Comprehensive Performance Test Research Articles

Multisolid waste collaborative production of aeolian sand-red mud-fly ash cemented paste backfill

This study proposed the novel idea of anaolian sand-red mud-fly ash cemented paste backfill (ARFCPB) to realize low-carbon backfill mining. This idea realizes large-scale disposal and resource utilization of red mud (RM) and fly ash (FA) solid wastes. The influence of the FA/RM mass ratio and mass concentration on the mechanism of action of ARFCPB was explored through comprehensive rheological performance, mechanical property, microscopic, and leaching toxicity tests. The results showed that the fresh ARFCPB slurry could be described by the Herschel–Bulkley model (R2 ≥ 0.964). As the FA/RM mass ratio increased, the ARFCPB slurry yield stress decreased, the thixotropy decreased, and the slump increased. This is because RM has a large specific surface area and an unsmooth surface, resulting in greater water absorption by RM than by FA. In addition, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of ARFCPB can meet the needs of backfill mining with higher strength requirements. UCS first increases and then decreases with increasing FA/RM mass ratio, which is optimal when the mass ratio of FA to RM is 4. When the FA/RM mass ratio was 4, the UCSs of specimens A4 and B4 with mass concentrations of 78% and 80%, respectively, were 5.6 MPa and 6.4 MPa after 28 days of curing. The leaching results of heavy metal ions in group B4 meet the Class III groundwater standards and can be used for centralized drinking water sources and industrial and agricultural water. Considering the fluidity characteristics, mechanical properties, and leaching results, B4 was identified as the optimal formulation. Finally, the microstructure of the ARFCPB was studied using ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and SEM. The results can contribute to clean production in the aluminum production industry, coal-fired power plants, and coal mines.

SHARED AND DISTINCT ASSOCIATIONS OF MANUAL DEXTERITY AND GROSS MOTOR FUNCTION WITH BRAIN ATROPHY

Abstract Poor motor function is associated with brain volume and cognitive impairment. Less is known about the associations among motor domains and brain atrophy and whether associations are affected by cerebrovascular burden and/or physical activity. We analyzed data from 726 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants (mean age 70.6±10.1 years, 56%women, 27%Black), 525 of whom had repeat MRI scans over 5.0±2.1 years. Two motor domains were operationalized as latent variables. Manual dexterity using the Purdue Pegboard and gross motor function using grip strength and comprehensive physical performance testing. Associations between the latent variables and cortical and subcortical brain volumes of interest were examined using latent growth curve modeling, adjusted for demographics, white matter hyperintensities, and physical activity. Both higher manual dexterity and gross motor function were cross-sectionally associated with smaller ventricular volume and greater white matter volumes in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes (all p<.05). Higher manual dexterity was also cross-sectionally associated with greater parietal gray matter ( =0.14;95%CI:0.05,0.23), hippocampal ( =0.10;95%CI:0.01,0.20), postcentral gyrus ( =0.11;95%CI:0.01,0.20), and occipital white matter ( =0.10;95%CI:0.01,0.21) volumes, and better gross motor function with greater temporal gray matter volume ( =0.16;95%CI:0.05,0.26). Longitudinally, higher manual dexterity and gross motor function were associated with lower temporal white matter and occipital gray matter atrophy (all p<0.05). Greater manual dexterity was also associated with a slower rate of ventricular enlargement ( =-0.17;95%CI:-0.29,-0.05) and less atrophy of occipital white matter ( =0.39;95%CI:0.04,0.71). Among cognitively normal middle- and older-aged adults, manual dexterity and gross motor function exhibited shared as well as distinct associations with brain atrophy over time.

A locally weighted, correlated subdomain adaptive network employed to facilitate transfer learning

