for C-PSW/CF, ultimately improving both structural safety and efficiency.

The Consequence of the Involvement of Flexural, Compression, and Punching Reinforcement Upon Punching Strength

Flat slabs have an important role in concrete buildings due to their architectural flexibility and speed of construction. Punching shear is one of the most important phenomena to be considered during the design of reinforced concrete flat slabs, as this type of failure is brittle and does not predict previously raised alarms before failure. The main factors that affect punching strength in concrete are compressive strength, flexural reinforcement, and punching reinforcement in the form of stirrups, shear studs, or other shapes. This paper is part of a research program operated at the reinforced concrete laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, to evaluate the contribution of horizontal flexural reinforcement, horizontal compression reinforcement, and vertical punching reinforcement on the punching strength of reinforced concrete flat slabs. In this research, fifteen half-scale specimens are cast and tested. The specimens had dimensions of 1100×1100 mm and a total thickness of 120 mm. All specimens were connected to a square column of dimensions 150×150 mm and loaded at the four corners with a supported span of 1000 mm. The main parameters considered in this research included spacing between stirrups, width of the stirrups, number of stirrup branches, ratio of the compression reinforcement, and ratio of the tension reinforcement. During testing, ultimate capacity, steel strain, cracking pattern, and deformation were recorded. The experimental results were analyzed and compared against values estimated from different international design codes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-014 Full Text: PDF

Research on cyclic behavior of precast bridge piers with ECC-socket connections

Precast bridge piers with socket connections (SCPs) have been widely studied and certainly applied in recent years. To reduce the punching failure of socket connections, decrease their construction difficulty, and improve their application in complex environment areas, the embedment depth of SCPs needs to be decreased and the cyclic behavior of SCPs needs to be improved. In this study, engineered cementitious composite (ECC) was firstly introduced to the SCPs, a novel precast bridge piers with ECC-socket connections (SCEs) were proposed. Subsequently, 3D finite element models (FEMs) were established and validated against experimental results. Then, a detailed parametric study was conducted to investigate the cyclic behaviors of SCEs, including the embedment depth, ECC height, axial compression ratio, reinforcement ratio, and concrete compressive strength. Finally, a simplified calculation model was proposed to evaluate the bearing capacity and failure mode of SCEs. The results show that the shear damage of the embedded section is more severe for traditional shallow socket connections. Compared to traditional SCPs, the cyclic behavior of SCEs is better and influenced by ECC height and embedment depth, as well as axial compression ratio, reinforcement ratio, and concrete compressive strength. The simplified calculation model is suitable to evaluate the bearing capacity and failure mode of SCEs.

Comparative study of fibers extracted from the stems and roots of the Cameroonian pennissetum purpureum for their applications in compressed earth brick reinforcement and textile engineering

This work focuses on the extraction and experimental characterization of pennisetum purpureum fibers extracted from stems and roots, harvested in the Batié Kingdom, in the West Region of Cameroon. After extracting fibers using the boiling water technique, they are chemically treated to improve their properties and performance and to facilitate their incorporation into various composite materials. For the physical characterizations, it is measured: the absolute and apparent densities, the linear mass, the water absorption rate, and the diameter via the microscope. The mean values of the diameters and the measure of their frequency distributions are calculated, followed by the statistical analysis using the maximum entropy principle, in order to find the most probable diameter necessary for technological applications. For the mechanical properties, only the tensile tests are performed, with the determination of the young modulus of both the stems and roots. The results thus obtained showed that the fibers of the stems have an absolute density of (1.35 g/cm3), a linear mass of (54.6 tex), an apparent density of (0.45 g/cm3), a water content of (12.73%), an absorption rate of (142.46%), a porosity of (65.91%), a mean diameter of (7 mm), an elastic modulus of (3.98 GPa), a tensile strength of value of (1186.59 MPa) and an elongation of 16.17%, while the root fibers have an absolute density of (1.34 g/cm3), a linear mass (16.76 tex), an apparent density of (0.37845 g/cm3), a water content of (12.25%), an absorption rate of (193.16%), a porosity of (71.92%), a diameter of (4 mm), an elastic modulus of (1.55 GPa), a tensile strength of a value of (1960.35 MPa) and an elongation of 60.6%. Thus, the fibers of the stems have good mechanical properties, which make them an appropriate material in several applications, such as the reinforcement of composite materials.

