Comprehensive Evaluation Of Effects Research Articles

Comprehensive evaluation of corrosion inhibition performance and ecotoxicological effect of cinchona IIa as a green corrosion inhibitor for pickling of Q235 steel

Here, to prevent the corrosion of Q235 steel in the pickling and discover novel green corrosion inhibitors, the corrosion inhibition performance and eco-toxicity of cinchonain IIa were evaluated. Electrochemical experiments confirms that 200 mg/L cinchonain IIa reveals good corrosion inhibition performance with 94.08% on Q235 steel in HCl for 48 h. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) observations suggest that cinchonain IIa can be firmly attached to the metal surface by forming a barrier film. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results further verify the bonding interaction between the functional groups and the steel matrix, and indicate the existence of protective film on the steel. Meanwhile, the inhibition mechanism at the molecular/atomic level is revealed through molecular dynamics simulation. Additionally, acute toxicity test shows that cinchonain IIa is a low toxic corrosion inhibitor. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activity experiments confirm that cinchonain IIa discloses no obvious damage to the antioxidant system of zebrafish. Overall, cinchonain IIa exhibits low potential risks to the healthy development of aquatic organisms and ecosystems. As a proven green and low toxic corrosion inhibitor, cinchonain IIa has a sustainable application in the anti-corrosion industry.

An economic evaluation of vagus nerve stimulation as an adjunctive treatment to anti-seizure medications for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy in the United States

IntroductionPeople with recurrent epileptic seizures are typically treated with anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Around a third of epilepsy patients fail to achieve an adequate response to ASMs and may be eligible to receive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy for their drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) if they are unsuited to surgery. VNS received approval from the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration agency. However, there has to date been no comprehensive cost effectiveness evaluation of VNS within the US setting. This study was designed, using a US Medicare perspective, to estimate costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with VNS as an adjunct to ongoing ASM therapy, compared to ASMs alone.MethodsWe developed a cohort state transition model in Microsoft Excel, with four health states defined by different percentage reductions in seizure frequency, with a 3-month cycle and transition probabilities derived from published clinical trials and registry data. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to understand the impact of parameter uncertainty. Costs included the VNS device, placement, programming, battery changes, and removal; ASM therapy; adverse events associated with VNS (dyspnea, hoarseness, and cough); and costs associated with seizure burden (i.e. hospitalizations, emergency department visits, neurologist visits).ResultsUnder base case assumptions, treatment with VNS was associated with a 0.385 QALY gain and a $109,678 saving per patient, when compared with ASM therapy alone. The incremental net monetary benefit (iNMB) was $128,903 at a threshold of $50,000 per QALY, with the positive iNMB indicating that VNS is a highly cost effective treatment. This result is explained by the modeled reduction in relative seizure frequency and associated reduction in healthcare resource use that the VNS group experienced. Sensitivity analyses supported this conclusion.ConclusionsVNS was evaluated as a cost effective addition to the current standard of care in the treatment of DRE in the US Medicare context.

Supporting optimization of thick seam roadway with top coal based on orthogonal matrix analysis

Aiming at the problem of large deformation and difficulty in surrounding rock control of the top coal roadway in thick seam, theoretical analysis, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, orthogonal matrix analysis and other methods were used to study the roof deformation and support parameter optimization of the top coal roadway in thick seam. Firstly, the structural model and roof mechanical model of the top coal roadway in thick seam were established, and the deformation coefficient TK was defined based on the relationship between curvature radius and bending moment, maximum bending moment and ultimate tensile strength of beam. According to the ratio of deformation rate between TK and beam to determine the roof deformation mode of top coal roadway, the discriminant conditions of roadway roof stability under two deformation conditions are obtained. Due to the characteristics of serious coal-rock fragmentation, large roof deformation, and integration of top coal and side coal. Therefore, the combined support method of “high prestressed long and short anchor cables” is proposed by double arch bearing structure control technology. Finally, based on the orthogonal matrix analysis method of supporting parameters optimization of the top coal roadway in thick seam, the analysis amount of supporting scheme is significantly reduced, the comprehensive evaluation of multi-factor and multi-supporting effect of roadway support is realized, and the optimal supporting scheme is obtained. Compared with the surrounding rock of the roadway without support, the deformation of the roof is reduced by 27.27%, the deformation of the two sides is reduced by 45.24%, and the tensile failure volume is reduced by 54.66%. The top coal roadway in thick seam has been effectively controlled, which provides guarantee for high yield and high efficiency of the mine.