Domain adaptation has found extensive applications in diverse fields, including transfer learning, deep learning, and image processing, to effectively address the challenge of mismatched data distributions. Nevertheless, persistent challenges such as limited transfer data and the occurrence of negative transfer continue to exist. These issues not only increase the complexity of model learning but also affect the accuracy of the transfer results. To tackle these challenges, this paper introduces a novel approach called the Related Weighted Subdomain Adaptive Network (RWSAN). This network constructs related subdomain clusters in the source domain to encompass a wider spectrum of associated information. It aims to align target domain subdomains with the related subdomain clusters in the source domain as closely as possible, thus increasing the number of transferable samples from the source domain and solving insufficient transferable samples in some adaptations. To address the issue of negative transfer arising from irrelevant subdomains in the source domain during the transfer process, a related weighted maximum mean discrepancy method is introduced. This method optimizes transfer weights, minimizes the feature distribution disparity between the target domain and the source domain, and mitigates the negative impact of irrelevant subdomains on the target domain, thereby enhancing the accuracy of domain adaptation during transfer. To evaluate the proposed RWSAN method, comprehensive performance tests were conducted using widely used red-green-blue (RGB) and hyperspectral image (HIS) image datasets. The results demonstrate that the RWSAN method effectively resolves insufficient transfer data and negative transfer, proving its high reliability. Additionally, it exhibits excellent performance in error analysis, network convergence analysis, data visualization, and distribution difference.

Development and characterization of thermo-sensitive biomass-based smart foam drainage gas recovery treatment agent

Wellbore fluid accumulation is a common issue associated with gas wells, yet traditional foam drainage gas production technology is hindered by high costs, large amounts of defoamer, and insufficient environmental performance. A biomass polymer with temperature-sensitive response characteristics was developed to improve the efficiency of foam drainage gas recovery technology. Additionally, an intelligent foam solution was prepared that was combined with cationic surfactants. The results of thermo-sensitive performance tests indicate that raising temperature increases the particle size of the copolymer, decreases the surface tension of the solution, increases turbidity, and decreases viscosity. The comprehensive performance test results demonstrate that when the ambient temperature falls below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the foam height of the smart foaming solution is substantially higher than that of surfactant solution for 3 min, up to 57 mm. Smart foaming solution has thermo-sensitive defoaming performance, when the ambient temperature is greater than the LCST, it can quickly defoam within 3 min. After 5 thermal cycles, the foaming height is still as high as 65.6 mm. Its corrosion inhibition rate reaches an optimal value of 45.32% at 50 °C. With its superior temperature resistance, the scale inhibition rate of this smart foam solution remains greater than 40% at 90 °C. Our work provides a basis for the research and development of functional agents and improves the efficiency of foam drainage gas production.

An electrified boom actuation system with energy regeneration capability driven by a novel electro-hydraulic unit

This paper presents a novel electrified solution for linear actuation systems, which has undergone a successful in-vehicle demonstration, marking a significant advancement in this field. Aligned with the growing trend towards electrification, this solution holds promise for a wide range of off-road applications. The showcased electro-hydraulic actuation architecture enables efficient four-quadrant operation and incorporates energy recovery capabilities. At the core of the system lies a distinctive electro-hydraulic unit, integrating a fixed hydraulic pump and a variable-speed electric motor into a compact and powerful entity. A specialized hydraulic system is designed to efficiently transform electrical energy from the electro-hydraulic unit into boom cylinder actuation. The sizing of the system is determined by the boom operation of a commercial compact loader. The maximum power output of the electro-hydraulic system is approximately 15 kW. The components of the proposed system are integrated into the reference vehicle, and comprehensive performance tests are conducted. The results of the tests performed on the vehicle with the boom lifting and lowering cycle indicate an overall system efficiency of 60%. The electrified solution consumes only about one-third of the energy used by the conventional boom actuation system on the reference machine, while exhibiting energy savings exceeding 75% during specific work phases. The energy savings come mainly from energy regeneration and minimal loss from throttling through the specialized hydraulic circuit design. The successful demonstration on the reference vehicle underscores the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed electrified solution in current mobile hydraulic applications.

A Bi-Objective Simulation Facility for Speed and Range Calibration of 24 GHz and 77 GHz Automotive Millimeter-Wave Radars for Environmental Perception