Evaluation of moment-curvature response and curvature ductility of reinforced UHPC cross-sections

This study deals with the evaluation of moment-curvature response and curvature ductility of reinforced ultra high performance concrete (R-UHPC) cross-sections. Curvature ductility is calculated based on six definitions. The impact of these definitions is demonstrated through the calculation of strength reduction factors and comparisons of factored flexural strength of R-UHPC and reinforced normal strength concrete (R-NSC) cross-sections. Strategies for improving the curvature ductility of R-UHPC cross-sections are presented. A versatile framework to predict the complete moment curvature response of R-UHPC cross-sections is proposed. The proposed procedure is used to study the effect of tension reinforcement ratio, UHPC strain at crack localization, UHPC tension model, UHPC ultimate tensile strain, and compression reinforcement ratio on curvature ductility and complete moment curvature response. It is determined that for a given cross-section, changing the material from NSC to UHPC causes notable reductions in curvature ductility. This reduction applies to: 1) tension and compression reinforcement ratios that range from 0.69–2.78 % and 0 – 1.37 %, respectively; 2) UHPC tension models that feature elasto-plastic and linear strain hardening responses with and without residual branches; and 3) UHPC ultimate tensile strains that range from 0.005–0.015. Such reductions in curvature ductility render the considered R-UHPC cross-sections as members in the transition zone – a classification currently prohibited for R-NSC sections according to ACI 318–19 (22) - while their R-NSC counterparts qualify as tension-controlled. This results in lower strength reduction factors for R-UHPC cross-sections and limits the benefits of UHPC when flexural strength controls design. It is concluded that R-UHPC cross-sections that feature either the highest or the lowest reinforcement ratios provide the highest added benefit from the point of view of enhancing factored flexural strength compared to R-NSC sections. The most effective method to elevate curvature ductility is an increase in the UHPC strain at crack localization. A minimum UHPC strain at crack localization of 0.006 is required to change the classification of cross-sections from the transition zone to tension-controlled. The use of compression reinforcement - an established technique for R-NSC members to induce a change in the flexural failure mode by elevating curvature ductility - was determined to have almost no influence on the curvature ductility of R-UHPC cross-sections.

Finite Element Analysis of Prefabricated Semi-Rigid Concrete Beam–Column Joint with Steel Connections

This paper introduces a novel type of prefabricated semi-rigid concrete beam–column joint, aiming to examine its load-carrying capacity and seismic performance in comparison with a traditional cast-in-place joint. This study utilized the ABAQUS 2020 software to establish finite element models for both types of joints and conducted finite element analysis under low circumferential reciprocating displacement loads. When comparing the energy dissipation capacity, ductility, ultimate load-carrying capacity, stress mechanism, and damage mode, a comprehensive evaluation of the two types of joints was performed. Furthermore, this study investigated the impacts of various factors such as the axial compression ratio, concrete strength, reinforcement strength, and connector strength on the ultimate load-carrying capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation performance of the joints. Based on the findings, the newly combined joint exhibited a substantial 31.7% increase in its ultimate load-carrying capacity, along with a notable 7.23% enhancement in ductility and an improved energy dissipation capacity when compared with the cast-in-place joint. As a result, it can be concluded that the seismic performance of the new joint surpasses that of cast-in-place joints. Additionally, this study examined the impact of modifying relevant parameters on the seismic performance of the new prefabricated semi-rigid concrete beam–column joint.

Experimental Evaluation on Blast Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Structures under Partially Confined Explosion

As the risk of accidental explosions at ammunition storage or hydrogen charging station increases in populated area, it is needed to design the facilities against blast loading, particularly subjected to partially confined explosion. However, the partially confined explosion lacks experimental test data to efficiently design the facilities subjected to the potential threat, when compared to unconfined or confined explosion cases. As a fundamental study on partially confined explosion, two partially buried tunnel-type structures with normal- and high-strength concretes were tested under a weight charge of 5.9 kg TNT explosion. The major parameters were concrete compressive strength and reinforcement ratio. The test result showed that the damage of the concrete structure with normal-strength concrete was extremely severe, whereas that of the specimen with high-strength was relatively mild. Further, finite element (FE) analyses were performed to investigate the confinement effect of blast load. The FE analysis result showed that under partially confined explosion, the reduction of the maximum displacement by using higher concrete strength was significant, while preventing the failure of the structure. This study provides fundamental data for designing the facilities with explosives subjected to the partially confined explosion.