Evaluation method for the hyperspectral image camouflage effect based on multifeature description and grayscale clustering

Hyperspectral images have a special attribute with both spectral and spatial information, which is of great significance for the evaluation of the stealth performance of camouflaged targets. Aiming at the problems of a single evaluation index and the low credibility of traditional optical camouflage evaluation methods, this paper proposes a grayscale clustering camouflage effect evaluation method based on multifeature descriptions of hyperspectral images using similarity indicators that reflect different spectral characteristics of the target and background. From the perspective of spectrum and human visual contrast, a comprehensive evaluation index system including spectral distance feature, spectral derivative feature, curve shape feature and spatial texture feature is constructed by combining spatial–spectral multi-feature constraints. At the same time, an improved Delphi method is proposed to simulate the expert decision-making process, and better evaluation weights are obtained by comparison and screening. The comprehensive evaluation of camouflage effect based on whitening function gray clustering is realized. The proposed method can not only give the “excellent” and “bad” of camouflage effect qualitatively, but also calculate the comprehensive score of camouflage effect by model.

Research on the Application of Virtual Simulation Technology in Stomatology

In view of the poor safety of traditional stomatology teaching experiments, large material loss and low teaching efficiency, it is proposed to apply virtual simulation technology to stomatology experiments. By building a digital virtual simulation dentist training system, using virtual simulation technology to help students enter the virtual simulation system environment, so that students can have an immersive, interactive and conceptual experience through this system. The specific method is to select experience courses, module clearance training models, comprehensive training and training plans for comprehensive evaluation of training effects, and conduct skill training for students in different stages of oral clinical practice. After the training is completed, subjective and objective evaluations will be made on the students being trained using the virtual simulation training system. The survey results show that the construction of a digital virtual simulation dentist training system and the development and application of targeted training plans for students at all stages can enhance students' professional interest in dental clinics and operational skills, and provide a safe, efficient and energy-saving approach for dentistry students. Training mode.

Research on the Effect Evaluation and the Time-series Evolution of Public Culture's Internet Communication under the Background of New Media: Taking the Information Dissemination of Red Tourism Culture as an Example

The emergence of new online media has promoted the communication of public cultural information, and systematic evaluation of its communication effectiveness has become an increasingly important research topic. This article aims to enrich and improve the evaluation index system for the effect of public cultural network communication and provide suggestions for improving the effect of public cultural network communication and constructing a good communication ecology. Based on factors such as propagation force, guiding force, and influence, this article crawled 78,140 pieces multi-source heterogeneous of nine Altmetrics index data from Sina Weibo, Baidu, Sogou, Bilibili, and other platforms, constructs the evaluation index system of public culture network communication effect under the background of new media, and quantifies and analyzes the network communication effect of red public culture in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. On this basis, the time-series evolution of communication effect is modeled and analyzed, and the law of communication is found systematically. The study finds that the communicating effect of red public culture varies significantly and has a large room for improvement overall; the communicating effect improves steadily with seasonal changes, and the communicating effect in summer and autumn is better than the other two seasons; the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (1,1,1) model can better present the dynamic changes of cultural communication system after the first-order difference of the time-series data. This article innovatively embeds the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei red culture in the public cultural construction system and research system, and a comprehensive communication effect evaluation index system is constructed to measure the effect of public culture network communication under the background of new media and analyze its dynamic evolution.

Cumulative Millisecond-Long Sampling for a Comprehensive Energetic Evaluation of Aqueous Ionic Liquid Effects on Amino Acid Interactions

The interactions of amino acid side-chains confer diverse energetic contributions and physical properties to a protein's stability and function. Various computational tools estimate the effect of changing a given amino acid on the protein's stability based on parametrized (free) energy functions. When parametrized for the prediction of protein stability in water, such energy functions can lead to suboptimal results for other solvents, such as ionic liquids (IL), aqueous ionic liquids (aIL), or salt solutions. However, to our knowledge, no comprehensive data are available describing the energetic effects of aIL on intramolecular protein interactions. Here, we present the most comprehensive set of potential of mean force (PMF) profiles of pairwise protein-residue interactions to date, covering 50 relevant interactions in water, the two biotechnologically relevant aIL [BMIM/Cl] and [BMIM/TfO], and [Na/Cl]. These results are based on a cumulated simulation time of >1 ms. aIL and salt ions can weaken, but also strengthen, specific residue interactions by more than 3 kcal mol-1, depending on the residue pair, residue-residue configuration, participating ions, and concentration, necessitating considering such interactions specifically. These changes originate from a complex interplay of competitive or cooperative noncovalent ion-residue interactions, changes in solvent structural dynamics, or unspecific charge screening effects and occur at the contact distance but also at larger, solvent-separated distances. This data provide explanations at the atomistic and energetic levels for complex IL effects on protein stability and should help improve the prediction accuracies of computational tools that estimate protein stability based on (free) energy functions.

