Comprehensive Education Program Research Articles

Saudi School Children's Oral Health and Hygiene Literacy and Behaviors

Background: Awareness, attitude, and routines greatly affect oral health. This survey examined Saudi schoolchildren's oral hygiene knowledge, attitude, and behavior in Al Qassim. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Al Qassim region, focusing on school children. The study utilized a pretested online questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The initial segment of the questionnaire documented the participants' age and dental background, while also capturing their respective experiences. The subsequent section addressed the topics of dental hygiene and dental appointments. The third section of the study was the assessment of students' knowledge on oral hygiene. Results: The study revealed that 39% of the students possessed a satisfactory level of oral hygiene knowledge. However, it was observed that students who brushed their teeth regularly or twice a day exhibited a considerably greater level of oral hygiene knowledge (p<0.001). Approximately 56.8% of the student population indicated experiencing oral issues, whereas 20.7% disclosed never having sought dental care during their lifetime. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of dental visits seen among students aged 12 years and older last year (p=0.010). Conclusion: It is imperative for educational institutions in Saudi Arabia to initiate the integration of a comprehensive oral health education program that encompasses both students and their parents.

Effectiveness of a Comprehensive School-Based Sex Education Program for Young Adolescents in the Netherlands.

Most sexual education programs traditionally focused on providing sexual information regarding the risks of sex. However, current studies on sexual behavior in youth show a need for truly comprehensive sex education approaches with a sex-positive focus on sexuality, that effectively improve sexual competence. Therefore, in the current study the effectiveness of "Love is…", a four lesson school-based program based on the Sexual Interactional Competence model and Attitude-Social-Influence-Self-Efficacy-model was studied. A cluster-randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of "Love is…" was conducted in 2018-2020. The sample consisted of 1160 adolescents in grades 8 and 9 from nine schools in the Netherlands. The sample was 48% female, 34% Dutch/Caucasian, 41% none-religious and 50% higher educated. They were randomized at class level into a program group [n = 32 classes; 567 students (Mage = 13.74 (SD = 0.74))] and a control group [n = 31 classes; 593 students (Mage = 13.86 (SD = 0.73))]. Results showed that "Love is…" increased sexual knowledge, that adolescents in the program group showed less cyber victim blaming attitudes and increased in communications skills after the program. In conclusion, the current study shows that "Love is…" was effective not only on the knowledge level, but also regarding sexual attitudes and competences. However, due to the developmental process of sexuality, there is a necessity to continue lessons in following grades through booster sessions by reinforcing competences as communicating comfortably about sexuality.On 12 November 2019 the study design and hypotheses were registered in the Dutch Trial Registration, number NL8150. ( https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/trial/26676 ).

A comprehensive interventional program based on the needs and concerns related to female genital cosmetic surgeries: protocol for a multistage mixed methods study

BackgroundDissatisfaction with one's body and the subsequent rise in the cosmetic surgery trend pose significant public health concerns today. One unusual cosmetic surgical procedure involves enhancing the genital area. Numerous healthy women and girls have recently sought Genital Cosmetic Surgery (GCS) for beauty or improved sexual performance. There is a concern that this phenomenon may be linked to developing a new standard for vulvovaginal appearance. This stringent standard could potentially adversely affect women's mental health in the future, growing feelings of insecurity and possibly leading teenagers to consider plastic surgery.Implementing empowering and awareness-raising programs for women and girls is crucial, especially in light of the constantly evolving gender norms and the medicalization of sexuality and beauty as social constructs. It is essential that such training is integrated into comprehensive sexual education programs for adolescents. These efforts align perfectly with the SDG, recognizing that education in sexual and reproductive health, ensuring access to health, and empowering women are fundamental rights for women and girls. To accomplish these objectives, we will conduct this study to elucidate the needs and concerns related to the increasing trend of GCS. By doing so, we can concentrate on the factors motivating women to undergo GCS. This approach will enable us to develop effective interventions to empower women and girls considering GCS, thus enhancing their sexual and reproductive health.Methods and objectivesThe objectives of this multistage exploratory sequential mixed-method study will be structured into three phases:First phase: qualitative study.In-depth interviews will be conducted to elucidate the needs and concerns associated with GCS with women with a history of GCS, spouses of willing participants, and women actively seeking these procedures.A literature review in parallel with the qualitative phase will be conducted to gain insights into the needs and concerns of women worldwide considering GCS.Second phase: program design.To formulate an intervention grounded in the primary priorities identified during the qualitative stage and informed by the literature review.To prioritize the needs and concerns of women seeking GCS and to validate and endorse the intervention through input from an expert panel.Third phase: quantitative study.To assess and determine the effectiveness of the intervention designed to address the needs and concerns of women applying for GCS procedures.DiscussionThis study marks the first attempt to design and assess an intervention addressing the needs and concerns of cosmetic surgeries performed on the female genital and reproductive system. The hope is that this study's compilation and implementation will yield substantial evidence and documentation regarding the impact of educational interventions on women's and girls' sexual and reproductive empowerment. Given the rising prevalence of GCS among unmarried teenagers, this approach is of utmost significance. It underscores the necessity for gynecological and midwifery service providers to have comprehensive guidance on GCS. Such guidance can be an essential resource for healthcare providers in this field.