Automotive millimeter-wave radars are widely used to measure kinematic parameters of surrounding objects in the environmental perception of automated vehicles and typically operate in frequency bands of around 24 GHz and 77 GHz. The 24 GHz and 77 GHz automotive millimeter-wave radars are similar in their speed and range measurement principles; however, they are distinct in their accuracies when measuring the above kinematic parameters because of the different carrier frequencies and bandwidths. In order to evaluate the kinematic parameter measurement performances of automotive millimeter-wave radars for environmental perception, this paper proposes a calibration method and establishes a bi-objective simulation facility for the speed and range calibration of 24 GHz and 77 GHz automotive millimeter-wave radars. The feasibility of the proposed calibration method and the accuracy of the established bi-objective simulation facility are verified by the results obtained via experiments conducted on two 24 GHz and 77 GHz millimeter-wave radar samples. According to the speed and range calibration results of the two millimeter-wave radar samples, the 77 GHz millimeter-wave radar sample possesses superior speed measurement accuracy compared with the 24 GHz sample. Additionally, the range measurement errors of the 77 GHz millimeter-wave radar sample are much smaller than those of the 24 GHz sample. This indicates that the 77 GHz millimeter-wave radar sample is more accurate and reliable than the 24 GHz sample. Finally, the 77 GHz millimeter-wave radar sample was tested for its speed and range resolving ability. The results confirm that the bi-objective simulation facility can satisfy the calibration requirements of speed resolution up to 0.01 m/s and range resolution up to 0.1 m. The proposed calibration method and the established simulation facility can easily satisfy the speed, range and resolution calibration requirements of 24 GHz and 77 GHz millimeter-wave radars with high precision and wide range, and can achieve more economical, comprehensive and traceable performance testing on both 24 GHz and 77 GHz automotive millimeter-wave radars for environmental perception.

An exhaustive experimental evaluation on the effects of using Jatropha biodiesel as an admixture in a DI diesel engine powered by waste plastic fuel

ABSTRACT Incorporating jatropha biodiesel into discarded plastic oil and diesel on diesel engines and analysis of six fuel samples, three diesel types and two waste plastic diesel and jatropha biodiesel combinations. Following characterisation, a one-cylinder, DI diesel engine underwent comprehensive performance and emissions testing, involving spectroscopy. Addition of jatropha biodiesel led to reduced viscosity and density of the waste plastic-diesel blend, a 20% decrease in flash point, and 10% reductions in BSEC and BSFC, while lowering the engine's thermal efficiency by 5%. Jatropha biodiesel increased HC by 30%, reduced CO and NOx emissions by 20% and 5%. Both diesel and WPF20D60JB20 exhibited a of 36.45%, with BSEC values at full load of 9.91 and 9.84 MJ/kW-hr. WPF20D60JB20 demonstrated the best performance.

Design of the Integrated Performance Testing Device for Electromagnetic and Static Relays Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

In order to improve the action performance of the relay, this paper designs an electromagnetic static relay comprehensive performance testing device based on MCU. First of all, a master-slave design structure is proposed, which is composed of a low-power, high-performance Cortex-M3 core high-speed microcontroller. Then, the one-time test model and control logic suitable for testing coil resistance, action/return voltage, coil action power, action/recovery time, contact resistance and working power consumption of AC and DC relays are emphatically introduced. Finally, through experiment testing in substations and power plants, the intelligence, rapidity and integrity of the device are verified.

Combination of Nitrogen-Rich Skeleton and Coordination Group: Synthesis of a High-Energy Primary Explosive Based on 1H-Tetrazole-5-Carbohydrazide

The high energy coordination compounds Cu(TZCA)2(ClO4)2 (ECCs-1) was prepared by 1H-tetrazole-5-carbohydrazide (TZCA) with a high energy skeleton and a strong coordination ability group. At the same time, the reaction activity of the ligand was explored, and the single crystal structure of it and intermediate were obtained. The structures of all substances were characterized by IR and EA. And the structure and composition of ECCs-1 are confirmed by ESP, AC, SEM and ICP-OES. Physical and chemical properties tests show that ECCs-1 has an acceptable thermal stability (Td = 177°C) and extremely sensitive mechanical stimulation (IS = 1 J, FS = 5 N). The comprehensive performance test results show that ECCs-1 has excellent initiation ability. In addition, the decomposition mechanism of ECCs-1 is explored from two aspects of experiment and theoretical calculation.