A dual-branch multi-feature deep fusion network framework for hyperspectral image classification

Recent research has proven that deep learning models are effective at mining the rich spectral-spatial information of hyperspectral images and attaining high classification performance. In this study, an end-to-end two-branch multi-feature deep fusion network framework (MFDFN) is proposed, combining object-oriented features of hyperspectral images after multi-scale super-pixel segmentation and original image point-image element neighbourhood block features, and designing different network modules in the upper and lower branches for different features in order to extract more distinguishable and advantageous features for classification. For the second part, a series spectral-spatial feature learning modules and augmentation modules for spatial feature learning are being developed to learn these features in a continuous manner while also effectively fusing features from various depth layers. It also uses a variety of techniques (BN, Dropout, residual join, etc.) to speed up the model’s convergence, avoid overfitting, and improve the model’s generalization performance. In addition, experiment results on the Indian Pines, University of Pavia, Tea, and Salinas datasets reveal that the proposed MFDFN framework outperforms current deep-learning-based methods in terms of comprehensive classification effectiveness evaluation.

There is a Good Consistency Between Reflux Symptom Score-12 and Reflux Symptom Index in Chinese Population

To investigate the consistency between the Reflux Symptom Score-12 (RSS-12) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) in Chinese people. Patients with symptoms of LPR from the outpatient otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery clinic were included. All included patients completed the RSS-12 and RSI. The patient with RSS-12>11 or RSI>13 suggested possible LPR. For the patients with RSI >13 or RSS-12>11, they were treated using diet recommendations and were prescribed a twice-daily pantoprazole for 12 weeks. The consistency between the RSS-12 and RSI was compared with the weighted Cohen's kappa statistic. A total of 258 patients were included. The mean scores for RSS-12 and RSI were 13.21±17.31 and 12.86±6.15, respectively. The positive rate of LPR was 17.44% based on the RSI, and 24.42% based on the RSS-12. The kappa value between the RSS-12 and RSI was 0.736 (P < 0.001). Following 12 weeks of treatment, there was a significant reduction in both RSI and RSS-12. Based on the RSI, 73% of patients had a good treatment response, whereas according to the RSS-12, 85% of patients had a good treatment response. There is a good consistency between RSS-12 and RSI, meaning that the RSS-12 is a feasible LPR initial screening tool. The RSS-12 provides a more comprehensive evaluation of reflux symptoms and treatment effect than RSI in patients with LPR.

Selenium-Enriched and Ordinary Black Teas Regulate the Metabolism of Glucose and Lipid and Intestinal Flora of Hyperglycemic Mice.

Black tea is one of the six major tea categories and has a variety of bioactivities. However, little is known about its comprehensive evaluation of hypoglycemic effects and potential mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the in vivo hypoglycemic activity and potential mechanism for aqueous extracts of ordinary black tea (BT) and selenium-enriched black tea (Se-BT) by using an established high-fat diet together with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic mouse model. Additionally, we also explored their α-glucosidase inhibition activity. The results show that both BT and Se-BT had a favorable glycosidase inhibitory activity. Moreover, the intervention of BT and Se-BT could regulate the mRNA expression and the level of serum parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolisms. Accordingly, they could activate the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway and alleviate insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia. Moreover, supplementation of BT and Se-BT increased the richness and diversity of intestinal flora and altered the abundance of beneficial and harmful bacteria. Both BT and Se-BT could regulate glucose metabolism, alleviate tissue damage, and restore intestinal flora dysbiosis, suggesting that they could be used as a natural functional food for preventing hyperglycemia.