Sustainable and Climate Smart Agriculture for Food Security: A Review

This review provides an in-depth examination of the principles, practices, and challenges associated with sustainable and climate-smart agriculture. Sustainable agriculture, with its focus on soil health, biodiversity, water management, and reduced chemical inputs, is crucial for meeting current food production needs while preserving resources for future generations. Climate Smart Agriculture builds upon sustainability by emphasizing climate adaptation and mitigation strategies, including climate-resilient crop selection, greenhouse gas reduction, and technology integration. However, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of these practices. Indian Farmers often lack knowledge and resources, while financial constraints and policy barriers pose significant hurdles. Additionally, climate variability and market access issues further complicate the transition to sustainable and climate-smart agriculture. Efforts to address these challenges require comprehensive education and training programs, supportive policies, financial incentives, and increased collaboration among governments, NGOs, and the private sector. Achieving sustainable and Climate Smart Agriculture is crucial for ensuring food security and resilience in the face of climate change.

Cognizance About Privacy and Security of Patients Health Information among Medical and Dental Students

Background: The proliferation of electronic health records and digital medical systems has brought about significant advancements in patient care and information management. However, concerns regarding the privacy and security of patients' health information have also intensified. As future healthcare practitioners, medical and dental students play a pivotal role in ensuring the safeguarding of sensitive patient data. This study aims to assess the awareness and understanding of privacy and security issues related to patients' health information among medical and dental students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of medical and dental students from diverse academic institutions. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess participants' knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning patient data privacy and security. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data, and associations between demographic factors and awareness levels were explored. Results: The study findings reveal that while a substantial portion of medical and dental students recognize the importance of patient data privacy, a significant knowledge gap exists regarding the specific measures and protocols to ensure security. The research found that 232(71.7%) of the participants preferred electronic patient records for their ease of accessibility and 198 (61.4%) strongly valued privacy. Students expressed varying levels of understanding concerning encryption methods, access controls, and legal frameworks governing patient information. Conclusion: This study underscores the imperative for comprehensive education and training programs focusing on privacy and security of patients' health information within medical and dental curricula. As future healthcare practitioners, medical and dental students must be equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge contributing to a more secure and privacy-aware healthcare environment.

Developing a comprehensive education programme for doctors undertaking an oncology rotation at a specialist oncology centre

Developing a comprehensive education programme for doctors undertaking an oncology rotation at a specialist oncology centre

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices towards canine visceral leishmaniasis based on the one health concept in Weliso and Ejaji Towns, Oromia, Ethiopia

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a significant vector-borne Meta zoonotic disease caused by agents of the L. donovani complex. The disease is transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine female sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia in the old and new worlds, respectively. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the residents about CVL based on the One Health concept in two towns of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020, using an interview questionnaire as the study instrument. The study participants were selected through a simple random sampling method. Pearson’s Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to evaluate the association between the study participants’ knowledge, attitude, and practices toward CVL and possible risk factors. The study included a total of 400 participants, and the results indicated that 77.25% had good knowledge, 60.5% had a favorable attitude, and 59.25% had good practices toward CVL. The town of Ejaji and dog ownership were significantly associated with good knowledge (p = 0.001), and attitude (p = 0.001) towards CVL, while having a dog (p = 0.001), having a diploma (p = 0.019) or degree and above (0.018), being divorced or widowed (0.012), and being Oromo (p = 0.013) were all significantly associated with good CVL practice. Most participants in both study areas had good knowledge but moderate attitudes and practices toward CVL. Therefore, it is crucial to undertake comprehensive community health education and awareness programs of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis and its vectors based on the One Health concept through various means.