Rheological and anti-moisture characteristics of rubberized reclaimed asphalt pavement with interfacial bond behavior

The application of recycled materials in terms of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and crumb rubber, as an environmental-friendly and sustainable strategy, has become an important topic in the pursuit of long-term growth in the pavement construction field. However, the interfacial bonding behaviors of rubberized reclaimed asphalt were still ambiguous, causing the deteriorated life-performance of pavement. This study analyzed the interfacial bonding characteristics of various rubberized RAP binders with binder bond strength (BBS) test, in terms of two crumb rubber with different mesh sizes and contents, and two RAP sources with different age levels and contents. The high-temperature rheological properties were evaluated through Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test. Additionally, softening point test was also adopted to characterize the high-temperature performances. Moreover, comprehensive mechanical performance tests, including Hamburg wheel track (HWT) test, water boiling test for visual interpretation and indirect tensile strength (ITS) test were conducted to assess the feasibility of rubberized RAP mixture as pavement construction materials. It was reported that the PG temperature of asphalt was increased from 73rom ed thand the stripping of mixture under moisture reduced from 11.98% to 9.20% at least. Finally, a surface interaction model of rubberized RAP binder with colloid structure and statistical analysis were established. This research demonstrated that the reuse of end-of-life materials in pavement was feasible and provided comparable service performance. The surface interpretation with the light components trapping within gel-phase of rubber and the chemical composition oxidization of RAP would ultimately affect the bonding characteristics and properties of rubberized RAP materials, whose interfacial bond mechanism was recommended investigation before application.

Numerical Simulation of Axial-Flow Pump Cavitation Based on Variable Frequency Speed Regulation

In order to investigate the influence of variable voltage and variable frequency (VVVF) regulation on the cavitation performance of the axial-flow pump, numerical simulation and experiments were used to analyze the cavitation performance of an axial-flow pump under different VVVF modes. The VVVF modes were uniform acceleration with constant acceleration, variable acceleration with increasing acceleration, variable acceleration with decreasing acceleration, and its corresponding deceleration scheme. Furthermore, a comprehensive performance test rig was built for the pump to carry out cavitation visualization tests which verified the accuracy of numerical simulation. For the uniform acceleration scheme with constant acceleration, the change of flow field inside the impeller was stable, the expansion rate of cavitation was slow, and the growth rate of the cavitation volume was the slowest. For the variable acceleration scheme with decreasing acceleration, the cavitation extended rapidly due to the large initial velocity. For the variable acceleration scheme with increasing acceleration, cavitation extension was the slowest. The growth rate of the cavity volume of the two variable acceleration schemes was faster than that of the uniform acceleration scheme, and the changing trend was consistent. This feature indicates that the impeller rotation speed has a significant impact on cavitation, and excessive rotation speed will rapidly extend the cavitation. By monitoring the influence of cavitation on pressure distribution under VVVF, it was shown that the three acceleration schemes all produce large pressure fluctuation. For the uniform acceleration scheme with constant acceleration, the fluctuation range of pressure was more balanced, and the pressure dropped slowly. For the acceleration scheme with higher acceleration, the pressure fluctuation amplitude increased in the late stage of acceleration and the pressure decline speed accelerated. For the acceleration scheme with decreasing acceleration, the pressure showed a downward trend with violent fluctuations in the early stage and gradually tended to be flat in the late stage.

Finite Element Analysis and Forming Test of Roll Forging of Thin - wall Inner and Outer Gear Cup

In this paper, a new forming process method for cup-shaped parts with internal and external teeth structure is proposed, and the forming principle is expounded. The forming characteristics of cup-shaped parts with internal and external teeth are analyzed by finite element method. The stress and strain distribution in different regions of internal teeth, external teeth and side wall are studied. The most prone areas of defects are predicted. The process parameters are determined by simulation. The sample trial production is completed on GD 62-380 roll forging machine, and the comprehensive performance test is verified by carrying HPT330 hydraulic automatic gearbox bench.

Implementation of angularly ordered electroweak parton shower in Herwig 7

We discuss the necessary steps for implementing an angularly ordered (AO) electroweak (EW) parton shower in Herwig 7 multi-purpose event generator. This includes calculating the helicity-dependent quasi-collinear EW branching functions that correspond to the full range of final-state EW parton shower, in addition to the initial-state EW gauge vector boson radiations. The results are successfully embedded in the AO Herwig 7 shower algorithm and have undergone a set of comprehensive and conclusive performance tests. Furthermore, we have used this EW parton shower algorithm, alongside the existing QCD + QED AO shower, to predict the angular distributions of W± bosons in LHC events with high transverse momentum jets. These results are compared against the explicitly generated underlying events as well as the existing ATLAS data to show the effectiveness of the newly implemented QCD + QED + EW AO parton shower scheme.