Assessing Integrated Effectiveness of Rural Socio-Economic Development and Environmental Protection of Wenchuan County in Southwestern China: An Approach Using Game Theory and VIKOR

A scientific and comprehensive effectiveness evaluation is a prerequisite for clarifying the guiding direction of rural socio-economic development and environmental protection. By using the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method and weight combination based on game theory, this paper systematically assessed the integrated effectiveness of rural socio-economic development and environmental protection (IERSE) of Wenchuan County in 2018 from the administrative village scale perspective. Results showed that: (1) VIKOR with combined weight and Jenks Natural Breaks Classification is both comprehensive and feasible for large-sample-size evaluation, such as IERSE assessment. (2) The general IERSE of Wenchuan demonstrated considerable positive outcomes. The villages with favorable scores were located along the northwest-central-southeast, whereas unfavorable ones were principally distributed in the northeast and south-central regions. Local spatial agglomeration of favorable IERSE was found in Miansi, Wolong, and Sanjiang Town, whereas the agglomeration of unfavorable IERSE was seen in Yingxiu and Xuankou Town. (3) The IERSE of Wenchuan is mainly constrained by ecological conservation and villagers’ autonomy from the village-scale perspective. Villages with favorable IERSE are chiefly constrained by the education level of the village heads or Party secretaries, while villages with unfavorable IERSE are restricted by ecological conservation. To improve the IERSE in rural Wenchuan, thoroughly taking into account the restrictive factors of local IERSE is an essential step for putting forward differentiated and targeted recommendations connected with ecological environment management, as well as social development initiatives.

RESEARCH ON VALIDITY MEASUREMENT OF MEGACITIES RENEWAL POLICIES AND SUITABILITY SCALE FOR URBAN REMOTE SENSING DATA APPLICATIONS: TAKING BEIJING’S DUAL CONTROL POLICY AS AN EXAMPLE

Abstract. Urban renewal has become the application hotspot of urban remote sensing development in recent years. However, scientific distribution of weight relationship between indicators reflecting progress and effectiveness of different urban renewal goals and tasks, and comprehensive evaluation of effectiveness of policies in the existing indicator system require further in-depth research. In particular, there is no clear standard for application caliber of remote sensing data of different cities in spatial indicators. Taking Beijing’s dual control policy as an example, this paper measures effectiveness of mega-city renewal policies represented by Beijing based on analytic hierarchy process, and analyzes types of remote sensing data suitable for urban renewal. In addition, the suitability scale of urban remote sensing data application is given through case studies. By analyzing the actual validity of Beijing’s dual-control policy implementation, it is concluded that the application scale of urban remote sensing data for urban renewal suitability is remote sensing image big data &gt; remote sensing data artificial intelligence algorithm &gt; remote sensing image historical data &gt; remote sensing big data. It is necessary to focus on automatic identification and exploration of spatial changes based on remote sensing, design and calculation of spatial indicators of urban physical examination based on remote sensing in the future. Furthermore, work needs to be carried out to further improve evaluability, accuracy and objectivity of practical application of remote sensing data in different cities for urban renewal, and explore establishment of a clear urban physical examination system and remote sensing data application system guidelines.

Evaluation of Formalin-Fixed and FFPE Tissues for Spatially Resolved Metabolomics and Drug Distribution Studies.

Fixation of samples is broadly used prior to the histological evaluation of tissue samples. Though recent reports demonstrated the ability to use fixed tissues for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) based proteomics, glycomics and tumor classification studies, to date comprehensive evaluation of fixation-related effects for spatially resolved metabolomics and drug disposition studies is still missing. In this study we used matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MSI to investigate the effect of formalin-fixation and formalin-fixation combined with paraffin embedding on the detectable metabolome including xenobiotics. Formalin fixation was found to cause significant washout of polar molecular species, including inorganic salts, amino acids, organic acids and carnitine species, oxidation of endogenous lipids and formation of reaction products between lipids and fixative ingredients. The slow fixation kinetics under ambient conditions resulted in increased lipid hydrolysis in the tissue core, correlating with the time-dependent progression of the fixation. Paraffin embedding resulted in subsequent partial removal of structural lipids resulting in the distortion of the elucidated biodistributions.