Double burden of malnutrition among women in reproductive Age (15–49 years) in Sierra Leone: a secondary data analysis of the demographic health survey 2019 (SLDHS-2019)

BackgroundThe double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is rising globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Sierra Leone, the incidence of overweight, obesity (OWOB), and overnutrition among women has sharply increased. This finding accompanies the high incidence of undernutrition, which has been prevalent for decades. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different malnutrition categories (underweight, overweight, obesity, and overnutrition) and associated factors among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Sierra Leone using secondary data analysis of the Sierra Leone Demographic Health Survey of 2019 (SLDHS-2019).MethodsWe conducted secondary data analysis of the SLDHS-2019 of 7,514 women aged 15–49 years. We excluded pregnant, post-natal, lactating, and post-menopausal women. Data was collected using validated questionnaires, and respondents were selected through a multistage stratified sampling approach. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with malnutrition among 15–49-year-old women in Sierra Leone.ResultsAmong 15–49-year-old women in Sierra Leone, the prevalence of underweight was 6.7% (95%CI: 4.5-8.9%); overweight at 19.7% (95%CI: 17.7-21.7%); obesity was 7.4% (95% CI: 5.2-9.6%); and overnutrition, 27.1% (95%CI: 25.2-29.0%). Women aged 25–34 years were more likely to be underweight (adjusted Odds Ratios, aOR = 1.670, 95%CI: 1.254–2.224; p < 0.001) than those aged 15–24 years; women who were not married were less likely to be underweight (aOR = 0.594, 95%CI: 0.467–0.755; p < 0.001) than married women. Women from the North were less likely to be underweight (aOR = 0.734, 95%CI: 0.559–0.963; p = 0.026) than the East, and those who did not listen to the radio were less likely to be underweight (aOR = 0.673; 95%CI: 0.549–0.826; p < 0.001) than those who did. Overweight was less likely among 25–34 years (aOR = 0.609, 95%CI: 0.514–0.722; p < 0.001) and 35–49 years (aOR = 0.480, 95%CI: 0.403–0.571; p < 0.001) age-groups than 15–24 years; more likely among not married women (aOR = 1.470, 95%CI:1.249–1.730; p < 0.001) than married; less likely among working-class (aOR = 0.840, 95%CI: 0.720–0.980; p = 0.026) than not working-class; most likely in women from the North (aOR = 1.325, 95%CI:1.096–1.602; p = 0.004), and less likely among women from the South (aOR = 0.755, 95%CI: 0.631–0.903; p = 0.002) than the East; less likely among women of middle-wealth-index (aOR = 0.656, 95%CI: 0.535–0.804; p < 0.001), richer-wealth-index (aOR = 0.400, 95%CI: 0.309–0.517; p < 0.001), and richest-wealth-index (aOR = 0.317, 95%CI: 0.234–0.431; p < 0.001) than the poorest-wealth-index; and more likely among women who did not listen to radios (aOR = 1.149; 95%CI:1.002–1.317; p = 0.047) than those who did. The predictors of overweight among women 15–49 years are the same as obesity and overnutrition, except overnutrition and obesity were less likely in female-headed households (aOR = 0.717,95%CI: 0.578–0.889; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of all categories of malnutrition among women of reproductive age in Sierra Leone is high, affirming a double burden of malnutrition in this study population. Underweight was more likely among the 25–34-year age group than 15–24-year. The predictors of overweight, obesity, and overnutrition were being unmarried/single, residing in the North, and not listening to the radio. There is an urgent need for policymakers in Sierra Leone to design comprehensive educational programs for women of reproductive age on healthy lifestyles and the dangers of being underweight or over-nourished.