Parglare: A LR/GLR parser for Python

• Deterministic LR parsing. • Generalized GLR parsing. • Integrated scanning. • Declarative disambiguation. • GLR trace visualization. Parglare is a Python parsing library that implements deterministic LR and its generalized extension GLR algorithms. Parglare strives to be easy to use by providing rich error messages, visualization, a CLI tool for grammar development, and good documentation. The same grammar format is used for both algorithms. It is easy to choose either LR parsing if performance is more important or GLR in case a grammar cannot fit into the constraints of deterministic LR parsing and a more powerful parsing is needed. Parglare has been used in data extraction from various textual formats, analysis of legacy source code, and developing and teaching DSL development. The GitHub repository of the project contains multiple examples and a comprehensive functionality and performance test suite.

Design and Calibration of Torque Measurement System of Comprehensive Performance Test Instrument of Industrial Robot Reducer.

The measurement of input and output torque of a precision reducer, the core component of an industrial robot, plays a vital role in evaluating the robot's performance. The TMSIS and TMSOS of a vertical cylindrical high-precision reducer detector were designed and investigated in this study to realize the accurate measurement of input and output torque of the reducer. Because a transmission chain connects the torque transducer and the reducer, the characteristics of the inevitable additional torque are analyzed in detail. A torque calibration device is developed to realize the calibration of the torque measurement system. The readings of the torque calibration device are compared with the data of the instrument's torque measurement system to realize the instrument's torque calibration. The improved particle swarm optimization and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm-based radial basis function neural network is used to compensate for the error of the torque measurement system. The parameters of the RBF neural network are settled according to the characteristics of the additional torque and the torque calibration results. The experimental results show that the torque measurement accuracy of the torque measurement system can reach 0.1% FS after torque calibration and error compensation.

Experimental study on the direct planar metallization on glass by the particle sputtering in laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation

Laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation (LIPAA) is an efficient and low-cost method for processing the metallic pattern on glass. In this study, the metallic sacrificed target was used in the LIPAA process, the feasibility of direct planar metallization on the glass substrate was explored. For this purpose, the morphology and chemical composition of the planar metallization layer on glass substrate, which was fabricated by line-by-line LIPAA, was characterized in detail, and the corresponding metallization regime was clarified. The experimental results indicate that gap distance between the glass specimen and metallic sacrificed substrate has a significant influence on the homogeneity, thickness, compactness, and chemical composition of the metallization layer. In addition, with a small gap distance, the periodic behaviors of generation, accumulation, blockage and spray of the metallic oxide powders between the gap bring about stripes embedded in the metallization layer. Moreover, based on the prepared metallization layer by line-by-line LIPAA, the patterned circuit was fabricated on the glass by laser patterning method and its conductivity was enhanced by successive chemical reduction. The comprehensive performance test for the patterned circuit in terms of morphology, adhesion strength, conductivity demonstrate that the line-by-line LIPAA method presents a great potential for preparing the patterned circuit on glass.

The <i>μ</i>Dose system: determination of environmental dose rates by combined alpha and beta counting – performance tests and practical experiences

Abstract. The μDose system is a recently developed analytical instrument applying a combined α- and β-sensitive scintillation technique for determining the radioactivity arising from the decay chains of 235U, 238U and 232Th as well as from the decay of 40K. The device was designed to meet the particular requirements of trapped charge dating methods and allows the assessment of environmental (i.e. low) levels of natural radionuclides. The μDose system was developed as a piece of low-cost laboratory equipment, but a systematic test of its performance is still pending. For the first time, we present results from a comprehensive performance test based on an inter-laboratory comparison. We compare the results obtained with μDose measurements with those from thick source alpha counting (TSAC), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and low-level high-resolution gamma spectrometry (HRGS) applied in five participating laboratories. In addition, the reproducibility and accuracy of μDose measurements were tested on certified reference materials distributed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA; RGU-1, RGTh-1 and RGK-1) and on two loess standards (Nussy and Volkegem) frequently used in trapped charge dating studies. We compare μDose-based results for a total of 47 sediment samples with results previously obtained for these materials by well-established methods of dose rate determination. The investigated natural samples cover a great variety of environments, including fluvial, aeolian, littoral, colluvial and (geo-)archaeological sites originating from high and low mountain regions as well as from lowlands in tropical areas, drylands and mid-latitude zones of Europe, Africa, Australia, Central Asia and the Americas. Our results suggest the μDose system's capability of assessing low-level radionuclide contents with very good accuracy and precision comparable to well-established dosimetry methods. Based on the results of our comparative study and with respect to the practical experiences gained so far, the μDose system appears to be a promising tool for trapped charge dating studies.