Power to Detect Moderated Effects in Studies with Three-Level Partially Nested Data

Comprehensive evaluation of treatment effects is aided by considerations for moderated effects. In educational research, the combination of natural hierarchical structures and prevalence of group-administered or shared facilitator treatments often produces three-level partially nested data structures. Literature details planning strategies for a variety of experimental designs when moderation effects are of interest but has yet to establish power formulas for detecting moderation effects in three-level partially nested designs. To address this gap, we derive and assess the accuracy of power formulas for detecting the different types of moderation effects possible in these designs. Using Monte Carlo simulation studies, we probe power rates and adequate sample sizes for detecting the different moderation effects while varying common influential factors including variance in the outcome explained by covariates, magnitude of the moderation effect, and sample sizes. The power formulas developed improve the planning of experimental studies with partial nesting and encourage the inclusion of moderator variables to capture for whom and under what conditions a treatment is effective. Educational researchers also have some initial guidance regarding adequate sample sizes and the factors that influence detecting moderation effects in three-level partially nested designs.

An Evaluation Model of Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of Prefabricated Buildings Based on Cloud Model from the Perspective of Construction Supply Chain

Prefabricated buildings are the future direction of the construction industry. The carbon reduction in prefabricated buildings has attracted increasing attention due to its importance to low-carbon and energy savings in the construction industry and achieving China’s “dual carbon” goal. Although research has been conducted on carbon reduction in prefabricated buildings, the use of cloud models for carbon reduction effect evaluation has not been explored. This study therefore aims to develop a cloud model-based evaluation of the carbon emission reduction effect for prefabricated buildings incorporating the characteristics of prefabricated buildings and the building supply chain. The developed model can support assessments of the whole life cycle phases of a prefabricated building. Firstly, carbon flow analysis is carried out from the perspective of the construction supply chain, and the carbon emission reduction effect evaluation index system of prefabricated buildings is established, which contains 5 guideline layers and 26 carbon emission reduction indicators. Secondly, the Continuous Ordered Weighted Averaging operator (C-OWA) is used to calculate the index weight calculation, and the cloud model is applied to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the carbon emission reduction effect. Finally, this model is applied to evaluate the carbon emission reduction effect in the case of a building. The case study validated the efficiency of the developed model. This study extends the knowledge of carbon emission reduction by addressing specific characteristics of prefabrication and the construction supply chain. This validated model will enhance the willingness to apply prefabricated buildings to reduce carbon emissions and achieve the “dual carbon” goal.

Impact of pregnancy related hormones on drug metabolizing enzyme and transport protein concentrations in human hepatocytes.

Pregnancy alters the disposition and exposure to multiple drugs indicated for pregnancy-related complications. Previous in vitro studies have shown that pregnancy-related hormones (PRHs) alter the expression and function of certain cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in human hepatocytes. However, the impact of PRHs on hepatic concentrations of non-CYP drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transport proteins remain largely unknown. In this study, sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH) from five female donors were exposed to vehicle or PRHs (estrone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, cortisol, and placental growth hormone), administered individually or in combination, across a range of physiologically relevant PRH concentrations for 72 h. Absolute concentrations of 33 hepatic non-CYP DMEs and transport proteins were quantified in SCHH membrane fractions using a quantitative targeted absolute proteomics (QTAP) isotope dilution nanoLC-MS/MS method. The data revealed that PRHs altered the absolute protein concentration of various DMEs and transporters in a concentration-, isoform-, and hepatocyte donor-dependent manner. Overall, eight of 33 (24%) proteins exhibited a significant PRH-evoked net change in absolute protein concentration relative to vehicle control (ANOVA p < 0.05) across hepatocyte donors: 1/11 UGTs (9%; UGT1A4), 4/6 other DMEs (67%; CES1, CES2, FMO5, POR), and 3/16 transport proteins (19%; OAT2, OCT3, P-GP). An additional 8 (24%) proteins (UGT1A1, UGT2B4, UGT2B10, FMO3, OCT1, MRP2, MRP3, ENT1) exhibited significant PRH alterations in absolute protein concentration within at least two individual hepatocyte donors. In contrast, 17 (52%) proteins exhibited no discernable impact by PRHs either within or across hepatocyte donors. Collectively, these results provide the first comprehensive quantitative proteomic evaluation of PRH effects on non-CYP DMEs and transport proteins in SCHH and offer mechanistic insight into the altered disposition of drug substrates cleared by these pathways during pregnancy.

Application of comprehensive evaluation methods in the clinical efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine: a narrative review

Background and Objective: Clinical effect is necessary for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The conventional single primary outcome evaluation method is difficult to reflect the advantages of multi-target and multi-dimensional treatment of TCM. The comprehensive evaluation method can combine multiple dimensional outcomes such as Western medicine-related outcomes, TCM-related syndromes, and patient report outcomes into a single-dimensional comprehensive outcome, which can reflect the advantages of the multi-dimensional efficacy of TCM, and has been gradually applied to the clinical efficacy of TCM in recent years. In this study, we aimed to introduce comprehensive evaluation methods and guide TCM researchers use these methods correctly, then provide methodological aid for the comprehensive and objective evaluation of true clinical effect of TCM.