Level of Knowledge of Mothers on the Effects of Teratogens A Basis for Pre-Natal Health Information Program

The setting will have an effect on the child in several well-documented ways. There are a lot of babies that are born defective as the result of events before and during the course of their pregnancy and such circumstances are classified as teratogens. Teratogens are environmental agents that will disturb the conventional fetal development once the mother is exposed to them, leading to prenatal maldevelopment or death (Kalter, 2010). This study made used a descriptive survey design as a method of research. A descriptive design is a type of quantitative research. The main source of data for this study were the pregnant mothers who are having their pre-natal consultation which includes all primigravida, multigravida, first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester patients of Gov. Faustino N. Dy Sr. Memorial Hospital. The study excludes those who are not patients of the said institution and are unwilling to participate in the survey. The research findings highlight the need for a comprehensive health education programs to address knowledge gaps and improve awareness among pregnant women. It is crucial to develop targeted educational initiatives that provide accurate information on the risks and consequences associated with teratogenic exposure during pregnancy. Collaborating with healthcare professionals and integrating teratogenic risk assessment and counseling into routine prenatal care can further enhance knowledge dissemination and informed decision-making.

CONTRACEPTION KNOWLEDGE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS RIVERS STATE NIGERIA

This study investigates the factors associated with the knowledge of contraception among secondary school students in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was employed, involving 900 students from both public and private secondary schools. A validated self-structured instrument with a reliability index of 0.76 was used for data collection. The study found that 76.1% of the respondents exhibited good knowledge of contraception, with 23.9% demonstrating poor knowledge. Disastrously, 80.3% of the students opinioned that contraceptives help prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and 63.7% understood their role in preventing unwanted pregnancies. However, misconceptions persisted, with 16.7% believing that other contraceptives prevent only pregnancy and 59.3% thinking that daily oral pills must be taken daily for effectiveness. Chi-square analysis revealed significant associations between knowledge of contraception and various factors. Age was found to be significant (χ² = 13.633, p = 0.008), with students aged 15-16 years exhibiting better knowledge. Gender was also significant (χ² = 5.705, p = 0.033), as female students had a higher level of understanding. Religion (χ² = 23.564, p = 0.002) and guardian (χ² = 20.432, p = 0.001) both significantly influenced knowledge, with Christian students and those guided by parents demonstrating better knowledge. Based on the findings, it was recommended that government in collaboration with health promotion experts, health educators and school administrators should design, develop and implement a targeted educational interventions to address misconceptions and disparities in knowledge; comprehensive sexual education programs should be implemented, tailored to students' diverse backgrounds, and designed to promote gender equity. KEYWORDS: contraception, Knowledge, students, associated factors, secondary Schools.

Factors associated with the choice of having multiple sexual partners among male college students with casual heterosexual sex in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China

BackgroundYoung students infected with HIV have become a significant public health issue in China, this study aimed to understand the factors influencing the choice of having multiple sexual partners among male college students who had casual heterosexual sex in Zhejiang Province and to scientifically justify developing HIV/AIDS intervention strategies among them.MethodsA stratified cluster sampling method was used for the survey of students from 13 colleges or universities in Zhejiang Province between October and November 2018. The questionnaire collected information on general demographic characteristics, knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, sexual attitudes and risk awareness, sexual behavioural characteristics, and acceptance of interventions. The univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted in this study.ResultsStudy participants included 362 male college students who exhibited casual heterosexual sex and were aware of the number of sexual partners they had. Among them, 222 students engaged in casual heterosexual sex with multiple sexual partners (61.33%). The results of the multivariable analysis revealed several factors associated with male students’ choice to have multiple sexual partners: monthly living expenses greater than or equal to 1501 CNY (adjusted OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.21–4.16), sexual behavior after consuming alcohol (adjusted OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.32–3.63), whose casual partner types were non-student (adjusted OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.45–4.22), and those who discussed using condoms during sexual intercourse (adjusted OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.28–0.89).ConclusionThe choice to engage in casual heterosexual sex with multiple partners was found to be associated with several factors among male college students, including economic status, engaging in sexual behavior after consuming alcohol, the type of the casual partner, and using condoms. These findings highlight the significance of implementing targeted interventions and comprehensive sexual health education programs within college settings in order to encourage safer sexual practices among students.