Long-term effectiveness of behavioural intervention in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Southeast China \u2013 a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder. Behavioural intervention in preschool children with ADHD is considered effective. This study discussed the long-term effectiveness of behavioural intervention in the context of nondrug therapy.MethodsThe study was a prospective, randomised controlled trial in which 201 preschoolers diagnosed with ADHD who were not receiving any treatment were assigned to two groups from January 2018 to May 2019, 101 were assigned to the conventional group and 100 to the behavioural intervention group. The behavioural intervention group included parental training, behavioural therapy, attention training, relief therapy and game therapy, in addition to the conventional group offerings. Children were evaluated at a baseline, at the end of the 12-month intervention and six months after the intervention. The primary and secondary outcome variables included attention time, the impulse-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index from Conners parent symptom questionnaire (PSQ), full-scale attention quotient (FAQ) and full-scale response control quotient (FRCQ) from integrated visual and auditory comprehensive continuous performance tests. The attention time was observed and recorded by parents, and others were performe(PSQ)d by physicians in the clinic. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS V26.0 (IBM), including the descriptive statistics and mixed-effects models and so on.ResultsThe participants’ mean age was (66.17±9.00) months in the behavioural group and (67.54±6.22) months in the conventional group .A total of 190 participants completed a follow-up six months after the intervention. The attention time, Conners parent symptom questionnaire (PSQ), full-scale attention quotient (FAQ) and full-scale response control quotient (FRCQ) increased significantly over time, and the behavioural group improvements were higher than those of conventional group. There was a significant main effect of time (pretest/posttest/follow-up) and group on all outcome measures (t =-12.549-4.069, p<0.05), and a significant interaction of time and group on attention time, impulsivity/hyperactivity, FAQ and FRCQ (t =-3.600-3.313, p<0.05).ConclusionBehavioural intervention can effectively improve behaviour management and relieve symptoms in children with ADHD. These effects lasted at least six months. This study provides a promising approach for improving clinical efficacy with preschool children with ADHD.

Phase change material heat storage performance in the solar thermal storage structure employing experimental evaluation

One of the most investigated and broadly used mediums in the solar thermal storage systems is using phase change materials. In this research, a comprehensive performance test bench for solar thermal utilization system using a controllable heater to substitute different levels of solar input was established. The test bench is not limited by the weather and equipped with alternative heat storage tanks for different PCMs. The heat storage structure and the performance of paraffin in low temperature system was examined using numerical simulation method. The results showed that the heating power received by PCM was stable at 6–8 kW under the heating condition of 85 °C. At the stage of incompletely melting, the temperature difference between the inside and outside was as high as 31.6, which can reduce the loss of heat to a great extent.

A New Knowledge Distillation Method for Object Detection Based on EMD

As a common method of model compression, the knowledge distillation method can distill the knowledge from the complex large model with strong learning ability to student small model with weak learning ability in the training process, to improve the accuracy and performance of the small model. At present, there has been much knowledge distillation methods specially designed for object detection and achieved good results. However, almost all methods failed to solve the problem of performance degradation caused by the high noise in the current detection framework. In this study, we proposed a feature automatic weight learning method based on EMD to solve these two problems. That is, the EMD method is used to process the space vector to reduce the impact of negative transfer and noise as much as possible, and at the same time, the weights are allocated adaptive to reduce student model’s learning from the teacher model with poor performance and make students more inclined to learn from good teachers. The loss (EMD Loss) was redesigned, and the HEAD was improved to fit our approach. We have carried out different comprehensive performance tests on multiple datasets, including PASCAL, KITTI, ILSVRC, and MS-COCO, and obtained encouraging results, which can not only be applied to the one-stage and two-stage detectors but also can be used radiatively with some other methods.