Study on comprehensive evaluation of environmental pollution treatment effect in coal mine subsidence area: taking Xinglongzhuang mining area of Yanzhou energy as an example.

In order to explore the effective evaluation method of environmental pollution treatment effect in China's coal mine subsidence areas, based on the literature review and analysis of current situation, combined with the reality of environmental pollution treatment (EPT) in China's coal mine subsidence areas, this paper selected four categories, including a total of 21 evaluation indicators, and drew lessons from the latest research results in relevant fields to construct the spatial niche suitability model of comprehensive evaluation of environmental pollution treatment effect in coal mine subsidence area. Taking the collapse area of Xinglongzhuang coal mine of Yanzhou energy as an example, the comprehensive evaluation and application of environmental pollution treatment effect in coal mine subsidence area were studied. It is found that the environmental pollution treatment effect of the mining area has increased from moderate pollution (level III) in 2012 to mild pollution (level I) in 2020 within 9years. The environmental pollution treatment effect has a rapid improvement relatively, but its growth rate has decreased year by year since 2016, and the environmental pollution indicator is still at a high level. Therefore, environmental pollution treatment in the subsidence area is still a long-term task of Dongtan coal mine. The research results of this paper provide an effective quantitative analysis method for the evaluation of environmental pollution treatment effect in coal mine subsidence area, which is conducive to the continuous improvement of environmental pollution treatment effect in mining area.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Effects on Water-Level Deficits on Tomato Polyphenol Composition, Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Capacity.

Tomatoes have high nutritional value and abundant bioactive compounds. Moderate water deficit irrigation alters metabolic levels of fruits, improving composition and quality. We investigated the effects of water deficit (T1, T2, T3, and T4) treatments and adequate irrigation (CK) on tomato polyphenol composition, antioxidant capacity, and nutritional quality. Compared with CK, the total flavonoid content increased by 33.66% and 44.73% in T1 and T2, and total phenols increased by 57.64%, 72.22%, and 55.78% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The T2 treatment significantly enhanced antioxidant’ capacities (ABTS, HSRA, FRAP, and DPPH). There were multiple groups of significant or extremely significant positive correlations between polyphenol components and antioxidant activity. For polyphenols and antioxidant capacity, the classification models divided the treatments: CK and T4 and T1–T3. The contents of soluble solids, soluble protein, vitamin C, and soluble sugar of the treatment groups were higher than those of CK. The soluble sugar positively correlated with sugar–acid ratios. In the PCA-based model, T3 in the first quadrant indicated the best treatment in terms of nutritional quality. Overall, comprehensive rankings using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed T2 > T1 > T3 > T4 > CK. Therefore, the T2 treatment is a suitable for improving quality and antioxidant capacity. This study provides novel insights into improving water-use efficiency and quality in the context of water scarcity worldwide.

Effectiveness evaluation method of constellation satellite communication system with acceptable consistency and consensus under probability hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy preference relationship

System effectiveness evaluation is an essential part of constellation satellite communication system research, with applications in project verification and optimization as well as tactical and technical measurement argumentation. This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive effectiveness evaluation method for a constellation satellite communication system under a probabilistic hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy preference relationship (PHIFPR), aiming to address the fuzziness and uncertainty in effectiveness evaluation. First, a proposed definition of PHIFPR describes the hesitancy of evaluators, provides hesitancy distribution information, and depicts the worst negative information and risk preferences in effectiveness evaluation. Then, we deduce the approximate consistency index of PHIFPR and establish a mathematical programming model to increase individual consistency when the approximate consistency index does not reach a predetermined level. In the sequel, a proposed group consensus index uses the PHIFPR-based Hausdorff distance to measure the closeness between evaluators’ judgments. Afterwards, a consistency and consensus improvement model is designed to retain the original opinions of evaluators to make the consistency and consensus of PHIFPRs acceptable. Moreover, a goal programming model is established to gain the approximate priority weights of schemes regarding the approximate consistency condition of a PHIFPR as a fuzzy constraint. Finally, an experimental example is offered to highlight the practicability and feasibility of the proposed method, and some comparative analyses with other methods offer insights into the designed method.