Impact of a structured educational intervention on attitudes and clinical practices in heart failure among physicians in argentina

Abstract Introduction It is necessary to identify areas for improvement in the care of patients with heart failure (HF), and thus implement educational interventions to optimize the quality of care and their clinical outcomes. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes, knowledge, confidence and care pathways of patients with HF among physicians in Argentina and their subsequent changes after an educational intervention. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-administered survey to evaluate clinical practice patterns and attitudes/perceptions regarding the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of HF patients in the outpatient and inpatient settings. Survey respondents were physicians from 22 centers in Argentina who participated in a comprehensive educational programme for the care of HF patients conducted between March and July 2021. The educational intervention was based on a 30-hour training programme in heart failure clinics and a final examination. Simple road maps were created to address the knowledge gaps identified in the pre-intervention phase. Results A total of 50 physicians were surveyed; the mean age was 41±8 years and 86% were cardiologists. The educational intervention significantly increased physicians' confidence in diagnosing HFpEF, with 52% feeling "confident" or "very confident" before and 84% after the intervention (p&amp;lt;0.001). In outpatients with HFrEF, more physicians reported prioritizing quadruple therapy with SLGT-2i, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) in the post-intervention period (p&amp;lt;0.05, figure 2). No differences were found in the reported time to optimal medical treatment (p=0.7). After the intervention, the proportion of physicians who felt "confident" or "very confident" in identifying patients who could benefit from an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator increased from 70% to 96% (p=0.01). After the intervention, more doctors considered "relevant" and "very relevant" the administration of hypertonic saline (22% to 52%; p=0.01), and intravenous iron (56% to 80%; p=0.041). Compared to the pre-intervention period, more physicians prioritized quadruple therapy with beta-blockers, MRA, ARNI and SGLT2i (p&amp;lt;0.05, figure 2) at hospital discharge. There was a significant increase in the use of the discharge checklist from 26% to 48% (p=0.05). Conclusions A multifaceted structured educational intervention was effective in improving knowledge and attitudes about the diagnosis and management of patients with HF among physicians in Argentina. The results of the present study demonstrate that an educational intervention can increase knowledge and improve clinical attitudes in the diagnosis of HFpEF and management of outpatients and hospitalized patients with HFrEF. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of such programmes in other countries.

The Values in Perspective Comprehensive Sex Education Program: Experiences of Black Youth

Limited research is available on the acceptability of comprehensive sex education for economically marginalized Black youth. The current evaluation study collected quantitative self-report data from 109 high-school-aged predominately Black or African American economically marginalized youth after completing a comprehensive sex education program. Youth reported positive experiences with the program, improvement in socioemotional skill development, and increases in sexual risk avoidance behavior. Youth report of quality of experience predicted youth sexual risk avoidance. These findings serve as evidence for tailoring comprehensive sex education programs to youth demographic variables.

Socio-Cultural Dynamics and Their Implications on Gender-Based Violence: A Deep Dive into India's Diverse Contexts

This study aimed to explore the influence of socio-cultural factors on gender-based violence (GBV) within the multifaceted societal fabric of India. Recognizing the prevalence of GBV in various forms across the country, the research addressed the underlying social norms, practices, and cultural narratives that perpetuate this issue. Employing a mixed-method approach, the investigation included both qualitative and quantitative data, collecting insights through surveys, interviews, and case studies across different regions in India. The research problem revolved around understanding how deep-rooted cultural dynamics, such as caste systems, religious beliefs, and traditional gender roles, contribute to the persistence and acceptance of GBV. The methodology adopted was designed to offer a comprehensive overview of these complex interactions. Surveys measured the prevalence and attitudes towards GBV, while interviews with survivors, activists, and community leaders provided a deeper understanding of the lived experiences and societal pressures that influence GBV. Findings indicated that GBV in India is a multifaceted problem with roots in historical, cultural, and structural inequalities. There was a clear link between societal norms and the incidence of violence, with certain practices such as dowry and child marriage identified as significant contributors. Additionally, the study found that there is often a gap between existing laws and their implementation, further exacerbating the issue. The conclusion drawn emphasized that GBV in India cannot be viewed in isolation from its socio-cultural context. While legislation and policy efforts exist, they must be strengthened and coupled with societal change for effectiveness. Recommendations include the need for comprehensive educational programs to challenge and change harmful cultural norms, improved legal frameworks, and enforcement mechanisms, as well as increased support systems for survivors. The study advocates for a collaborative approach involving government, civil society, and local communities to address the root causes of GBV and promote gender equality. Keywords: Socio-Cultural Dynamics, GBV, Human rights, Deep Dive, Challenges, Barriers, Policies

An education-based telehealth group improves the management and clinical outcomes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China (THEIM study).

Although poor medication adherence has a negative impact on disease prognosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), finding proven solutions remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a telehealth management model based on education and patient-centered medical care (PCEB) using the social media platform WeChat. To investigate the effect of PCEB on adherence and clinical outcomes. In this retrospective cohort, 543 IBD patients (274 in the PCEB group and 269 in the routine group) at the IBD center of Renmin Hospital (Wuhan University, Wuhan, China) were enrolled between January 2020 and September 2022. The routine group received routine follow-up and management, while for PCEB patients, a comprehensive IBD education program and PCEB were conducted. Medication adherence and clinical outcomes were also evaluated. There were no differences between the PCEB and routine groups in terms of patient demographics and clinical characteristics, including disease classification, duration, biological treatment, and educational background at baseline. Compared with routine treatment, PCEB greatly improved patient medication adherence, as assessed by compliance with oral medication, enteral nutrition, biological infusion, and scheduled endoscopic assessment. Clinical and endoscopic remission in patients with PCEB increased during short-term (month 4) and long-term (month 12) follow-ups, along with a decrease in relapse rates for CD (13.3% vs. 31.8%) and UC (19.8% vs. 37.2%). The telehealth model applied to the PCEB group improved medication adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with IBD. This is a new and powerful solution for the long-term management of this chronic and progressive disease.

Variability in Health Impact: Examining Lifestyle and Dietary Habits Across Different Stages of Adolescence: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Introduction: Adolescence is a critical developmental phase marked by significant physical, cognitive, and identity transformations. This paper provides an extensive overview of adolescent lifestyle and dietary habits, aiming to explore their profound impact on health.&#x0D; Methods: A comprehensive literature review gathered data from academic journals, government health reports, and relevant sources. Data were systematically selected and synthesized, categorizing information into key themes like nutrition, physical activity, and peer/media influence. Ethical guidelines were rigorously followed to ensure the research's integrity.&#x0D; Results: Adolescents often make suboptimal choices in lifestyle and diet, elevating the risk of chronic diseases. Urgent interventions and educational programs are needed to promote healthier adolescent choices.&#x0D; Discussion: Poor dietary choices and declining physical activity among adolescents demand comprehensive nutrition education programs and collaborative efforts involving schools, parents, and healthcare providers. Educational programs emphasizing critical thinking and emotional intelligence can empower adolescents to make informed lifestyle and dietary decisions.&#x0D; Conclusion: Adolescence shapes lifelong habits, and understanding the challenges they face is crucial for their well-being. Effective interventions and educational programs can guide them toward healthier choices, mitigating the adverse effects of suboptimal habits on their immediate and long-term health.

화물자동차 안전교육 프로그램 개발 및 추진전략에 관한 연구

With the development of the logistics industry, there has been a rapid surge in truck traffic volume, giving rise to pronounced traffic congestion and a surge in traffic accidents. The fatality rate, which gauges the number of deaths per 100 traffic accidents, rising from 2.7 in 2020 to 2.8 in 2021. and was about twice higher than passenger cars and buses. This rate stood at nearly double that of passenger cars and buses. Although extant studies have underscored the significance of driver education as a pivotal factor in enhancing truck traffic safety, the realm of research concerning the formulation of comprehensive truck driver education programs remains underdeveloped. This study surveyed safety managers and truck drivers of freight transportation companies to identify the requirements for the development and operation of education programs such as the main contents, training period, and training method. Based on this, truck driver education programs (draft) are proposed by considering the truck drivers’ characteristics. In addition, 8 representative domestic freight transportation companies were selected to do in-depth interviews. Through this, the need for a truck driver traffic safety education program was confirmed. It was implied that legal and institutional support for education program’s development and management needs to be prepared. In light of these findings, this study elucidates a comprehensive strategy to foster the successful creation and streamlined operation of educational programs. The outcomes of this research are poised to serve as fundamental reference material for the formulation of targeted truck driver education programs within pertinent organizations, including the Korea Transportation Safety Authority, in the times ahead.

Live-streaming comprehensive sexuality education in Western China: an analysis of the views of implementers and junior secondary students

ABSTRACT Following China’s rapid socioeconomic transition, the sexual attitudes and behaviours of Chinese youth have changed considerably, raising serious concerns about their sexual and reproductive health (SRH). While comprehensive and high-quality formal sexuality education has been shown to lead to safer sexual behaviour, the delivery of formal SRH education in China remains insufficient, especially in Western regions. This study usedd qualitative approaches to evaluate the implementation of a live-streaming comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) programme in Western China between 2019 and 2021, Nineteen participants were recruited to participate in this study. Ten face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted privately with specialists, school principals, and live-streaming tutors. Two focus groups were conducted with classroom teachers and junior secondary students, respectively. Findings reveal that both programme implementers and students demonstrated high satisfaction with CSE implementation. They indicated that CSE provision helped enhance adolescents’ SRH knowledge and attitudes so as to better prepare them for a healthy and secure future. Findings demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, sustainability, and scale-up possibilities of the both the CSE curriculum and the live-streaming delivery approach. Findings may help guide future implementation of CSE at all levels, and thus improve access to CSE for vulnerable populations and diminish SRH disparities more effectively.

A Health Belief Model Examination of Factors Related to Hepatitis B Screening Among African Immigrants in Philadelphia.

Chronic hepatitis B infection is a leading cause of liver cancer worldwide. In the USA, African immigrants (AI) have high hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rates but low HBV knowledge and screening rates. Research about HBV among AI living in Philadelphia is particularly limited. This study aims to assess barriers to and factors influencing HBV screening in the Philadelphia AI population. African and Caribbean-born adults in Greater Philadelphia were recruited for phone interviews at community health fairs hosted by the African Cultural Alliance of North America (ACANA) and the African Family Health Organization (AFAHO) in partnership with the Hepatitis B Foundation. Seventeen interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded independently by two members of the research team using NVivo software. Themes and subthemes were created by analysis of the codes and arranged under Health Belief Model (HBM) concepts. Major perceived barriers included lack of HBV knowledge and awareness and cultural challenges related to health care access, preventive care, fear, and stigma. Participants recommended using community organizations and programs to spread awareness about HBV and serve as cues to action. In-person education was emphasized due to lack of access to and knowledge of technology such as Zoom. While HBV educational sessions have been implemented in this population, they have not been consistent or far-reaching. The results of this study can contribute to the implementation of a comprehensive AI-specific HBV education and screening program through partnerships with community organizations to ensure that all high-risk individuals in the Philadelphia area are screened.

Impact of health education on sexual safety among Hungarian adolescents

Abstract Background The aim of sexual health education is to raise awareness of sexual safety, i.e., to prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and emotionally harmful experiences. The Balassagyarmat Health Education Program (BEP) is a comprehensive health education program covering different areas of health, including sexual health, targeting all high school students of a Hungarian town. The goal of our study is to measure the impact of BEP on adolescents' knowledge of sexual safety. Methods Tenth-grade students from three academic years (2018-2020) were included in our analysis. Since the class of 2018 received no intervention, it was considered as the control group. Tenth-grade classes of 2019 and 2020 each took part in the health education program (2 out of 10 sessions on sexual safety). After the intervention, students filled out an online questionnaire regarding their sexual attitudes and health behaviors. Open-ended questions were evaluated with quantitative content analysis done by two independent coders. Participants were asked to identify the safest form of protection, and those who offered an appropriate explanation were considered as “conscious” students. Proportions of answers within each academic year were compared with Chi-squared tests. Results 768 students completed our questionnaire (group 2018: 315; group 2019: 274; group 2020: 179). Compared to the control group, a significantly higher proportion of students in the intervention groups considered the condom to be the safest protection method (76.2%; 90.9%; 81.0% respectively) and fewer considered the same for contraceptives (21.6%; 7.7%; 16.8%). The intervention groups also exhibited a significantly higher proportion of conscious students compared to the controls (21.6%; 49.8%; 30.3%). Conclusions Even though our study confirmed that adolescents' knowledge of sexual safety can be improved, a relatively low proportion of students is aware of the purpose of protection. Key messages • Health education programs are effectively able to improve knowledge of sexual health and safe sex practices with a higher proportion of health-conscious individuals as a result of the intervention. • Since better knowledge is associated with more health-conscious behaviors, the purpose of protection should be emphasized more as students were not always able to explain their choice of protection.